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Muscles
structure and function
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/06/2010

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Term
Endomysium
Definition
a thin sleeve of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber. It creates room for blood capillaries and nerve fibers to reach every muscle fiber, ensuring that no muscle cell is without stimulation and nourishment, it also provides the extracellular chemical environment for the muscle fiber and its associated nerve ending.
Term
Perimysium
Definition
a thicker connective tissue sheath that wraps muscle fibers together in bundles called fascicles, usually carry the larger nerves and blood vessels as well as stretch receptors called muscle spindles.
Term
Fascicles
Definition
bundles of muscle fibers visible to the naked eye.
Term
Epimysium
Definition
a fibrous sheath that surrounds the entire muscle. On its outer surface, the epimsyium grades in the fascia, on its inner surface it issues projections between the fascicles to form the perimysium.
Term
Fascia
Definition
a sheet of connective tissue that separates neighboring muscles or muscle groups from each other and from the subcutaneous tissue.
Term
Fusiform muscles
Definition
thick in the middle and tapered at each end, the biceps brachii of the arm and the gastrocnemius of the calf are examples
Term
Fusiform muscles
Definition
thick in the middle and tapered at each end, the biceps brachii of the arm and the gastrocnemius of the calf are examples
Term
Parallel muscles
Definition
fairly uniform width and parallel fascicles
Term
Triangular (Convergent) muscles
Definition
fan-shaped...broad at the origin and converging toward a narrower insertion.

EX: pertoralis major in the chest and the temporalis on the side of the head.
Term
Pennate muscles
Definition
feather-shaped; their fascicles insert obliquely on a tendon that runs the length of the muscle, like the shaft of a feather.
Term
Circular muscles
Definition
(sphincters) form rings around certain body openings
Term
Indirect attachment
Definition
muscle ends conspicuously short of its bony destination, and the gap is bridged by a fibrous band or sheet called a tendon.
Term
Aponeurosis
Definition
a broad sheet tendon
Term
Retinaculum
Definition
groups of tendons from separate muscles pass under a band of connective tissue
Term
Direct (fleshy) attachment
Definition
little separation between muscle and bone that to the naked eye, the red muscular tissue seems to emerge directly from the bone
Term
Origin
Definition
bony site of attachment at the relatively stationary end of a contracted muscle
Term
Insertion
Definition
the attachment site of a contracted muscle at its more mobile end is called the insertion
Term
Belly
Definition
the thicker middle region between the origin and insertion.
Term
Prime Mover (agonist)
Definition
the muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action
Term
Synergist
Definition
a muscle that aids the prime mover
Term
Antagonist
Definition
a muscle that opposes the prime mover
Term
Fixator
Definition
a muscle that prevents a bone from moving
Term
Intrinsic muscle
Definition
entirely contained within a particular region, having both its origin and insertion there.
Term
Extrinsic muscle
Definition
acts upon a designated region but has its origin elsewhere.
Term
Innervation
Definition
refers to the identity of the nerve that stimulates it.
Term
Compartments
Definition
muscles organized into spaces separated by fasciae
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