Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Muscles
Muscles, insertions, origins and actions
113
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
10/18/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

EPICRANIUS

Definition

FRONTALIS

AURICULARIS

OCCIPTALIS

 

NOTE- GALEA APONEUROTICA

Term

 

 

FRONTALIS

Definition
1. A- raising eyebrows
Term

 

 

AURICULARIS

Definition
22. A- moves ears, pulls scalp
Term

 

 

OCCIPITALIS

Definition
25. A- retracts scalp, pulls scalp posterior
Term

 

 

ORBICULARIS OCULI

Definition
2. A- squint, closes eye
Term

 

 

ORBICULARIS ORIS

Definition
9. A-puckers, closes lips
Term

 

 

BUCCINATOR

Definition
15. A- draws mouth back (laterally), presses cheeks against teeth and lips as in whistling and blowing and assists in mastication.
Term

 

 

PLATYSMA

Definition
A- draws corner of mouth down and depresses mouth (opens)
Term

 

 

RISORIUS

Definition
14. smiling and laughing, draws angle of mouth laterally
Term

 

 

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Definition

EPICRANIUS (frontalis, auricularis, occipitalis)

ORBICULARIS OCULI

ORBICULARIS ORIS

BUCCINATOR

PLATYSMA

RISORIUS

Term

 

 

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Definition

TEMPORALIS

MASSETER

MEDIAL and LATERAL PTERYGOID

Term

 

 

TEMPORALIS

Definition

O- temporal and parietal bones

 

I- anterior of ear, on coronoid process

 

A- opening/closing of mouth (elevates mandible) and chewing

Term

 

 

SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES

Definition

DIGASTRIC

MYLOHYOID

Term

 

 

MASSETER

Definition

16. O- zygomatic bone to zygomatic arch

 

I- mandibular ramus and angle

 

A- bite and grind food, elevate mandible

 

NOTE- one of strongest muscles lb for lb

Term

 

 

MUSCLES THAT OPEN MOUTH

Definition

PLATYSMA

TEMPORALIS

MASSETER

Term

 

 

MEDIAL PTERYGOID

Definition

O-medial side of ptyergoid process (medial surface of lateral protion of pterygoid process)

 

I- angle and ramus of mandible

 

A- chewing; elevates and protracts mandible and moves it from side to side

Term

 

 

LATERAL PTYERGOID

Definition

O- lateral side of pterygoid process (lateral surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process)

 

I- condyloid process of mandible

 

A- protracts mandible, depresses and moves from side to side; gliding

Term

 

 

SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES OF NECK

Definition

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

TRAPEZIUS

Term

 

 

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

Definition

222. O- manubrium and sternal end of clavicle

 

I- mastoid prcoess of skull

 

A- neck flexion and neck rotation

NOTE- elevates sternum during forced inhalation

Term

 

 

MUSCLES OF ABDOMINAL WALL

Definition

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

Term

 

 

TRAPEZIUS

Definition

226. O- external occipital protuberance

 

I- spinous processes C1 to T12; acromial end of clavicle; acromion of scapula; scapular spine

 

A- neck extension / hyperextension, elevator of shoulder, shrugger, adductor, raising hand

Term

 

 

 

Definition
Term

 

 

DIGASTRIC

Definition

12. O- infernior mandible

 

I- hyoid bone

 

A- opens mouth, depresses mandible

Term

 

 

MYLOHYOID

Definition

13. O- inferior mandible

 

I- hyoid bone

 

A- opens mouth, depresses mandible

Term

 

 

MUSCLES ACTING ON SCAPULA

Definition

ANTERIOR- serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

POSTERIOR- trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboideus major and minor

Term

 

 

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Definition

542. O- 1-8 or 9 ribs

 

I- vertebral spine of scapula

 

A- steadies scapula, brings scapula towards ribs, fixes scapula

 

NOTE- Boxer's muscle therefore good for punching and pushing

Term

 

 

PECTORALIS MINOR

Definition

26. O-  ribs 3-5

 

I- coracoid process of scapula

 

A- steadies scapula and brings scapula around to anterior, rotates scapula downward

Term

 

 

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

Definition

O- C1-C4 spinous processes

 

I- superior angle of scapula

 

A- assist in shrugging and neck extension, rotates scapula downward

Term

 

 

RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR

Definition

O- T2-T5 spines

 

I- vertebral border of scapula

 

A- elevates and adducts scapula and rotates it downward; stabilizes scapula

Term

 

 

RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR

Definition

O- C7-T1 spines

 

I- vertebral border of scapular spine

 

A- elveates adn adducts scapula and rotates downward, stabilizes scapula

 

 

Term

 

 

PECTORALIS MAJOR

Definition

262. O- sternal end of clavicle, manubrium, ribs 2-6

 

I- intertubercular groove

 

A- adducts and flexes, medial rotation

 

NOTE- agonistic/antagonistic relationship w/ lat dorsi

Term

 

 

LATISSIMUS DORSI

Definition

541. O- spinous processes of T7-T12

 

I- intertubercular groove

 

A- pulls humerus, extends, adducts shoulder and medial rotation

 

NOTE- swimmer's muscle

Term

 

 

 

Definition
Term

 

 

DELTOID

Definition

336. O- acromial end of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine

 

I- deltoid tuberosity

 

A- clavicular origin- flexion; acromion- abduction; scapular spine- extension/hyperextension

Term

 

 

SUPRASPINATUS

Definition

a1. O- supraspinous fossa

 

I- greater tubercle of humerus

 

A- abduction of arm

Term

 

 

INFRASPINATUS

Definition

a2. O- infraspinous fossa

 

I- greater tubercle

 

A- lateral rotation of shoulder and inward adduction

Term

 

 

TERES MINOR

Definition

a4. O- axillary border of scapula

 

I- greater tubercle

 

A- lateral rotation of shoulder and adduction

Term

 

 

SITS MUSCLES

Definition

aka ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

 

SUPRASPINATUS, INFRASPINATUS, TERES MINOR, SUBSCAPULARIS

 

NOTE- fix injury, chief stabilizers

SIT on greater tubercle

Term

 

 

SUBSCAPULARIS

Definition

a6. O- subscapular fossa

 

I- lesser tubercle

 

A- medial rotation and adduction

Term

 

 

TERES MAJOR

Definition

a3. O- inferior angle of scapula

 

I- intertubercular sulcus (edges)

 

A- adducts, medialy rotates and hyperextension of arm

Term

 

 

CORACOBRACHIALIS

Definition

aCB. O- coracoid process of scapula

 

I- shaft of humerus

 

A- raise arm, shoulder flexion and adduction

Term

 

 

BICEPS BRACHII

lateral (long) head

Definition

a9b. O- supraglenoid tubercle

 

I- radial tuberosity

 

A- flex forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm, flexion of shoulder

Note- biarticulate

Term

 

 

BICEPS BRACHII

medial (short) head

Definition

a9a. O- coracoid prcoess of scapula

 

I- radial tuberosity

 

A- flex forearm at elbow joint, supinates forearm, flexion of shoulder

Note- multiarticulate

Term

 

 

BRACHIALIS

Definition

a10. O- mid shaft of humerus

 

I- ulnar tuberosity

 

A- elbow flexor

Note- powerhouse flexor

Term

 

 

BRACHIORADIALIS

Definition

a20. O- lateral supracondylar ridge

 

I- styloid process of radius

 

A- elbow flexion with hand in mid-supinated position (handshake position)

Term

 

 

TRICEPS BRACHII

long head

Definition

a11b. O- infraglenoid tubercle

 

I- olecranon

 

A- hyperextension / extend elbow and shoulder

Term

 

 

TRICEPS BRACHII

lateral head

Definition

a11a. O- posterior humerus

 

I- olecranon

 

A- extends elbow

Term

 

 

TRICEPS BRACHII

medial head

Definition

a11c. O- medial epicondyle, entire posterior surface of humerus inferior to groove

 

I- olecranon

 

A- tricep flexion, extends forearm at elbow joint and extends arm at shoulder joint

Term

 

 

ANCONEUS

Definition
a88. A- works with triceps to extend elbow (extends forearm at elbow joint)
Term

 

 

SUPINATOR

Definition

a25. O-supinator crest of ulna

 

I- proximal radius

 

A- supinates hand

Term

 

 

PRONATOR TERES

Definition

a12. medial epicondyle of humerus

 

I- lateral surface of radius

 

A- pronation of forearm

Note- golfer's elbow or medial epicondylysis

Term

 

 

PRONATOR QUADRATUS

Definition
A- pronates wrist (forearm)
Term

 

 

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

Definition

a13. O- medial epicondyle

 

I- basis of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

 

A- flexes wrist and abduction of hand at wrist joint

Term

 

 

PALMARIS LONGUS

Definition

a14. O- medial epicondyle

 

I-palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

 

A- weakly flexes hand at wrist

Note- absent in 8-10%; mostly F, Left

 

 

 

Term

 

 

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Definition

a15. O- medial epicondyle

 

I-pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

 

A- adduction, flexes wrist

Term

 

 

MOST SUPERFICIAL OF MUSCLES THAT MOVE HAND

Definition

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

PALMARIS LONGUS

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Term

 

 

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

Definition
a24. A- flexes digits 2-5 and wrist
Term

 

 

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

Definition
aFDP. A- flexes digits 2-5 and wrist; deep, 4 tendons
Term

 

 

FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Definition
aFPL. A- gripping, flexing thumb
Term

 

 

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS

Definition

a19. O- lateral epicondyle

 

I- base of 2nd metacarpal

 

A- extends adn abducts wrist

Note- paired with Brevis

Term

 

 

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

Definition

a18. O- lateral epicondyle

 

I- base of metacarpal 3

 

A- extends and abducts wrist

Note- paired with Longus

Term

 

 

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM (COMMUNIS)

Definition

a17. O- lateral epicondyle

 

I- digits 2-5

 

A- extends wrist and digits 2-5

Term

 

 

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMUS

Definition
a222. A- extends pinky
Term

 

 

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

Definition

a16. O- lateral epicondyle

 

I- base of 5th metacarpal

 

A- extends and adducts wrist

Term

 

 

EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Definition
a21. A- extends thumb
Term

 

 

EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS

Definition
a22. A- extends pollex
Term

 

 

ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Definition
a23. A- abducts and extends thumb and abducts hand at wrist joint
Term

 

 

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

Definition

543. O- inferior surface of lower 8 ribs

 

I- linea alba

 

A- compression, rotation

Note- strongest of abdominal muscles, most superficial, runs inferiorly and medially

Term

 

 

BICEPS FEMORIS

long head

Definition

l18a. O- ischial tuberosity

 

I- fibular head and lateral tibial condyle

 

A- knee flexion (when foot free to move), hip extension (when foot planted) and lateral rotation

 

Term

 

 

BICEPS FEMORIS

short head

Definition

l18b. O- linea aspera

 

I- fibular head and lateral tibial condyle

 

A- knee flexion (when foot free to move), lateral rotation

Term

 

 

SEMITENDINOSUS

Definition

l16. O- ischial tuberosity

 

I- proximal medial tibia

 

A- knee flexion, hip extension, and medial rotation

Term

 

 

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

Definition

l11d. O- anterior shaft of femur

 

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

 

A- knee extension

Term

 

 

VASTUS MEDIALIS

Definition

l11b. O- medial surface linea aspera

 

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

 

A- knee extension

Term

 

 

VASTUS LATERALIS

Definition

l11c. O- greater trochanter and lateral linea aspera

 

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

 

A- knee extension

Note- largest of quadriceps

Term

 

 

RECTUS FEMORIS

Definition

l12. O- anterior inferior iliac spine

 

I- tibial tuberosity by way of patellar tendon

 

A- knee extension, hip flexion

Note- only quadricep femoris that is biarticular (knee and hip joint)

Term

 

 

QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

Definition

RECTUS FEMORIS

VASTUS LATERALIS

VASTUS MEDIALIS

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

Term

 

 

SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

Definition

l17. O- ischial tuberosity

 

I- medial tibial condyle

 

A- knee flexion, hip extension, medial rotation

Term

 

 

PECTINEUS

Definition

l12. O- superior pubic ramus

 

I- pectineal line (just below lesser trochanter)

 

A- hip flexion and adduction

Note- femoral triangle

Term

 

 

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

Definition

569 (no lab). O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia

 

I- linea alba, pubic crest, costal cartilages of lower 3 ribs

 

A- compression, rotation

Note- middle, fibers

Term

 

 

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS

Definition

O- inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia

 

I- linea alba, pubic crest

 

A- compression

Note- strongest of external and internal, deepest.

Term

 

 

GRACILIS

Definition

l15. O- pubic symphysis and inferior ramus

 

I- proximal medial tibia

 

A- weak flexor, hip adduction, knee flexion

Term

 

 

FEMORAL TRIANGLE

Definition

SARTORIUS, PECTINEUS, and ADDUCTOR LONGUS

take pulse and blood- very superficial

 

inguinal ligament top, pectineus floor (backdrop)

Term

 

 

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

Definition

l13. O- symphysis pubis (pubic body)

 

I- linea aspera

 

A- hip adduction, flexion

Term

 

 

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

Definition

l14. O- ramus of ischium to tuberosity

I- 1 tendon- adductor tubercle; 2 tendon- linea aspear

A- hip adduction, flexion, extension

Note- adductor hiatus- where tendons split, landmark for femoral vein and deep femoral artery

Term

 

 

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Definition

l19. O- lateral condyle of tibia

 

I- medial (first) cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

 

A- ankle dorsiflexion and inversion

Term

 

 

ANTERIOR CRURAL

shin

Definition

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

Note- primary dorsiflexors. shin splints from periosteum of tibia.

Term

 

 

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

Definition
l21. A- extends toes 2-5, ankle dorsiflexion
Term

 

 

EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

Definition
l20. A- extends hallux (big toe), ankle dorsiflexion
Term

 

 

FIBULARIS LONGUS

Definition

l22. O- 2/3 shaft of fibula, lateral tibial condyle

 

I- 1st cuneiform, 1st metarsal

 

A- plantar flexes and everts foot

Term

 

 

FIBULARIS BREVIS

Definition
l23. A- plantar flexes and everts foot
Term

 

 

LATERAL CRURAL MUSCLES

Definition

FIBULARIS LONGUS

FIBULARIS BREVIS

Term

 

 

GASTROCNEMIUS

Definition

l24a,b. O- medial and lateral femoral condyles

 

I- by calcaneal/achilles tendon- calcaneus

 

A- knee flexion (foot off ground), ankle plantar flexion

Note- 2 bellies, sprinter's muscle

Term

 

 

SOLEUS

Definition

l24c. O- proximal posterior heads of fibula and tibia, soleal line

 

I-calcaneus

 

A-ankle plantar flexion

Note- runner's calf, 75-80s slow twitch

Term

 

 

PLANTARIS

Definition

l25. A- plantar flexion

Note- vestigal muscle, absent in 8-10% of population more often on left side

Term

 

 

strongest tendon in human body

TRICEPS SURAE

Definition

also most split tendon

ACHILLE'S TENDON or CALCANEAL TENDON

made up of GASTROCNEMIUS, SOLEUS, PLANTARIS

Term

 

 

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

Definition

473. O- pubic crest, tubercles, symphysis

 

I- cartilages of ribs 5-7 and xiphoid process

 

A- lumbar flexion (note action at origin when insertion is fixed)

Note- 8 pack

Term

 

 

POPLITEUS

Definition

l26. A- protects back of knee, supports knee and stabilizes, unlocks and flexes knee

Note- aids the posterior cruciate ligament in preventing anterior displacement of femur with respect to the tibia

Term

 

 

FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

Definition

l29. A- flexes hallux, ankle plantar flexion and inversion

 

Term

 

 

FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

Definition

l27. A- flexes toes 2-5, ankle plantar flexion and eversion

 

 

Term

 

 

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

Definition

l28.A- deepest, and strong plantar flexion

Note-important for arch

Term

 

 

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

Definition

O- iliac crest, lower 3 lumbar

 

I- transverse processes of L1-L4

 

A- lumbar extension, lateral flexion

Term

 

 

ERECTOR SPINAE

Definition

from sacrum to occipital bone, 9 muscles-3 groups

SPINALIS (medial)

LONGISSIMUS (intermediate)

ILIOCOSTALIS (lateral)- ilium to ribs

A- collectively extend back, extend neck (spinalis, longissimus)

Note- frequently strained during heavy lifting, pregnancy

Term

 

 

ILIOPSOAS

Definition

ILIACUS

PSOAS MAJOR

Term

 

 

ILIACUS

Definition

l2. O- iliac fossa

 

I- lesser trochanter

Term

 

 

PSOAS MAJOR

Definition

l1. O- transverse processes of L3-L4

 

I- lesser trochanter

 

A- hip flexion, lateral rotation, lumbar flexion. deep hip flexors

Term

 

 

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Definition

l3. O- gluteal surface, sacrum, coccyx

 

I- gluteal tuberosity

 

A- hip extension, lateral rotation

Note- locomotion, bipedal stance

Term

 

 

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

Definition

l4. O- gluteal surface

 

I- greater trochanter

 

A- hip abduction and medial rotation

Note- site of intramuscular injections

Term

 

 

GLUTEUS MINIMUS

Definition

O- gluteal surface

 

I- lateral surface of greater trochanter

 

A- hip abduction and medial rotation

Note- smallest and deepest of posterior and lateral muscles of hip

Term

 

 

PIRIFORMIS

Definition

l5. O- anterior sacrum (spaces between first 4 anterior sacral foramen)

 

I- superior border of greater trochanter

 

A- hip abduction and lateral rotation

Note- Piriformis syndrome- on top of sciatic nerve

Term

 

 

DEEP LATERAL ROTATORS OF HIP

Definition

l7a. SUPERIOR GEMELLUS

l6. OBTURATOR INTERNUS

l7b. INFERIOR GEMELLUS

OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

l8. QUADRATUS FEMORIS

Term

 

 

TENSOR FASCIA LATAE

Definition

l9. O- iliac crest (anterior iliac spine)

 

I- iliotibial tract/band to lateral tibial condyle (Gerdy's tubercle). aponeurosis

 

A- hip abduction and flexion, tenses thigh

Term

 

 

SARTORIUS

Definition

l10. O- anterior superior iliac spine, crest

 

I- proximal medial tibia (on shaft)

 

A- hip and knee flexion, hip lateral rotation

Note- longest of body, Tailor's muscle. parallel, weak but fast.

Supporting users have an ad free experience!