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Muscles
Muscles
30
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/16/2014

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Term
FUNCTIONS OF MUSCLE
Definition
Movement
Stability
Control of body openings and passages
Heat production
Glycemic control
Term
5 GOLDEN RULES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIVITY
Definition
1. Most muscles cross at least one joint
2. Typically the bulk of the muscle lies proximally to the joint
3. All muscles have at least two attachments
Origin
Insertion
4. Muscles can only pull-not push
5. During contraction the muscle insertion moves towards the origin
Term
PRIME MOVER
Definition
BOSS Provides most of force, flexion at the elbow: Bachialis and Triceps
Term
SYNERGIST
Definition
WORKS TOGETHER Aids the prime mover, biceps brachii: stabilizes, restricts, modifies direction
Term
ANTAGONIST
Definition
WORKS AGAINST Opposes the prime mover: Triceps and Brachialis
Term
FIXATOR
Definition
ANCHORS Prevents bone from moving, hold it steady: Rhomboids
Term
FUSIFORM MUSCLES
Definition
Thick in the middle, tapered at the ends: Bicep Brachii
Term
PARALLEL MUSCLES
Definition
have fairly uniform width and parallel fasciles:REctus Abdominus
Term
TRIANGULR (CONVERGENT) MUSCLES
Definition
Fan-shaped, broad at one end and narrower at the other: Pectoralis Major.
Term
PUNNATE MUSCLES
Definition
Feather-shaped, insert obliquely on a tendon that runs the length of the muscle, like the shaft of a feather:
unipennate: all fascicles approach tendon from one side
PALMAR INTEROSSEOUS MUSCLE (hand)
bipenate: fascisles approach tendon from both sides
RECTUS FEMORIS
multipennate: a bunch of feather coming together DELTOID
Term
SIT-UPS
Definition
Prime mover abdominal, hipe
Synergists obliques, rectus femoris
Term
I band=light band
A band=dark band
Definition
Myofibrils are aligned giving distinct bands.
purple/orange stack are A band
Term
SARCOMERE
Definition
Contractile unit of a muscle fiber.
Term
MYOFILAMENTS-THICK
Definition
Myosin filaments
Term
MYOFILAMENTS-THIN
Definition
Actin filaments
Term
G-ACTIN (GLOBULAR)
Definition
Myosin attach for muscle movement, needs calcium to contract.
Term
TROPOMYOSIN
Definition
Lies over actin backbone (ribbon like)
Term
TROPONIN
Definition
Attached to Tropomyosin (snail like shell)
Term
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Definition
Stores Calcium
Term
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS
Definition
association site of neuron and muscle
Term
FAST TWITCH FIBERS
Definition
White-Fast glycolytic
Large diameter
Densely packed myofibrils
Fewer mitochondria
Fibers fatigue rapidly
Term
SLOW TWITCH FIBERS
Definition
Red/ Slow oxidative more myoglobin
myoglobin is 02 transporting protein
More mitochondria
Smaller diameter, takes 3x long to contract
Term
ADT
Definition
Fuel for muscle contractions
Term
3rd CLASS LEVER
Definition
Fulcrum at one end
Resistance in opposite end
Effort is in between
Great speed and distance
Biceps Brachii
Term
2nd CLASS LEVER
Definition
Fulcrum at one end
Effort at opposite end
Resistance in between
Calf Muscle
Term
1st CLASS LEVER
Definition
Fulcrum in middle
Effort at one end
Resistance at the opposite end
head /neck
Term
BREVIS
Definition
Short muscle
Term
MAGNUS
Definition
Big muscle
Term
MAXIMUS
Definition
Biggest muscle
Term
MEDIUS
Definition
Medium muscle
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