Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 4
Muscles
49
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Definition

-only in heart

-striated, branched

-intercalated discs

-involuntary

Term
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Definition

-walls of hallow organs

-no striations, involuntary

-single nucleus

Term
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Definition

-striated, multinucleate

-voluntary

Term
Skeletal Muscle
Definition

-organ of muscular system

-connective tissue separates the layers

Term
Endomysium
Definition
surrounds each muscle fiber
Term
Perimysium
Definition
surrounds fascicles
Term
Epimysium
Definition

surrounds entire muscle

 

combines to form tendons and attaches mucle to muscles and bones

Term
Skeletal Muscle Cells
Definition

-covered by a plasma membrane(sarcolemma)

-contains myofibrils to contract

Term
Myofibrils
Definition

rodlike structures, 80% of cell volume

 

made of sarcomeres

Term
Sarcomere
Definition

functional unit of muscle cell

 

composed of contractile proteins actin(thin) and myosin(thick)

Term
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Definition

-smooth ER

-surrounds each myofibril

Term
Acetylcoline
Definition

initiates action potential in musle fiber,

travels through T tubule,

activates sarcoplasmic reticulum

Term
Motor Unit
Definition

A motor neuron and all muscle fibers it supplies

 

small motor unit- small movement

large motor unit- large muscles

Term
Muscles of the Head
Definition

-muscles of facial expressions

-muscles of mastication and tongue movement

Term
Facial Expression Muscles
Definition

-insert into the skin

-facial nerve, causes movement of face

-express emotions

Term
Acessory Muscles of Facial Expression
Definition

1. Risorius- pulls corners of mouth

2. Mentalis- mandibular synthesis

3. Nasalis- maxia/nasal..nostril flare

4. Zygomaticus- major&minor

5. Lip movements

Term
Circular Muscles of the Face
Definition

1. Orbiclaris oculi- around the eye

2. orbicularis oris- around the mouth

Term
Mastication
Definition

mastication= chewing (trigemnal nerve)

 

 

Term
Muscles of Tongue Movement
Definition

-hypoglossal nerve

 

1. hyoglossus- from hyiod bone

2. styloglossus- from styloid process of temporal bone

3. genioglossus- from mandibular symphysis

Term
Platysma
Definition

Most anterior neck muscle

 

2 groups:

1. suprahyoid-swallowing, floor of oral cavity

2. infrahyoid-swallowing and speech

Term
Muscles of the Neck
Definition

Sternocleidomastoid- origin: the sternum

mastoid process, major head flexor

Term
Muscles of Vertebral Column
Definition

1. Ilocostalis- most lateral group

2. longissimus-intermediate group

3. spinalis- medial muscle group

Term
Muscles of the Thorax
Definition

Diaphragm- major breathing muscle between thoracic and abdominalpelvic cavities

 

external intercostals-inspirtations

internal intercostals-forced expiration

Term
Anterior Muscles of Shoulder Girdle
Definition

pectoralis minor- coracoid process of scalpula

 

serratus anterior- sawtooth originated on ribs

 

subclavis- innervates into clavicle

Term
Posterior Shoulder Girdle
Definition

Trapezius- most superficial back muscle, large trapazoid shape

 

Levator scapulae- elevates scalpula

 

Rhomboids- media border of scalpula

Term
4 muscles of ABS
Definition

1. external obliques-runs at an angle

2. internal obliques-opposite angle of external

3.transversus abdominis-deepest

4. rectus abdominis- flexes vertical column

Term
Prime Movers of the Arm
Definition

1. Pectoralis major- superficial chest muscl, arm flexion, greater tubercle of humerus

2. Latissimus dorsi- covers lower back and arm extension

3. Deltoid- deltoid tuberosity and arm abduction

Term
Muscles of the Rotator Cuff
Definition

1. Supraspinatus

2. Infraspinatus

3. Teres minor

4. Subscapularis

-reinforce capsule of the shoulder

Term
Anterior Flexor Mucsles of the Forearm
Definition

Biceps bbrachii- two heads, superficial

Brachialis- deeper

Brachioradialis- inst. into radius

Term
Posterior Muscles of Forearm
Definition
Triceps Brachii- forearm extension, 3 headed origin
Term
Forearm Anterior Flexors
Definition

1. Carpi radialis- lateral wrist flexor

2.Carpi ulnaris- medial wrist flexor

3. Palmaris longus

4. Flexor digitorum muscles- finger flexor

5. Pollicis longus- thumb flexor

 

Term
Pronators
Definition
turns palms down
Term
Supinator
Definition
turns palms up
Term
Forearm Posterior Extensors
Definition

1. Carpi radials- lateral wrist extension

2. Carpi ulnaris- medial wrist extension

3. Digitorum- finger extension

4. Indicis- index finger

5. Pollicis- thumb extensor

6. Abductor pollicis longus- thumb abductor

Term
Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand
Definition

-small and weak muscles

-lie entirely within the palm of your hand

-control precise movements of the metacarpals and fingers

Term

Thenar eminence

(ball of thumb)

Definition

-contains muscles that move the thumb

*abduction             *extension

*adduction         *flexion

*opposition                     

Term

Hypothenar eminence

(ball of the little finger)

Definition

contains musles for little finger movements

 

digiti minimi = little finger

Term
Muscles Crossing Hip&Knee Joints
Definition

Anterior muscles flex hip and extend the knee

 

Posterior muscles extend thigh and flex the leg

 

Medial muscles adduct the thigh

Term
Adductors
Definition

on the anterior part of the leg (thigh)

 

 

gracilis- superficial muscle of medial thigh

Term
Thigh Flexors
Definition

pass in front of the hip joint

 

 

iliopsoas=prim mover of flexion

sartorius=strap like muscle that flexes/rotates leg

Term
Thigh Extenders
Definition

Hamstings- prim mover of extension

 

1. biceps femoris

2. semiendinosus

3. semimmranosus

 

gluteus maximus= prime mover during forceful extension

Term
Abductors of the Thigh
Definition

-gluteal muscles

-maximus-prime mover

-medius

-minimus

Term
Muscles that move the knee joint
Definition

- quadriceps femoris- sole extensor of knee

-rectus femoris

-vastus medialis

-vastus lateralis

-vastus intermedius

Term
Hamstrings
Definition

main flexor of the knee

 

-biceps femoris

-semitendinosis

-semimembranosis

Term
Ankle & Foot Movements
Definition

Ankle- dorsiflexion & plantar flexion,

 inversion & eversion of the foot

 

Toes- flexion & extension

Term
Muscles of the Anterior Leg
Definition

-Primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors

 

-Tibial anterior- main dorsiflexor

-extensor digitorum longus

-extensor hallucis longus

Term
Muscles of Lateral Leg
Definition

eversion of the foot

&

fibularis mucles

Term
Muscles of Posterior Leg
Definition

- Plantar Flexion

- Gastrocnemius = calf muscle

- Soleus = deep to gastrocnemius

 

-Flexors of the toes

-Tibialis posterior

-flexor digitorum longus

-flexor hallucis longus

Term
ntrinsic Muscles of the Foot
Definition

-Help flex, extend, abduct, and adduct the toes

 

-support arches of the foot along with some leg tendons

Supporting users have an ad free experience!