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Muscles Part 1
Human Anatomy - Dr. Gardner
75
Anatomy
Not Applicable
10/26/2011

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Term
What primary tissue type makes up the bulk of a skeletal muscle sucha as the biceps brachii?
What other tissue types form skeletal muscles?
Definition
Muscle Tissue
Connective, Nervous, and Epithelial Tissues
Term
What is the study of muscle?
Definition
Myology
Term
List the four characteristics of muscle tissue.
Definition
Excitability
Elasticity
Extensibility
Contractability
Term
What is another term for a skeletal muscle cell?
Definition
Muscle Fibers
Term
List the five functions of muscle.
Definition
Body Movement
Maintenance of Posture
Temperature Regulation
Storage and Movement of Materials
Support
Term
What is an expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue that separates individual muscles, binds together muscles with similar functions, forms sheaths to help distribute nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, and to fill spaces between muscle?
Definition
Deep Fascia
Term
What layer of tissue is composed of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue that separates muscle from skin?
Definition
Superficial Fascia
Term
What are cordlike structures that attach muscle to bone, skin, or other structures?
Definition
Tendons
Term
What are sheets of tissue that connect muscle to bone, skin, or other structures?
Definition
Aponeuroses
Term
Which attachment of a muscle usually remains stationary when a muscle contracts?
Definition
Origin
Term
Which attachment of a muscle usually moves when a muscle contracts?
Definition
Insertion
Term
What is the enlarged, fleshy portion of a muscle made up of muscle fibers?
Definition
Belly
Term
What is a muscle producing a particular movement called?
Definition
Agonist
(Prime Mover)
Term
What is a muscle whose actions oppose those of the prime mover?
Definition
Antagonist
Term
What is a muscle that assists the prime mover in its action?
Definition
Synergist
Term
What are the six criteria for the naming of muscles?
Definition
Muscle Action
Specific Body Regions
Muscle Attatchments
Orientations of Muscle Fibers
Muscle Shape and Size
Muscle Heads or Tendons of Origin
Term
Define axial muscles
Definition
Muscles that have both their orighins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton
Term
Identify the sphincter muscle originating medially on the bones of the orbit and inserting on the tissue of the eyelids. It permits blinking, winking and squinting.
Definition
Orbicularis
Term
Identify the muscle located in the ocular region, but not attached to the eyeball. Arises from the under surface of the small wing of the sphenoid.
Inserts on the eyelik and acts to raise it
Definition
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Term
Identify the compicated, multilayered muscle with most of its fivers running circularly from the facial node. Its fibers insert in skin, mucosa of the lips, and muscles around the orifice of the oral cavity. It closes the lips and aids in persuin the pips as in kissing.
Definition
Orbicularis Oris
Term
What is the thin, superficial, sheet-like muscle originating on the facia of the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles and inserting on the lower border of the mandible and the corners of the mouth? It draws the corners of the mouth downward and may assist in opening the mouth?
Definition
Platysma
Term
Temporalis: Origin
Definition
Temporal fossa and deep surface of temporal facia
Term
Temporalis: Insertion
Definition
Coronoid process of the mandible
Term
Temporalis: Action
Definition
Elevates the mandible
Term
Masseter: Origin
Definition
Zygomatic Arch
Term
Masseter: Insertion
Definition
Lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible
Term
Masseter: Action
Definition
Elevates and protracts mandible
Term
Medial Pterygoid Muscle: Origin, Deep Head
Definition
Medial surface of lateral ptyergoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Term
Medial Pterygoid muscle: Origin, Superficial Head
Definition
Tuberosity of the Maxilla
Term
Medial Pterygoid Muscle: Insertion
Definition
Medial ramus of the mandible
Term
Medial Pterygoid Muscle: Action
Definition
Elevates and protracts mandible
Moves mandible medially
Term
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Origin, Superior Head
Definition
Infratemporal surface ad infratemporal crest o greater wing of the sphenoid bone
Term
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Origin, Inferior Head
Definition
Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
Term
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Insertion, Superior Head
Definition
Articular disc and capsule of temporomandibular joint
Term
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Insertion, Inferior Head
Definition
Anterior side of the mandibular condyloid process
Term
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Action
Definition
Protracts Mandible
Term
What are muscles whose origin and insertion are both within the structure under consideration?
Definition
Intrinsic
Term
What are muscles who have their origin outside of the structure unnder consideration?
Definition
Extrinsic
Term
Digastric: Origin, Anterior Belly
Definition
Digastric fossa of the mandible
Term
Digastric: Origin, Posterior Belly
Definition
Mastoid groove
(Notch of the temporal bone)
Term
Digastric: Instertion
Definition
Hyoid Bone
Term
Digastric: Action
Definition
Depresses Mandible
Elevates Hyoid Bone
Term
Sternoceidomastoid: Origin, Sternal Head
Definition
Ventral surface of the manubrium
Term
Sternocleidomastoid: Origin, Clavicular Head
Definition
Cranial surface of medial third of clavicle
Term
Sternocleidomastoid: Insertion
Definition
Lateral surface of mastoid process and superior nuchal line of occipital bone
Term
Sternoceidomastoid: Action
Definition
Turns head side to side
Flexes neck and head
Term
Scalenes: Origin
Definition
Transvere Processes of cervical verebrae
Term
Sclaenes: Insertion
Definition
First and second ribs
Term
Scalenes: Action
Definition
Flexes neck laterally
Elevates rib cage
Term
Idenify: a massive extensor consistion of three groups that are found from the sacrum to the skull and work to extend the spine. Or, if only one side contracts, to bring about lateral flexion
Definition
Erector Spinae
Term
Quadratus Lumborum: Origin
Definition
Illiac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Term
Quadratus Lumborum: Insertion
Definition
Transverse prosses of the lumbar vertebrae and the twelfth rib
Term
Quadratus Lumborum: Action
Definition
Contraction of one side flexes the vertebral column laterally.
Contraction of both sides extends the vertebral column
Term
External Intercostals: Origin
Definition
Inferior border of a rib from costal tubercle to end of rib at articulation with costal cartilage
Term
External Intercostals: Insertion
Definition
Superior border of rib just inferior to rib of origin
Term
External Intercostals: Action
Definition
Elevates ribs during inspiration as needed
Term
Internal Inercostals: Origin
Definition
Superior border of a rib from costal angle to sternum
Term
Internal Intercostals: Insertion
Definition
Inferior border of rib just superior to rib of origin
Term
Internal Intercostals: Action
Definition
Interchondral portion elevates and draws ribs together during inspiration as needed.
Interosseous portion depresses and draws ribs together during expiration as needed
Term
Diaphragm: Origin
Definition
Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of last six ribs aand lumbar vertebrae
Term
Diaphragm: Insertion
Definition
Central Tendon
Term
Diaphragm: Action
Definition
Pulls central tendon inferiorly
Term
Internal Abdominal Obliques: Origin
Definition
Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia
Term
External Abdomial Obliques: Origin
Definition
External surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs
Term
External Abdominal Obliques: Insertion
Definition
Anterior half of iliac crest, pubic tubercle, and linea alba
Term
External Abdominal Obliques: Action
Definition
Compresses and supports abdominal viscera;
Flexes and rotates trunk
Term
Transversus Abdominis: Origin
Definition
Iliac craest, inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, and costal cartilage of the last six ribs
Term
Transversus Abdominis: Instertion
Definition
Xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubis
Term
Transversus Abdominus: Action
Definition
Compresses and supports abdominal viscera
Term
Rectus Abdominus: Origin
Definition
Pubic crest and symphisis pubis
Term
Rectus Abdominis: Insertion
Definition
Costal cartilages of fifth through eleventh ribs and xiphoid process
Term
Rectus Abdominis: Action
Definition
Flexes vertebral column.
Compresses and supports abdominal viscera
Term
How might the sternocleidomastoid aid in respiration?
Definition
It elevates the rib cage
Term
What muscle forms the bulge on either side of the median furrow?
Definition
Erector Spinae
Term
What muscle closes the eye?
Definition
Orbicularis Oculi
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