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Muscles of the Musculoskeletal System
Muscles and their origins and insertions
82
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
06/10/2012

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Cards

Term

Biceps Brachii

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • long head - supraglenoid tubercle
    • short head - coracoid process
  • Insertion:
    • posterior part of the radial tuberosity
  • Action:
    • strong elbow flexor 
    • weak shoulder flexor 
    • strong supinator
      • when elbow is flexed
  • Nerve Supply:musculocutaneous

 

Term

Brachialis

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:

 

Definition
  • Origin:
    • anterior humerus at the lower half
  • Insertion:
    • coronoid process of ulna
  • Action:
    • strong elbow flexor
  • Nerve Supply:
    • musculocutaneous

 

Term

Triceps Brachii

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • origin:
    • long head - infraglenoid tubercle
    • medial head - posterior humerus inferior to the radial groove
    • lateral head - posterior part of the humerus below the greater tubercle
  • insertion: 
    • olecranon of the ulna
  • action:
    • strong elbow extensor 
    • long head is a weak shoulder extensor and adductor.
  • nerve supply: 
    • radial
Term

Pronator Teres

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • medial epicondyle of the humerus
    • coronoid process of the ulna
  • Insertion:
    • lateral part radius mid shaft
  • Action:
    • strong pronator 
    • weak elbow flexor
  • Nerve Supply:
    • median
Term

Pronator quadratus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • distal quarter of the anterior ulnar shaft
  • Insertion:
    • distal quarter of the anterior radius
  • Action:
    • strong pronator
    • keeps radius and ulna together
  • Nerve Supply:
    • median
Term

Supinator

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • lateral epicondyle of the humerus
    • lateral part of the olecranon process of the ulna
  • Insertion:
    • upper 1/3 of the lateral radius
  • Action:
    • strong supinator
  • Nerve Supply: 
    • deep branch of the radial (posterior interosseus)

 

Term

Flexor Carpi Radialis

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:

 

Definition
  • Origin:
    • medial epicondyle of the humerous
  • Insertion:
    • base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
  • Action:
    • strong wrist flexor
    • abducts wrist
    • weak elbow flexor
  • Nerve Supply:
    • median
Term

flexor carpi ulnaris

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • medial epicondyle of the humerus
    • olecranon process of the ulna
  • Insertion:
    • pisiform
    • hamate
    • base of the 5th metacarpal
  • Action:
    • strong wrist flexor 
    • adducts wrist
    • weak elbow flexor
    • stabilises the wrist during finger extension
  • Nerve Supply:
Term

Extensor carpi radialis longus 

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
  • Insertion:
    • base of the 2nd metacarpal
  • Action:
    • strong wrist extensor 
    • abducts wrist
  • Nerve Supply:
    • radial
Term

extensor carpi ulnaris

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • lateral epicondyle of the humerus
    • posterior surface of the ulna
  • Insertion:
    • base of the 5th metacarpal
  • Action:
    • strong wrist extensor
    • adducts wrist
  • Nerve Supply:
    • deep branch of the radial

 

Term
extrinsic muscles of the hand
Definition
belly lies proximal to the hand and tendons enter the hand
Term
intrinsic muscles of the hand
Definition
the muscle belly is located fully within the hand
Term

musculocutaneous nerve

  • muscles innervated:
  • arises from:
Definition
  • muscles innervated:
    • anterior arm muscles
    • coracobrachialis
    • biceps brachii
    • Brachialis
  • arises from:
    • C5, C6
  • tracks through the coracobrachialis
Term

Median Nerve

  • muscles innervated:
  • arises from:
Definition
  • muscles innervated:
    • most anterior forearm muscles
    • pronator teres
    • pronator quadratus
    • Flexor carpi radialis
  • arises from:
    • C5-T1
  • runs down the middle fo the arm anteriorly under biceps brachii and through the carpal tunnel at the wrist
Term

Radial nerve

  • muscles innervated:
  • arises from:
Definition
  • muscles innervated:
    • triceps brachii
    • lateral part of the brachialis
    • Extensor carpi radialis longus
    • extensor carpi ulnaris
    • supinator
  • arises from:
    • C5-C8
  • posterior to axillary artery tracks in the spiral groove of the humerus and enters the forearm near the lateral epicondyle
Term

Auxillary nerve

  • muscles innervated:
Definition
  • muscles innervated:
    • deltoid
    • teres major
  • crosses posterior and inferior to the shoulder capsule
Term

Ulnar Nerve

  • muscles innervated:
  • arises from:
Definition
  • muscles innervated:
    • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
  • arises from:
    • C8-T1
  • runs medially down the arm and by the medial epicondyle creating the funny bone.

 

Term
Subclavian artery
Definition

innervates the neck and anterior chest wall

  • trapezius
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids
Term
Axillary artery
Definition

innervates the anterior chest and axilla

  • Pectoralis major and minor
  • Teres Major 
  • Serratus Anterior 
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Deltoid
  • Rotator Cuff
  • Subclavius
Term
Brachial artery
Definition

innervates the arm

  • biceps brachii
  • triceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis
Term

Radial Artery

 

Definition

innervates the wrist extensor muscles

  • supinator
Term

Ulnar artery

 

Definition

innervates the wrist flexor muscles

  • pronator teres
  • pronator quadratus
Term
veins of the upper limb
Definition
  • Cephalic - Lateral
  • Basilic - medial
  • connected by the median cubital vein
  • median antebrachial vein
Term

Subclavius

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:

 

Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • costal cartilage of rib 1
  • Insertion:
    • middle 1/3 of the inferior surface of the clavicle
  • Action:
    • stabilises and depresses the pectoral girdle
  • Nerve Supply:
    • subclavius

 

Term

Pectoralis minor

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • anterior surface of ribs 3-5
  • Insertion:
    • coracoid process of the scapula
  • Action:
    • medially rotates the scapula
    • scapula protraction and depression - when ribs are fixed
    • elevates ribs (helps inspiration) - when clavicle is fixed
  • Nerve Supply:
    • pectoral nerve
Term

Serratus Anterior

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • finger-like attachments to ribs 1-8 on the anterolateral side
  • Insertion:
    • anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
  • Action:
    • protraction
    • depression 
    • lateral rotation of the scapula
    • stabilises scapula
  • Nerve Supply:
    • thoracic
Term

Trapezius

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • external occipital protuberance
    • ligamentum nuchae
    • spinous processes of C7-T12
  • Insertion:
    • posterior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
    • medial border of the acromium
    • upper border of the scapula spine (upper 1/3)
  • Action:
    • stabilises scapula for upper limb movements
    • upper - elevation
    • middle - retraction 
    • lower - depression
    • laterally rotates the scapula
  • Nerve Supply:
    • accessory nerve
Term

Levator Scapulae

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • transverse processes of C1-C4
  • Insertion:
    • medial border of the scapula superior to it's spine
  • Action:
    • stabilises scapula
    • elevation 
    • medial rotation
    • resists downward movement with heavy loads
  • Nerve Supply:
    • scapular nerve
Term

Rhomboids

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • spinous processes of C7-T5
  • Insertion:
    • medial border of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle
  • Action:
    • retract scapula
    • medially rotate scapula
    • important stabiliser 

 

Term

Latissimus Dorsi

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • indirectly onto spines of T6-L3
    • lower 3 ribs
    • inferior angle of the scapula
  • Insertion:
    • lower 1/2 of the bicipital groove
      • intertubercular sulcus
  • Action:
    • strong shoulder extensor
    • strong adductor
    • strong medial rotator of the shoulder
    • retracts pectoral girdle when arm is fixed
  • Nerve Supply:
    • thoracodorsal

 

Term

Pectoralis major

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • medial 1/2 anterior clavicle
    • anterior surface of the sternum
    • upper 6 costal cartilage
  • Insertion:
    • lateral edge of the lower half of the bicipital groove
  • Action:
    • strong shoulder flexion
    • strong adductor
    • strong medial rotator of the shoulder
  • Nerve Supply:
    • pectoral

 

Term

Deltoid

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • lateral 1/3 of anterior clavicle
    • lower edge of the scapular spine
    • acromion
  • Insertion:
    • deltoid tuberosity on the lateral humerus
  • Action:
    • middle fibres - strong abductor
    • anterior fibres - aid flexion and medial rotation
    • posterior - aid extension and lateral rotation
  • Nerve Supply
    • axillary

 

Term

Teres Major

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula on posterior surface
  • Insertion:
    • medial border of the bicipital groove of the humerus
  • Action:
    • adductor
    • extensor 
    • medial rotator
  • Nerve Supply:
    • subscapular

 

Term

Coracobrachialis

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • coracoid process
  • Insertion:
    • medial side of the shaft of the humerus at the midpoint
  • Action:
    • adductor
    • weak shoulder flexor
  • Nerve Supply:
    • musculocutaneous
Term

Rotator Cuff Muscle:

Supraspinatus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • supraspinous fossa
  • Insertion:
    • greater tubercle
  • Action:
    • starts abduction for Deltoid
    • holds humerus head in glenoid fossa
  • Nerve Supply:
    • suprascapular
Term

Rotator Cuff Muscle

Infraspinatus:

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • infraspinous fossa
  • Insertion:
    • greater tubercle
  • Action:
    • lateral rotation of the arm
    • facilitates abduction
  • Nerve Supply:
    • suprascapular
Term

Rotator Cuff muscle:

Teres Minor

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • posterior upper half of the medial border of the scapula
  • Insertion:
    • greater tubercle
  • Action:
    • lateral rotation of the arm
    • facilitates abduction
  • Nerve Supply:
    • axillary
Term

Rotator Cuff Muscle:

Subscapularis

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • anterior surface of the scapula
  • Insertion:
    • lesser tubercle of the humerus
  • Action:
    • medial rotation
    • controls downward displacement of the humerus when carrying heavy objects
  • Nerve Supply:
    • subscapular
Term

Iliopsoas

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • Psoas: transverse processes and bodies of T12-L5
    • Iliacus: upper 2/3 iliac fossa and crest
      • ala of sacrum
  • Insertion:
    • lesser trochanter of the femur
  • Action:
    • strong hip flexor
    • flexes trunk if the legs are fixed.
    • psoas: aids lateral flexion of vertebral column
  • Nerve supply:
    • psoas: ventral rami
    • iliacus: femoral

 

Term

Rectus Femoris

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
    • superior part of acetabulum
  • Insertion:
    • tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament
  • Action:
    • hip flexor
    • extends knee
  • Nerve supply:
    • femoral
Term

Sartorius

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • Insertion:
    • medial side of the tibia - medial to the tibial tuberosity
  • Action:
    • flexes hip
    • abducts hip
    • laterally rotates hip
    • flexes knee joint
  • Nerve supply:
    • femoral
Term

Tensor Fascia Lata

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • anterior iliac crest and ASIS
  • Insertion:
    • iliotibial tract - anterior lateral tibia below condyle - Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
  • Action:
    • hip flexor
    • abductor of hip
    • medial rotator of hip
    • extends the knee
  • Nerve supply:
    • Gluteal
Term

Gluteus Maximus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:

 

Definition
  • Origin:
    • posterior part of the ileum
    • lateral sacrum
    • coccyx processes
  • Insertion:
    • gluteal tuberosity of femur 
    • iliotibial tract 
  • Action:
    • strong hip extensor
    • lateral rotator of the hip
    • upper fibres aid abduction of hip
  • Nerve supply:
    • Gluteal
Term

Gluteus medius

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • posterior ileum between posterior and anterior gluteal lines
  • Insertion:
    • lateral part ofthe greater trochanter
  • Action:
    • strong abductor of hip
    • medial rotator of hip
  • Nerve supply:
    • gluteal

 

Term

Gluteus Minimus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • posterior ileum between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
  • Insertion:
    • anterior part of the greater trochanter
  • Action:
    • strong abductor of hip joint 
    • medial rotator
  • Nerve supply:
    • Gluteal
Term

Hamstrings:

Semitendinosus (ST)

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • medial ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion:
    • medial part of the tibial shaft
  • Action:
    • extends hip
    • flexes knee
    • medially rotates leg if knee is flexed
  • Nerve supply:
    • sciatic

 

Term

Hamstrings:

Semimembranosus (SM)

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • lateral ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion:
    • medial condyle of the tibia
  • Action:
    • extends hip 
    • flexes knee
    • medially rotates leg if the knee is flexed
  • Nerve supply:
    • sciatic
Term

Hamstrings:

Biceps Femoris

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • long head - medial ischial tuberosity
    • short head - linea aspera 
      • lateral supracondylar line of the femur
  • Insertion:
    • head of the fibula 
    • lateral condyle of the tibia
  • Action:
    • extends hip 
    • flexes knee
    • laterally rotates leg if knee is flexed
  • Nerve supply:
    • sciatic
    • short head - also common peroneal/fibula nerve
Term

Adductor Magnus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • Ischial and pubic rami
    • Ischial tuberosity
    • (anterior)
  • Insertion:
    • linea aspera 
    • adductor tubercle of the femur
  • Action:
    • strong adductor of hip
    • posterior fibres extend hip
    • medial rotator?
  • Nerve supply:
    • Obturator
    • Sciatic

 

Term

Adductor Longus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • Pubis near symphysis pubis
  • Insertion:
    • linea aspera of femur
  • Action:
    • strong adductor
    • flexes hip if extended
    • medially rotates hip?
  • Nerve supply:
    • obturator
Term

Adductor Brevis

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • body and inferior ramus of pubis
  • Insertion:
    • linea aspera (above longus)
  • Action:
    • adductor
  • Nerve supply:
    • Obturator

 

Term

Pectineus

  • Action:

 

Definition
  • Action:
    • adductor of hip
    • flexes hip
    • medially rotates hip?
Term

Gracilis

  • Action:
Definition
  • Action:
    • adductor of hip joint
    • flexes knee 
    • medially rotates knee
Term

Gastrocnemius

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • medial and lateral condyles of the femur
  • Insertion:
    • posterior calcaneous via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
  • Action:
    • strong plantar flexor
    • flexes the knee
  • Nerve Supply:
    • tibial

 

Term

Soleus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • posterior upper 1/3 fibula
    • soleal line of the tibia
    • interosseous membrane
  • Insertion:
    • posterior calcaneous via calcaneal tendon
  • Action:
    • strong plantar flexor
  • Nerve Supply:
    • tibial 
Term

Tibialis posterior

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • upper 1/2 of posterior tibia, fibula and interosseus membrane
    • tendon tracks posterior to medial malleolus and under the arch
  • Insertion:
    • tarsals (navicular and 1st cuneiform on medial and plantar surface)
    • base of metatarsals 2-4
  • Action:
    • inverts foot
    • plantarflexes ankle
  • Nerve Supply:
    • tibial
Term
Longus
Definition
attaches at distal phalanges
Term
Digitorum
Definition
attaches to lateral four toes
Term

Hallicus

 

Definition
attaches to the big/first toe
Term

Flexor digitorum longus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • middle 1/3 of posterior tibia
    • Tendon tracks behind medial malleolus and sustentaculum tali and along the plantar surface of the foot
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Term

Flexor Hallicus Longus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:

 

Definition
  • Origin:
    • middle half of the posterior fibula and interosseus membrane
  • Insertion:
    • plantar surface of the 1st distal phalanx
  • Action:
    • inverts foot
    • plantarflexes ankle
    • flexes big toe
  • Nerve Supply:
    • tibial
Term

Peroneus/Fibularis Longus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • head and upper 2/3 of the shaft of the lateral part of the fibula. 
  • Insertion:
    • plantar surface of the base of the first metatarsal and the first cuniform.
  • Action:
    • plantar flexor 
    • everter
  • Nerve Supply:
    • superficial peroneal

 

Term

peroneus/fibularis brevis

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition

 

  • Origin:
    • distal 2/3 shaft of the lateral fibula
  • Insertion:
    • lateral side of the base of the 5th metatarsal
  • Action:
    • plantarflexor
    • everter
  • Nerve Supply:
    • superficial peroneal

 

Term

Tibialis Anterior

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of the tibial shaft
    • interosseus membrane
  • Insertion:
    • medial surface of the first cuneiform
    • base of the first metatarsal (medial)
  • Action:
    • inversion
    • dorsiflexion
  • Nerve Supply:
    • deep peroneal
Term

Extensor Digitorum Longus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • lateral condyle of the tibia
    • proximal 3/4 of the fibula
    • interosseus membrane
  • Insertion:
    • base of the middle and distal phalanges (2-5)
  • Action:
    • toe extension
    • dorsiflexion
  • Nerve Supply:
    • deep peroneal

 

Term

Extensor hallicus longus 

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Nerve Supply:
Definition
  • Origin:
    • anteromedial shaft of the fibula (middle half)
    • interosseus membrane
  • Insertion:
    • distal big toe
  • Action:
    • extension of the big toe
    • dorsiflexion
  • Nerve Supply:
    • deep peroneal
Term
Lumbosacral Plexus
Definition
  • Anterior nerves -> obturator foramen
  • Posterior nerves -> greater sciatic foramen
  • Gluteal nerves 
Term
Femoral Nerve
Definition

Innervates anterior thigh muscles

  • iliacus
  • sartorius
  • rectus femoris
  • pectineus

tracks under the inguinal ligament

Term
Obturator Nerve
Definition

innervates medial thigh muscles

  • adductors
    • Magnus
    • Longus
    • Brevis
    • Gracilis
Term

Sciatic nerve

 

Definition

posterior thigh muscles

  • hamstrings
  • posterior adductor magnus
Term
Tibial nerve
Definition

innervates posterior leg muscles

  • plantarflexors
    • Gastrocnemius
    • Soleus
    • Flexor hallicus Longus
    • Flexor digitorum Longus
    • tibialis posterior

sciatic nerve divides at the popliteal fossa

Term
Deep Peroneal nerve 
Definition

innervates the anterior leg muscles

  • dorsiflexors
    • tibialis anterior
    • extensor digitorum longus
    • extensor hallicus longus
Term
Superficial peroneal nerve
Definition

innervates lateral leg muscles

  • evertors
    • peroneus longus 
    • peroneus brevis
Term
Internal iliac artery
Definition

anterior pelvis

  • iliopsoas
Term
Gluteal artery
Definition
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus minimus
  • gluteus medius
  • tensor fascia lata
  • biceps femoris (long head)
Term
Obturator Artery
Definition

medial thigh

  • adductor magnus
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • pectineus
  • gracilis
Term
Femoral Artery
Definition

anterior and posterior thigh muscles

  • rectus femoris
  • sartorius
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosis
  • semitendinosus
Term
popliteal artery
Definition
  • gastroccnemius
  • biceps femoris (short head)
Term
Anterior Tibial artery
Definition

anterior leg

  • tibialis anterior 
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallicus longus
Term
posterior tibial artery
Definition

posterior leg

  • tibialis posterior 
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallicus longus
  • soleus
Term
Peroneal/Tibial artery
Definition

lateral leg

  • peroneal longus
  • peroneal brevis
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