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Muscles of the Lower Limb
Muscles of the lower limb including the foot - Applied Anatomy
100
Anatomy
Graduate
10/06/2013

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Term
Adductor Hallicus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin(s)

Oblique Head - bases of 2nd through 4th metatarsals
Transverse Head - plantar ligaments of metatarsophalangeal joints

Insertion - Lateral surface of base of proximal phalange of first toe and lateral sesmoid bone
Term
Adductor Hallicus

Inervation and Action
Definition
Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

Adducts first digit and assists in maintaining transverse arch
Term
Plantar Interossei

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Bases of Third through fifth metatarsals

Insertion - medial surface of of proximal phalanges of third through fifth toes.
Term
Plantar Interossei

Innervation and Action
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve

Adduct and flex third through fifth toes (MTP joints)
Term
Dorsal Interossei

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Shafts of 1st through 5th metatarsals

Insertion -
1st: Medial surface of proximal phalange of second toe
2nd - 4th: Lateral surfaces of proximal phalange of 2nd through 4th toes
Term
Dorsal Interossei

Innervation and Action
Definition
Lateral Plantar

Abducts 2nd through 4th toes (MTP joints)
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Posterior Tibial Shaft

Insertion - Bases of lateral distal phalanges 2-5
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Flexes toes 2-5, plantarflexion and inversion
Term
Flexor Hallicus Longus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Posterior Fibular Shaft

Insertion - Base of First Distal Phalanx
Term
Flexor Hallicus Longus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Big toe flexion, plantarflexion, innversion
Term
Tibialis Posterior

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Posterior Tibial Shaft, interosseous membrane, and fibula

Insertion - Navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, and 2-4 metatarsal bones
Term
Tibialis Posterior

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Ankle plantarflexion and inversion
Term
Tibialis Anterior

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Proximal, lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

Insertion - Medial Cuneiform and first metatarsal
Term
Tibialis Anterior

Innervation and Action
Definition
Peroneal Nerve

Ankle Dorisflexion and inversion
Term
Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Calcaneal Tuberosity

Insertion - Divides into tendons that insert on 2nd through 5th toes
Term
Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Medial Plantar Nerve

Flexes 2nd through 5th Toes
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Lateral and Medial processes of the calcaneal tuberosity

Insertion - lateral base of the first phalanx of the fifth toe
Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi

Innervation and Action
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve

Abducts fifth toe
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Lateral condyle of the tibia, proximal anterior shaft of fibula, and interosseous membrane

Insertion - Middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd through 5th toes
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Peroneal Nerve

Extend 2nd through 5th toes, dorsiflexion and eversion
Term
Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Dorsal surface of the calcaneus

Insertion - 2nd through 4th toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons
Term
Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Deep Peroneal Nerve

Extend the 2nd through 4th toes
Term
Extensor Hallicus Longus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Middle anterior surface of the fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion - Distal Phalanx of the first toe
Term
Extensor Hallicus Longus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Deep Peroneal Nerve

Extend the 1st Toe, dorsiflexion, , inversion
Term
Flexor Hallicus Brevis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Middle half of the posterior fibula

Insertion - Distal phalanx of the first toe
Term
Extensor Hallicus Brevis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Flex the first toe
Term
Quadratus Plantae

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Medial and Lateral Aspects of Calcaneus

Insertion - Distal tendon of the flexor digit longus
Term
Quadratus Plantae

Innervation and Action
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve

Flexion of Phalanges 2-5 at MTP, PIP, and DIP
Term
Felxor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Base of the fifth metatarsal (Plantar surface) and distal tendon of fibularis longus

Insertion - Proximal Phalanx of at fifth metatarsal (plantar surface)
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Lateral Plantar Nerve

Flexion of 5th Phalanx at MTP joint
Term
Lumbricals

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Distal tendon of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion - Dorsal digital expansion
Term
Lumbricals

Innervation and Action
Definition
Medial and lateral plantar nerves

Flexion of phalanges 2-5 at MTP joints
Term
Gastrocnemius

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Medial and Lateral Condyle of the Femur

Insertion - Posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Term
Gastrocnemius

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Plantar flexion and assists knee flexion
Term
Plantaris

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Inferior lateral supracondylar ridge of femur

Insertion - Posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Term
Plantaris

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Plantar flexion
Term
Soleus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - proximal half of posterior surface of tibia

Insertion - Posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Term
Soleus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Plantar flexion
Term
Adductor Magnus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin -
(adductor) -inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
(hamstring) - ischial tuberosity

Insertion -
(adductor) - gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondyle line

(hamstring) - adductor tubercle of femur
Term
Adductor Magnus

Innervation and Action
Definition
(adductor) - Obturator Nerve
(hamstring) - Tibial nerve

Adducts thigh
(adductor) - flex thigh
(hamstring) - extend thigh
Term
Adductor Longus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Inferior to pubic crest

Insertion - Middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur
Term
Adductor Longus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Obturator nerve

Adducts thigh
Term
Adductor Brevis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion - pectineal line and proximal part of line aspera of femur
Term
Adductor Brevis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Obturator nerve

Adducts thigh and assists with extension
Term
Pectineus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Superior Ramus of the pubis

Insertion - Pectineal line of femur, inferior to the lesser trochanter
Term
Pectineus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Femoral Nerve

Adducts and flexes thigh, assists with medial rotation of thigh
Term
Piriformis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Anterior Surface of sacrum

Insertion - Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Term
Piriformis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Branches of anterior rami

Laterally rotate extended thigh, and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum
Term
Quadratus Femoris

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Lateral border of ischial tuberosity

Insertion - Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur and inferior to it
Term
Quadratus Femoris

Innervation and Action
Definition
Nerve to quadrature femoris

Laterally rotates thigh, steadies femoral head in acetabulum
Term
Superior Gemellus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Ischial Spine

Insertion - Medial Surface of Greater Trochanter
Term
Superior Gemellus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Same nerve supply as obturator internus

Laterally rotate extended thigh, and abduct flexed thigh, steady femoral head in acetabulum
Term
Multifidi

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - All Transverse process from C2/C5 to the sacrum

Insertion - Spinous process superior
Term
Multifidi

Innervation and Action
Definition
Dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves

Extension of spine, ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
Term
Iliacus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Iliac fossa and crest, ala of sacrum

Insertion - Lesser trochanter of femur (inserts as iliopsoas)
Term
Iliacus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Femoral Nerve

Flexion and external rotation of hip jointipsilateral bending of trunk, raises trunk from supine position
Term
Psoas Major

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Anterior surfaces of of lower borders of transverse process of L1-L5

Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur, inserts as iliopsoas tendon
Term
Psoas Major

Innervation and Action
Definition
Branches of ventral primary rami of spinal nerves

Flexion at hip joint, external rotation, bends lumbar vertebral column
Term
Psoas Minor

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - T12 - L1 vertebrae and related IV disks

Insertion - Iliopectineal arch
Term
Psoas Minor

Innervation and Action
Definition
Branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves

Flexion and lateral flexion of lumbar vertebral column, assists in upward rotation of pelvis
Term
Fibularis Longus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion - base of the first metatarsal and medial cueiform
Term
Fibularis Longus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Superficial fibular nerve

Foot eversion and weak plantarflexion
Term
Fibularis Brevis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Inferior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula

Insertion - Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral base of 5th metatarsal
Term
Fibularis Brevis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Innervation - Superficial fibular nerve

Foot eversion and weak plantar flexion
Term
Fibularis Tertius

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Inferior 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion - Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
Term
Fibularis Tertius

Innervation and Action
Definition
Deep Fibular Nerve

Dorisflexion and aids in foot eversion
Term
Sartorius

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - ASIS

Insertion - Superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)
Term
Sartorius

Innervation and Action
Definition
L2 and L3

Flexion, Abduction, Lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip, flexion and medial rotation at knee
Term
Gracilis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Body of inferior ramus of pubis

Insertion - superior part of the medial surface of the tibia (pes anserinus)
Term
Gracilis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Obturator nerve

Adducts thigh at hip, flexes at hip and knee, medially rotates the leg
Term
Politeus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus

Insertion - Posterior surface of tibia superior to soleal line
Term
Popliteus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial Nerve

Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it, medially rotates tibia
Term
Biceps Femoris

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - (long head) ischial tuberosity, (short head) line aspera of femur and lateral supracondylar line of femur

Insertion - lateral side of head of fibula
Term
Biceps Femoris

Innervation and Action
Definition
(long head) - tibial division of sciatic nerve
(short head) - common fibular division of sciatic nerve

flexes leg, and rotates it laterally when leg is flexed, also assists with femoral extension
Term
Semitendinosus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Ischial tuberosity

Insertion - medial surface of superior part of tibia
Term
Semitendinosus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Extends thigh, flexes leg (knee) and rotates it medially when flexed. When thigh and leg are flexed, can extend trunk.
Term
Semimembranosus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion - Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
Term
Semimembranosus

Innervation an Action
Definition
Tibial division of sciatic nerve

Extends thigh, flex leg and rotate medially when flexed, trunk extension
Term
Gluteus Maximus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Outer iliac blade, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

Insertion - Gluteal tuberosity of femur, IT Band of fascia latae
Term
Gluteus Maximus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Extends and laterally rotates thigh, and braces knee
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Iliac Crest, Anterior Iliac Surface

Insertion - IT Band of Fascia Latae
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae

Innervation and Action
Definition
Superior Gluteal Nerve

Flexes, Abducts, and Medially Rotates thigh
Term
Gluteus Medius

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Outer Iliac Blade

Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
Term
Gluteus Medius

Innervation and Action
Definition
Superior Gluteal Nerve

Abducts and medially rotates thigh
Term
Gluteus Minimus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Lateral surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Insertion - Greater trochanter of femur
Term
Gluteus Minimus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Superior Gluteal Nerve

Abducts and rotates thigh medially
Term
Rectus Femoris

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS), superior margin of acetabulum

Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Term
Rectus Femoris

Innervation and Action
Definition
Femoral Nerve

Extend leg, flex thigh
Term
Vastus Lateralis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Greater trochanter

Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Term
Vastus Lateralis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Femoral nerve

Extend leg at knee
Term
Vastus Medialis

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Linea aspera and intertrochanteric line

Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
Term
Vastus Medialis

Innervation and Action
Definition
Femoral Nerve

Extends knee and stabilizes patella
Term
Vastus Intermedius

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Anterior lateral aspect of femoral shaft

Insertion - Patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
Term
Vastus Intermedius

Innervation and Action
Definition
Femoral nerve

Extend leg at knee
Term
Inferior Gemellus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Proximal part of the tuberoscity of the ischium

Insertion - With the tendon of the obturator internus, into the medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur.
Term
Inferior Gemellus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Sacral Plexus

External rotation of the hip
Term
Obturator Internus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Pelvic surface of the ilium and ischium, obturator membrane

Insertion - Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
Term
Obturator Internus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Sacral Plexus

External Rotation and Abduction of the Hip
Term
Obturator Externus

Origin and Insertion
Definition
Origin - Rami of the pubis and ischium, external surface of the obturator membrane

Insertion - Trochanteric fossa of the femur
Term
Obturator Externus

Innervation and Action
Definition
Sacral Plexus

External Rotation and Adduction of the hip
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