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Muscles of the Head and Neck
Outlining the muscles of the head and neck
43
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/05/2014

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Cards

Term
Name the 3 groups of muscles in the neck
Definition
1. Sternocletomastoid 2. Scalene muscles 3. Strap muscles
Term
Name the 2 groups of muscles in the mouth
Definition
1. Floor muscles
2. Muscles of mastication
Term
What muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?
Definition
The sternocletomastoid
Term
Name the origin, insertion, and function of the sternocletomastoid
Definition
O: Manubrium and medial clavicle
I: Mastoid process
F: Turns head opposite way; both work at same time for "yes" motion
Term
What nerve innervates this muscle?
Definition
Spinal accessory (CN XI)
Term
What muscles are found in the posterior triangle?
Definition
The scalene muscles
Term
How many scalene muscles are there? How are they labelled?
Definition
3; divided into anterior, posterior and middle divisions
Term
Name the origin, insertion, and function of the anterior division, middle division and posterior division
Definition
O: Transverse process
I: Anterior - Scalene tubercle (of the first rib); Middle - behind it; Posterior - the second rib
F: Raise the thoracic cage as the secondary muscles of respiration
Term
What structure passes between the insertions of the anterior and middle divisions?
Definition
The subclavian artery
Term
What innervates the scalene muscles
Definition
Small twigs from the cervical nerves
Term
Name the 3 muscles of the floor of the mouth
Definition
1. Mylohyoid 2. Digastric 3. Stylohyoid 4. Geniohyoid
Term
Which muscle is the most important?
Definition
Mylohyoid
Term
Name the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the mylohyoid
Definition
O: Inside of the mandible
I: Hyoid bone and upon its opposite partner via a raphie
F: Elevates the hyoid bone
I: Mandibular nerve (V3)
Term
(T/F) The mylohyoid makes up the floor of the mouth
Definition
True
Term
What is a raphe?
Definition
A tendinous atachment that serves to attach two muscles
Term
Describe the divisions of the digastric muscle
Definition
Divided into anterior and posterior bellies
Term
What structure divides these bellies?
Definition
The central tendon
Term
What is the function of the tendon?
Definition
- Joins anterior and posterior bodies
Term
What is the tendinous loop?
Definition
The loop associated with the hyoid bone, that the central tendon of the digastric muscle runs through
Term
Where does the posterior belly originate? Where does the anterior belly insert? What is the action of this muscle?
Definition
Post: origin is the mastoid process
Ant: runs up the side of the genial tubercle, and inserts into the anterior mandible
Action: Depresses mouth and elevates hyoid
Term
What nerve(s) innervate this muscle?
Definition
Ant: Mandibular branch of CN V
Post: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
Name the origin, insertion, function, and innervation of the stylohyoid
Definition
O: Styloid process
I: Body of hyoid bone
F: Elevates the hyoid
I: Facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
Name the 4 muscles of mastication, and which nerve innervates them
Definition
1. Temporalis
2. Masseter
3. Medial pterygoid
4. Lateral pterygoid

- All innervated by the mandibular branch of CN V
Term
What portion of the skull does the temporalis occupy?
Definition
The temporal fossa
Term
Name the origin, insertion, function of the temporalis
Definition
O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process of mandible
F: Closes mouth - powerful, for biting
Term
What structure do the fibres of the temporalis pass through before their insertion?
Definition
The zygomatic arch
Term
Name the origin, insertion, function of the masseter
Definition
O: Zygomatic arch
I: Ramus of the mandible
F: Closes mouth - powerful, for biting
Term
Name the origin, insertion, function of the medial pterygoid
Definition
O: Lateral pterygoid plate
I: Deep to the angle of the jaw
F: Closes mouth - weaker, for chewing
Term
Name the origin, insertion, function of the lateral pterygoid
Definition
O: Greater wing and lateral pterygoid plate I: Neck of the mandibular condyle F: Closes mouth - weaker, for chewing; also protrudes the jaw
Term
Name the 3 prominent muscles of the pharynx
Definition
1. Superior constrictor
2. Middle constrictor
3. Inferior constrictor
Term
(T/F) These muscles have common origins and insertions
Definition
False, common insertion but unique origins
Term
(T/F) The 3 divisions overlap each other
Definition
True
Term
List the origin of each branch of constrictor muscles
Definition
Superior: medial pterygoid plate and pterygomandibular raphe
Middle: Styloidhyoid ligament and hyoid bone
Inferior: Thyroid and cricoid cartilages
Term
Describe the nervous supply to the constrictor muscles
Definition
All are supplied by the spinal accessory nerve
Term
Name the 3 main muscles of the face
Definition
1. Oribicularis oris
2. Obicularis occuli
3. Buccinator
Term
What nerve innervates these muscles?
Definition
CN VII
Term
Describe the positioning and function of the oris
Definition
Surrounds the mouth; protrudes the lips
Term
Describe the positioning and function of the occularis
Definition
Surrounds the orbit; contraction closes the eyes
Term
List the origin, insertion, and function of the buccinator
Definition
O: pterygomandibular raphe and the mandible
I: Corner of the mouth
F: Moves food around the mouth
Term
Name the two muscles of the scalp
Definition
1. Frontalis
2. Occipitalis
Term
Describe the origin and insertion of the frontalis muscle
Definition
O: Eyebrows
I: Fronto-occipital aponeurosis
Term
Describe the origin and insertion of the occipitalis muscle
Definition
O: Occipital bone
I: Fronto-occipital aponeurosis
Term
List the layers of the scalp, from outside in
Definition
1. Skin
2. Connective Tissue
3. Aponeurosis
4. Loose CT
5. Periosteium
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