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Muscles of the Forearm and Hand
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85
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/23/2016

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Term
1. pronator teres
2. flexor carpi radialis
3. palmaris longus
4. flexor carpi ulnaris
5. flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
what are the 5 muscles of the anterior forearm (superficial group)?
Term
index
Definition
pronator teres
Term
middle
Definition
flexor carpi radialis
Term
ring
Definition
palmaris longus
Term
pinky
Definition
flexor carpi ulnaris
Term
thumb
Definition
flexor digitorum superficialis
Term
1. medial epicondyle of humerous
2. coronoid process of ulna
Definition
where are the 2 points of origination for the pronator teres?
Term
medial epicondyle of humerous
Definition
what is the point of origin for the flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, and the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Term
middle of the lateral surface of the radius
Definition
what is the insertion of the pronator teres?
Term
pronator teres
Definition
this muscle makes up the medial wall of the cubital fossa
Term
palmaris longus
Definition
14% of people are missing this muscle
Term
pronates forearm (at radioulnar joints); flexes elbow
Definition
what are the 2 actions that the pronator teres can do?
Term
1. flexes hand (at wrist joint)
2. abducts hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the flexor carpi radialis?
Term
flexes hand at wrist joint
Definition
what is the action of the palmaris longus?
Term
1. flexes hand (at wrist joint)
2. adducts hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Term
flexes digits 2-5;
flexes hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Term
median nerve
Definition
what is the innervation of the anterior forearm muscles except for the flexor carpi ulnaris? (other forearm muscles: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor digitorum superficialis)
Term
ulnar nerve
Definition
what is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris? (part of the anterior forearm muscle group)
Term
1. flexor digitorum profundus
2. flexor pollicis longus
3. pronator quadratus
Definition
what are the 3 muscles of the anterior forearm (deep group)?
Term
flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
what muscle of the superficial group of the anterior forearm is deep to the rest of the four muscles?
Term
1. ulna
2. interosseous membrane
Definition
what are the 2 points of origination of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
Term
1. radius
2. interosseous membrane
Definition
what are the 2 points or origination of the flexor pollicis longus muscle?
Term
distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna
Definition
what is the origin of the pronator quadratus muscle?
Term
distal quarter of anterior surface of radius
Definition
what is the insertion of the pronator quadratus?
Term
1. flexes digits 2-5
2. flexes hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Term
flexes digit 1 (pollex)
Definition
what is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?
Term
pronates forearm (at radioulnar joints)
Definition
what is the action of the pronator quadratus?
Term
1. medial (ulnar) half: Ulnar nerve
2. Lateral (radial) half: Median nerve
Definition
what is the two innervations of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Term
flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
what muscle has 2 innervations?
Term
median nerve
Definition
what is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus and the pronator quadratus?
Term
pronator quadratus (gets helps from pronator teres)
Definition
what muscle is the prime mover in pronation?
Term
1. brachioradialis
2. extensor carpi radialis longus
3. extensor carpi radialis brevis
4. extensor digitorum
5. extensor digit minimi
6. extensor carpi ulnaris
7. anconeus
Definition
what are the 7 muscles of the posterior forearm (superficial group)?
Term
ridge superior to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (lateral supracondylar ridge)
Definition
what is the origin of the brachioradialis and the extensor carpi radialis longus?
Term
lateral epicondyle of humerus
Definition
what is the origin of the extensor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum, extensor digit minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and the anconeus?
Term
lateral surface of distal end of radius just proximal to styloid process
Definition
what is the insertion of the brachioradialis?
Term
flexes forearm (at elbow joint)
Definition
what is the action of the brachioradialis?
Term
1. extends hand (at wrist joint)
2. abducts hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Term
extends digits 2-5
extends hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the extensor digitorum?
Term
1. extends digit 5 (minimi)
2. extends hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the extensor digit minimi?
Term
extends hand (at wrist joint)
adducts hand (at wrist joint)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Term
extends forearm (at elbow joint)
Definition
what is the action of the anconeus?
Term
triceps brachii
Definition
what is the main extensor of the forearm?
Term
brachioradialis
Definition
this muscle makes up the lateral border of the cubital fossa
Term
radial nerve
Definition
what nerve innervates all of the posterior forearm (superficial group) muscles?
Term
opposition
Definition
what movement is it when the thumb touches the tips of digits 2,3,4,5?
Term
anterior
Definition
does the thumb go anterior or laterally when abducting?
Term
thenar eminence
Definition
the base of the thumb muscles
Term
1. abductor pollicis brevis
2. opponens pollicis
3. flexor pollicis brevis
Definition
what are the 3 muscles of the thenar eminence?
Term
median nerve
Definition
what nerve innervates all three of the thenar eminence muscles?
Term
1. supinator
2. abductor pollicis longus
3. extesnor pollicis brevis
4. extensor pollicis longus
5. extensor indicis
Definition
what are the 5 deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
Term
lateral epicondyle of humerus
crest of ulna
Definition
what are the 2 points of origination of the supinator?
Term
ulna
radius
interosseus membrane
Definition
what are the 3 points of origin of the abductor pollicis longus?
Term
radius
interosseous membrane
Definition
what are the 2 points of origin on the extensor pollicis brevis?
Term
1. ulna
2. interosseus membrane
Definition
what are the 2 points of origin of the extensor pollicis longus?
Term
ulna
interosseus membrane
Definition
what are the 2 points of origin of the extensor indicis?
Term
all surfaces of proximal third of radius
Definition
what is the insertion of the supinator?
Term
supinates forearm (at radioulnar joints)
Definition
what is the action of the supinator?
Term
1. abducts digit 1
2. extends digit 1
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the abductor pollicis longus?
Term
extends digit 1
Definition
what is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis and the extensor pollicis longus?
Term
extends digit 2
Definition
what is the action of the extensor indicis?
Term
radial nerve
Definition
what nerve innervates all of the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
Term
supinator
Definition
what makes up the floor of the cubital fossa but is also deep to the brachialis?
Term
palm side
Definition
are the intrinsic muscles of the hands found on the palm side or dorsal side of the hands?
Term
hypothemar eminence
Definition
the base of the 5th digit; located on palm side
Term
1. abductor digiti minimi
2. flexor digiti minimi brevis
3. opponens digiti minimi
Definition
What are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?
Term
ulnar nerve
Definition
what nerve innervates the 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?
Term
abducts digit 1 (pollex)
Definition
what is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis?
Term
1. abductor pollicis brevis
2. opponens pollicis
3. flexor pollicis brevis
4-5. lumbricals 1 & 2
Definition
what 5 muscles does the median nerve innervate in the hand?
Term
opposes digit 1 (movement occurs at the carpometacarpal joint between the trapezium and 1st metacarpal)
Definition
what is the action of the opponens pollicis?
Term
flexes digit 1
Definition
what is the action of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Term
adducts digit 1
Definition
what is the action of the adductor pollicis?
Term
1. adductor pollicis
2. palmaris brevis
3. abductor digiti minimi
4. flexor digiti minimi brevis
5. opponens digiti minimi
6-7. lumbricals 3 and 4
8. dorsal interossei
9. palmar interossei
Definition
what 9 instrinsic muscles of the hand are all innervated by the ulnar nerve?
Term
extensor retinaculum
Definition
a transverse band located posteriorly that holds down the extensor tendons across the back of the wrist
Term
flexor retinaculum
Definition
transverse band that stretches anteriorly to wrist; holds down flexor tendons
Term
flexor retinaculum and carpal bones
Definition
what two things create the carpal tunnel?
Term
median nerve and flexor tendons
Definition
what two things goes through the carpal tunnel?
Term
carpal tunnel syndrom
Definition
reduces size of carpal tunnel which then would put pressure on the median nerve and that can cause a loss of sensation or a tingling sensation
Term
wrinkles skin of palm to aid in gripping
Definition
what is the action of the palmaris brevis?
Term
abducts digit 5 (minimus)
Definition
what is the action of the abductor digiti minimi?
Term
flexes digit 5 (minimus)
Definition
what is the action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Term
flexes and rotates digit 5 (minimus) bringing digit 5 into opposition with digit 1 (pollex)
Definition
what is the action of the opponens digiti minimi?
Term
1. flexes digits 2-5 (at metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints)
2. extends digits 2-5 (inter-phalangeal (IP) joints)
Definition
what are the 2 actions of the four lumbricals?
Term
abduct digits
Definition
dorsal interossei
Term
adduct digits
Definition
what is the action of the palmar interossei (3 or 4)?
Term
dorsal interossei (Dorsal ABduct)
palmar interossei (Palmar ADduct)
Definition
think DAB for this muscles and PAD for this muscle
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