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Muscles of the Back: Attachments, function and innervation
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20
Anatomy
Graduate
06/17/2013

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Term
Trapezius
Definition
Attachment
Descending part: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance and nuchal ligament.
Middle part: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
Ascending part: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Attachment
Descending part: clavicle and acromion of scapula
Middle part: spine of scapula
Ascending part: spine of scapula

Action
descending part: elevate scapula
Middle part: retracts scapula
Ascending part: depresses scapula
descending and ascending together: rotate scapula superiorly

Innervation:
spinal accessory nerve (motor [C1- C-5])
ventral (anterior) rami C3 and C4 (pain and proprioception)
Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition
Attachment:
spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Iliac crest
Lower ribs

Attachment:

Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove) of humerus

Action:

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Innervation:

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)
Term
Rhomboid major and minor muscles
Definition
Attachment:
Minor: spinous processes of C7 and T1
Major: spinous processes of upper thoracic vertebrae

Attachment: both- medial border of scapula

Action: both- retract scapula and rotate scapula inferiorly

Innervation: both- dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
Term
Levator scapulae muscle
Definition
Attachment: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Attachment: medial border of scapula

Action: elevates scapula, rotates scapula inferiorly

Innervation:

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
Ventral (anterior) rami of C3 and C4
Term
Serratus posterior superior muscle
Definition
Attachment: nuchal ligament, spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
attachment: upper ribs
action: elevates ribs
innervation: upper intercostal nerves t2 - t5
Term
Serratus posterior inferior muscle
Definition
Attachment: spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
Attachment: lower ribs
action : depresses ribs
innervation: lower intercostal nerves t9 - t11 and subcostal nerve T 12
Term
splenius muscle
Definition
Attachment:
splenius capitis: nuchal ligament and spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
splenius cervicis: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

attachment:
splenius capitis: mastoid process and superior nuchal line
splenius cervicis: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

action: unilaterally: latterly Bends and rotates head and neck
Bilaterally : extend head and neck

Innervation : posterior ramai of cervical spinal nerves c1 through c8
Term
Spinalis muscle
Definition
Attachment: spinous processes of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

attachment: spinous processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

action
bilaterally : extend the vertebral column
unilaterally: laterally bends vertebral column

innervation: posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves c1 through L 5
Term
Longissimus muscle
Definition
Attachment: Iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae

Attachment: ribs between tubercle and angle, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae, mastoid process

action: bilaterally: extend the vertebral column
unilaterally: latterly bends the vertebral column

Innervation: posterior rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves c1 through L 5
Term
Iliocostalis muscle
Definition
Attachment: Iliad crest, posterior surface of sacrum
Attachment: angles of ribs, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

Action: bilaterally: extend vertebral column
Unilaterally: laterally bends vertebral column

Innervation: posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves C1-L5
Term
Semispinalis muscle
Definition
attachment:

transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae

Attachment:

Semispinalis capitis: occipital bone b/n superior and inferior nuchal lines

Semispinalis cervicis: spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

Semispinalis thoracis: spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Action:

Bilaterally: extend head and vertebral column

Unilaterally: rotates head and vertebral column

Innervation: Posterior rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves (C1-T12)
Term
Multifidus muscles
Definition
Attachment:

Posterior sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of cervical vertebrae, articular processes of cervical vertebrae

Attachment:

Spinous processes of cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Action:

Extend and rotate vertebral column

Innervation:

posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1-L5)
Term
Rotatores muscles
Definition
Attachment:

Transverse processes of all vertebrae

Attachment:

Lamina of all vertebrae

Action:

Extend and rotate vertebral column

Innervation:

Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1-L5)
Term
Interspinales muscles
Definition
Attachment:

Superior surface of spinous processes of vertebrae

Attachment:

Inferior surface of spinous processes of vertebrae

Action:

Extend vertebral column

Innervation:

Posterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1-L5)
Term
Intertransversarii muscles
Definition
attachment:

superior surface of transverse processes of vertebrae

Attachment:

inferior surface of transverse processes of vertebrae

Action:

Lateral flexion of vertebral column

Innervation:

Posterior and anterior rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves (C1-L5)
Term
Levatores costarum muscles
Definition
Attachment:

transverse processes of C7 and thoracic vertebrae

Attachment:

ribs between tubercle and angle

Action:

elevate ribs, lateral flexion of vertebral column

Innervation:

Posterior rami of C8-T11 spinal nerves
Term
Obliquus capitis superior muscle
Definition
Attachment:

Transverse process of atlas

Attachment:

Occipital bone b/n superior and inferior nuchal lines

Action:

Extends head

Innervation:

Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)
Term
Obliquus capitis inferior muscle
Definition
Attachment:

Spinous process of axis

Attachment:

Transverse process of atlas

Action:

Rotates head

Innervation:

Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)
Term
Rectus capitis posterior major muscle
Definition
Attachment:

Spinous process of axis

Attachment:

Inferior nuchal line

Action:

Extends head

Innervation:

Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)
Term
Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
Definition
Attachment:

Posterior tubercle of atlas

Attachment:

Inferior nuchal line

Action:

Extends head

Innervation:

Suboccipital nerve (posterior rami of C1)
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