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Muscles of the back and arm
Actions, arteries, and nerves for muscles of the back and arm
204
Anatomy
Professional
09/19/2015

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Term
Trapezius Artery
Definition
Transverse Cervical
Term
Trapezius nerve
Definition
Spinal accessory
Term
Trapezius actions
Definition
ABduction of humerus
ADDuction of humerus
Elevation/depression of scapula
Protraction/retraction of scapula
Term
Latissimus Dorsi artery
Definition
Thoracodorasal
Term
Latissimus Dorsi nerve
Definition
Thoracodorasal
Term
Latissimus Dorsi actions
Definition
Extends humerus
ADDucts humerus
Medially rotates humerus
Term
Rhomboid Major artery
Definition
dorsal scapular
Term
Rhomboid Major nerve
Definition
dorsal scapular
Term
Rhomboid Major actions
Definition
Retracts/elevates scapula
Term
Rhomboid Minor actions
Definition
Retracts/elevates scapula
Term
Rhomboid Minor nerve
Definition
dorsal scapular
Term
Rhomboid Minor artery
Definition
dorsal scapular
Term
Levator Scapulae artery
Definition
dorsal scapular
Term
Levator Scapulae nerve
Definition
dorsal scapular
Term
Levator Scapulae actions
Definition
Elevates scapula
Term
Serratus Posterior Superior artery
Definition
Intercostal
Term
Serratus Posterior Superior nerve
Definition
anterior rami of intercostal nerves
Term
Serratus Posterior Superior actions
Definition
Elevates ribs 2-5
Term
Serratus Posterior Inferior artery
Definition
Intercostal
Term
Serratus Posterior Inferior nerve
Definition
anterior rami of intercostal nerves
Term
Serratus Posterior Inferior actions
Definition
Depresses ribs 9-12
Term
Splenius capitis artery
Definition
Branches of occipital artery
Term
Splenius capitis nerve
Definition
posterior rami of middle cervical nerves
Term
Splenius capitis actions
Definition
Bilateral: extends head/neck

Unilateral: rotates head to same side as contracting muscle
Term
Spenius cervicis artery
Definition
Branches of occipital artery
Term
Spenius cervicis nerve
Definition
posterior rami of lower cervical nerves
Term
Spenius cervicis actions
Definition
Bilateral: extends head/neck

Unilateral: rotates head to same side as contracting muscle
Term
Iliocostalis cervicis artery
Definition
intercostal / lumbar arteries
Term
Iliocostalis cervicis nerve
Definition
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Term
Iliocostalis cervicis actions
Definition
Bilateral: extend the spine

Unilateral: laterally flex spine to resistance when upright
Term
Iliocostalis thoracis artery
Definition
intercostal / lumbar arteries
Term
Iliocostalis thoracis nerve
Definition
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Term
Iliocostalis thoracis actions
Definition
Bilateral: extend the spine

Unilateral: laterally flex spine to resistance when upright
Term
Iliocostalis lumborum artery
Definition
intercostal / lumbar arteries
Term
Iliocostalis lumborum nerve
Definition
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Term
Iliocostalis lumborum actions
Definition
Bilateral: extend the spine

Unilateral: laterally flex spine to resistance when upright
Term
Longissiumus cervicis artery
Definition
intercostal / lumbar arteries
Term
Longissiumus cervicis nerve
Definition
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Term
Longissiumus cervicis actions
Definition
Bilateral: extend the spine

Unilateral: laterally flex spine to resistance when upright
Term
Longissiumus thoracis artery
Definition
intercostal / lumbar arteries
Term
Longissiumus thoracis nerve
Definition
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Term
Longissiumus thoracis actions
Definition
Bilateral: extend the spine

Unilateral: laterally flex spine to resistance when upright
Term
Longissiumus capitis artery
Definition
intercostal / lumbar arteries
Term
Longissiumus capitis nerve
Definition
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Term
Longissiumus capitis actions
Definition
Bilateral: extends head/neck

Unilateral: rotates head to same side as contracting muscle
Term
Semispinalis capitis nerve
Definition
Posterior ramii of spinal nerve
Term
Semispinalis capitis action
Definition
Rotates head to SAME side
Term
Semispinalis cervicis nerve
Definition
Posterior ramii of spinal nerve
Term
Semispinalis cervicis action
Definition
Bilateral: extends spine/head

Unilateral: rotate spine to OPPOSITE side
Term
Semispinalis thoracis nerve
Definition
Posterior ramii of spinal nerve
Term
Semispinalis thoracis action
Definition
Bilateral: extends spine/head

Unilateral: rotate spine to OPPOSITE side
Term
Multifidus nerve
Definition
Posterior ramii of spinal nerve
Term
Multifidus action
Definition
Bilateral: extends spine/head

Unilateral: rotate spine to OPPOSITE side
Term
Rotatores longus nerve
Definition
Posterior ramii of spinal nerve
Term
Rotatores longus action
Definition
Bilateral: extends spine/head

Unilateral: rotate spine to OPPOSITE side
Term
Rotatores brevus nerve
Definition
Posterior ramii of spinal nerve
Term
Rotatores brevus action
Definition
Bilateral: extends spine/head

Unilateral: rotate spine to OPPOSITE side
Term
Levatores costarum nerve
Definition
Posterior ramii of spinal nerve
Term
levatores costarum action
Definition
elevates ribs
Term
Rectus captitis posterior minor artery
Definition
branches of vertebral artery and occipital artery
Term
Rectus captitis posterior minor nerve
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
Rectus captitis posterior minor action
Definition
Head extension and rotation to SAME side
Term
Rectus captitis posterior major artery
Definition
branches of vertebral artery and occipital artery
Term
Rectus captitis posterior major nerve
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
Rectus captitis posterior major action
Definition
Head extension and rotation to SAME side
Term
Obliquus capitis superior artery
Definition
branches of vertebral artery and occipital artery
Term
Obliquus capitis superior nerve
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
Obliquus capitis superior action
Definition
Head extension and rotation to SAME side
Term
Obliquus capitis inferior artery
Definition
branches of vertebral artery and occipital artery
Term
Obliquus capitis inferior nerve
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
Obliquus capitis inferior action
Definition
Head extension and rotation to SAME side
Term
Pectoralis major artery
Definition
Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial
Term
Pectoralis major nerve
Definition
Medial and lateral pectoral nerve
Term
Pectoralis major actions
Definition
Adduction of humerus
Medial rotation of humerus

Clavicular head: glenohumeral joint flexion

Sternocostal head: glenohumeral joint extension
Term
Pectoralis minor artery
Definition
Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial
Term
Pectoralis minor nerve
Definition
Medial pectoral nerve
Term
Pectoralis minor actions
Definition
Scapular depression
downward rotation of scapula
protraction of scapula
Term
Serratus anterior artery
Definition
Lateral thoracic
Term
Serratus anterior nerve
Definition
Long thoracic nerve
(C5-C7)
Term
Serratus anterior actions
Definition
Rotates scapula upwards
aBduction of scapula with arm and elevates it
protracts scapula
Term
Deltoid artery
Definition
Thoracoacromial artery
Posterior/anterior humeral circumflex
Term
deltoid nerve
Definition
Axillary nerve
Term
deltoid actions
Definition
ABducts humerus after 15 degrees

Posterior head: extension of arm

Anterior head: flexion of arm
Term
Supraspinatus artery
Definition
Subscapular artery
Term
Supraspinatus nerve
Definition
Suprascapular
Term
Supraspinatus action
Definition
Initial 15 degrees of arm aBduction
Term
Infraspinatus artery
Definition
Subscapular artery
Term
Infraspinatus nerve
Definition
Subscapular artery
Term
Infraspinatus action
Definition
Lateral rotation of humerus
Term
Teres Minor artery
Definition
Subscapular artery

circumflex scapular
Term
Teres Minor nerve
Definition
Axillary
Term
Teres Minor action
Definition
Medial rotation of humerus
Term
Subscapularis artery
Definition
Posterior circumflex humeral
Circumflex scapular
Term
Subscapularis nerve
Definition
upper subscapular

lower subscapular
Term
Subscapularis action
Definition
Medial rotation of humerus
Term
Teres major artery
Definition
Subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries
Term
Teres major nerve
Definition
Lower subscapular
Term
Teres major action
Definition
aDduction of humerus
Extension of humerus
Medial rotation of humerus
Term
Sublavius artery
Definition
thoracoacromial
Term
Subclavius nerve
Definition
nerve to subclavius
Term
Subclavius action
Definition
depresses lateral clavicle
Term
Coricobrachialis artery
Definition
branches of brachial artery
Term
Coricobrachialis nerve
Definition
Musculocutaneous
Term
Coricobrachialis actions
Definition
Flexes arm at glenohumeral joint
Term
Biceps brachii artery
Definition
branches of brachial artery
Term
Biceps brachii nerve
Definition
Musculocutaneous
Term
Biceps brachii functions
Definition
elbow flexion
forearm supination
Glenohumeral joint flexion
Term
Triceps brachii artery
Definition
Profunda brachii
Term
Triceps brachii nerve
Definition
Radial nerve
Term
Triceps brachii functions
Definition
Elbow extension (primary)
Assist extension at glenohumeral joint
Assist aDuction at glenohumeral joint
Term
Anconeus artery
Definition
profundus brachii
Term
Anconeus nerve
Definition
Radial nerve
Term
Anconeus functions
Definition
flexion at elbow
stabilizes elbow
Term
Brachialis artery
Definition
branches of brachial artery
Term
Brachialis nerve
Definition
Musculocutaneous
Term
Brachialis function
Definition
flexion at the elbow
Term
Pronator Teres nerve
Definition
Median nerve
Term
Pronator Teres artery
Definition
ulnar
Term
Pronator Teres action
Definition
Pronation
Term
Flexor carpii radialis artery
Definition
ulnar
Term
Flexor carpii radialis nerve
Definition
Median
Term
Flexor carpii radialis action
Definition
Flexion at wrist
Term
Flexor carpii ulnaris artery
Definition
ulnar
Term
Flexor carpii ulnaris nerve
Definition
ulnar nerve (*an exception for this compartment)
Term
Flexor carpii ulnaris action
Definition
Flexion at wrist
Term
Palmaris longus artery
Definition
ulnar
Term
Palmaris longus nerve
Definition
Median
Term
Palmaris longus action
Definition
Flexion at palm
Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis artery
Definition
Ulnar artery
Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis nerve
Definition
Median
Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis action
Definition
Flexion at 2nd phalange for digits 2-5
Term
Flexor digitorum profundus artery
Definition
Anterior interosseuous
Term
Flexor digitorum profundus nerve
Definition
Lateral half: anterior interosseus nerve (via median)

Medial half: ulnar nerve (*an exception for this compartment)
Term
Flexor digitorum profundus action
Definition
Flexion at distal phalange for digits 2-5
Term
Flexor pollicis longus action
Definition
Flexion of distal thumb
Term
Flexor pollicis longus artery
Definition
Anterior interosseous
Term
Flexor pollicis longus nerve
Definition
Anterior interosseus nerve (via median nerve)
Term
Pronator Quadratus artery
Definition
Anterior interosseous
Term
Pronator Quadratus nerve
Definition
Anterior interosseus nerve (via median nerve)
Term
Pronator Quadratus action
Definition
Pronation at arm
Term
Brachioradiialis artery
Definition
Radial recurrent
Term
Brachioradiialis nerve
Definition
Radial nerve
Term
Brachioradiialis action
Definition
Term
Extensor carpi radialis longus artery
Definition
Radial recurrent
Radial artery
Term
Extensor carpi radialis longus nerve
Definition
Radial nerve
Term
Extensor carpi radialis longus action
Definition
Deep branch of radial nerve
Term
Extensor carpi radialis Brevus artery
Definition
Radial recurrent
Radial artery
Term
Extensor carpi radialis Brevus nerve
Definition
Deep branch of radial nerve
Term
Extensor carpi radialis Brevus action
Definition
Extension at wrist
Term
Extensor carpi ulnaris artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous artery
Term
Extensor carpi ulnaris nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
Extensor carpi ulnaris action
Definition
Extension at wrist
Term
Extensor digitorum artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Term
Extensor digitorum nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
Extensor digitorum action
Definition
Extension of digits 2-5
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi action
Definition
Extension of digit 5
Term
Supinator artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Term
Supinator nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
Supinator action
Definition
Supination of forearm
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus action
Definition
Extension of thumb
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevus artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevus nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevus action
Definition
Extension of thumb
Term
ABductor Pollicis Longus artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Term
ABductor Pollicis Longus nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
ABductor Pollicis Longus action
Definition
Abduction of thumb
Term
Extensor Indicis artery
Definition
Posterior interosseous
Term
Extensor Indicis nerve
Definition
Posterior interosseous nerve (via radial nerve)
Term
Extensor Indicis action
Definition
Extension of second digit
Term
ABductor pollicis brevis artery
Definition
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Term
ABductor pollicis brevis nerve
Definition
Recurrent median nerve
Term
ABductor pollicis brevis action
Definition
ABduction of thumb
Term
Flexor pollicis brevis artery
Definition
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Term
Flexor pollicis brevis neve
Definition
Recurrent median nerve
Term
Flexor pollicis brevis action
Definition
Flexion of thumb
Term
Opponens pollicis artery
Definition
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Term
Opponens pollicis nerve
Definition
Recurrent median nerve
Term
Opponens pollicis action
Definition
Lateral motion of thumb towards midline
Term
Opponens digiti minimi artery
Definition
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Term
Opponens digiti minimi nerve
Definition
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
Opponens digiti minimi action
Definition
Medial movement of pinky towards midline
Term
Flexor digiti minimi artery
Definition
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Term
Flexor digiti minimi nerve
Definition
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
Flexor digiti minimi action
Definition
Flexion of 5th digit
Term
aBductor digiti minimi artery
Definition
Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Term
aBductor digiti minimi nerve
Definition
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
aBductor digiti minimi action
Definition
Abduction of 5th digit
Term
Palmar iterossei artery
Definition
Deep palmar arch
Term
Palmar iterossei nerve
Definition
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
Palmar iterossei action
Definition
aDuction of digits 2, 4, 5
Term
Dorsal iterossei artery
Definition
Deep palmar arch
Term
Dorsal iterossei nerve
Definition
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
Dorsal iterossei action
Definition
aBduction of digits 2-4
Term
1st and 2nd lumbricals artery
Definition
Deep palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch
Term
1st and 2nd lumbricals nerve
Definition
Median nerve (* an exception for this compartment)
Term
3rd and 4th lumbricals artery
Definition
Deep palmar arch
Superficial palmar arch
Term
3rd and 4th lumbricals nerve
Definition
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
ADductor pollicis artery
Definition
Deep palmar arch
Term
ADductor pollicis nerve
Definition
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Term
ADductor pollicis action
Definition
ADduction of thumb
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