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Muscles of the Shoulder Region
Attachments, actions, functions.
16
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/20/2010

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Pectoralis Major

 

 

Definition

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Pectoralis Major

 

Proximal Attachment: Cartilages of ribs 2-6, body of sternum (sternal head), and inferior, medial portion of clavicle (clavicular head).

Distal attachment: Crest of greater tubercle, lateral lip of intertubercular groove on humerus.

Action: Flexes, adducts and medially rotates humerus.

Term

 

 

 

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Lattisimus Dorsi

Definition

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Lattisimus Dorsi

Proximal Attachment: T6-S5 Vertebra (Spinous processes, SP), iliac crest of Pelvis, Ribs 9-12

Distal Attachment: Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus

Actions (functions): Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus.

Term

 

 

 

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Deltoid

 

Definition

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Deltoid

Proximal attachments: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula.


Distal attachment: Deltoid tuberosity on humerus.


Actions: Abduction of humerus.

Term

 

 

 

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Coracobrachialis

Definition

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Coracobrachialis

Proximal Attachments: Corocoid process

 

Distal attachments: Medial mid-shaft of humerus

 

Actions: Flexes and adducts humerus.

Term

 

 

 

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Biceps Brachii

Definition

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Biceps Brachii

Proximal attachment: Tip of the coracoid process (short head), supraglenoid tubecle (long head, within joint capsule, then runs through bicipital groove)

Distal attachment: Tuberosity of radius

Actions: Supinates forearm, flexion of elbow joint, can also flex the shoulder.

Term

 

 

 

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Triceps Brachii

Definition

TORQUE PRODUCERS

Triceps Brachii

Proximal Attachments: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head),posterior surface of the humerus below the radial groove (medial head), superior, lateral margin of humerus (lateral head).

Distal attachment: Olecranon process of ulna.

Actions: Extension of elbow.

Functions: long head supports the inferior aspect of the shoulder joint capsule when the arm is abducted.

Term

 

 

 

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Trapezius (Upper, middle, lower fibres)

Definition

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Trapezius

Proximal attachments: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7-T12 vertebra

Distal attachments: lateral 1/3 clavicle (upper fibres), acromion and spine of scapula (middle fibres) and tubercle of scapula spine (lower fibres).

Actions: The upper fibers elevate scapula, middle fibers brace shoulder girdle. Lower fibers depress medial aspect of the scapula and shoulder, upper and lower fibers together tend to rotate scapula so glenoid fossa points up and forward. Can extend head and neck.

Term

 

 

 

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Rhomboid Major

Definition

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Rhomboid Major

Proximal Attachments: T3-T5 Vertebrae

 

Distal attachments: medial border of the scapula, inferior to spine

 

Actions: Retract and elevate scapula

Term

 

 

 

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Rhomboid Minor

Definition

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Rhomboid Minor

Proximal attachments: lower ligamentum nuchae, C7-T1 SP of vertebrae

Distal Attachments: Medial border of scapula, near spine.

Actions: Retract and elevate the scapula

Term

 

 

 

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Levator Scapulae

Definition

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Levator Scapulae

Proximal Attachments: Transverse processes of C1-C3/C4 vertebra.


Distal Attachments: Medial border of scapular between superior angle and base of spine.


Actions: Retract and elevate the scapula.

Term

 

 

 

SCAPULOTHORACIS MUSCLES

Pectoralis Minor

Definition

SCAPULOTHORACIS MUSCLES

Pectoralis Minor

Proximal Attachments: Ribs 3-5, near their costochondral junctions.

 

Distal attachments: Corocoid process

 

Actions: Protracts and depresses the shoulder

 

Term

 

 

 

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Serratus Anterior

 

Definition

SCAPULOTHORACIC MUSCLES

Serratus Anterior

Proximal Attachments: Anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8.

Distal attachments: Medial border, anterior surface, inferior angle of the scapula. (Runs underneath scapula)

Actions:  Protracts and laterally rotates scapula. Makes glenoid face more superiorly.

Functions: Transfers the weight of trunk to upper limb when weight is being taken on the hands, and pulls the shoulder girdle forwards.

 

Term

 

 

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Supraspinatus

Definition

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Supraspinatus

Proximal attachments: Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Distal Attachments: Tendon inserts on the upper facet of greater tuberosity of the humerus.

Actions: Initiates abduction

Functions: Stabilises the GHJ as part of the rotator cuff muscles.


Term

 

 

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Infraspinatus

Definition

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Infraspinatus

Proximal Attachments: Infraspinous fossa, and thick fascia covering it.

Distal Attachments: Middle facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus. There is a bursa between infraspinatus and the neck of scapula.

Actions: Lateral rotation of humerus

Functions: Stabilise the GHJ as a member of the rotator cuff muscles.

Term

 

 

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Teres Minor

Definition

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Teres Minor

Proximal Attachments: Superior 1/3 of lateral border of scapula.

Distal Attachment: Lower facet of greater tuberosity of the humerus.

Actions: Adductor and lateral rotator of the humerus.

Functions:Helps to oppose upward subluxation of the humerus due to the powerful actions of deltoid, biceps brachii, and triceps.

Term

 

 

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Subscapularis

 

Definition

ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES

Subscapularis

Proximal attachments: Medial 2/3 of subscapular fossa

Distal Attachments: Forms a broad tendon which inserts on the lesser tuberosity, shoulder joint capsule, and front of upper shaft of humerus. Some superficial fibers blend with the transverse humeral ligament.

Actions: Adductor and medial rotator of the humerus.

Functions: As part of rotator cuff, centralizes humeral head, limiting superior translation during abduction.

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