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Muscles of the Body -- Metro, Dr. Howard
Required Muscles for Exam 2
71
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
03/07/2012

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Term
Orbicularis oris
Definition
Sphincter around mouth A = Closes and protrudes lips
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Orbicularis oculi
Definition
Sphincter around eye A = Closes eyelids
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Zygomaticus (major & minor)
Definition
A = Raise angle of mouth; smile O = Zygomatic bone I = Angle of mouth MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Risorius
Definition
A = Draws angle of mouth laterally as in tenseness O = Fascia of masseter muscle I = Angle of mouth MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Buccinator
Definition
A = Compress cheek; blowing and sucking O = Alveoli of mandible and maxillae I = Orbicularis oris MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Platysma
Definition
A = Depress mandible; draws lip downward as in pouting; tightens and wrinkles skin of neck O = Fascia over deltoid and pectoralis major muscles I = Mandible, skin of chin and cheek MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Frontalis
Definition
A = Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, draws scalp foreword O = Galea aponeurotica I = Skin and muscles of forehead MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Occipitalis
Definition
A = Draws scalp backward O = Occipital bone I = Galea aponeurotica MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
Term
Masseter
Definition
A = Elevates mandible O = Zygomatic arch I = Ramus of mandible
MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Term
Temporalis
Definition
A = Elevates and retracts mandible O = Temporal line I = Coronoid process of mandible MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Term
Digastric
Definition
A = Elevates hyoid and larynx, depresses mandible O = Hyoid bone I = Inner surface of lower border of mandible (chin); mastoid process of temporal bone (floor of the oral cavity) MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Term
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Definition
A = If both sides contract, it flexes the neck; if one side contracts, it rotates the head towards the opposite side O = Sternum and clavicle I = Mastoid process of temporal bone MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD
Term
Splenius capitis
Definition
A = Both sides extend head; one side rotates head to the same side as the contracting muscle O = Ligamentum nuchae and spines of C7-T4 vertebrae I = Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HEAD
Term
Serratus anterior
Definition
A = Abducts scapula O = First 9 ribs I = Vertebral border of scapula, ventral side MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER
Term
Pectoralis minor
Definition
A = Depresses scapula; protracts scapula O = Ribs 3-5 I = Coracoid process of scapula MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER
Term
Rhomboideus (major & minor)
Definition
A = Adducts scapula O = Spines of C7-T5 vertebrae I = Vertebral border of scapula MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER
Term
Trapezius
Definition
A = Elevates (upper portion) or depresses (lower portion) scapula; adducts scapula, extends head O = Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T12 I = Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE SHOULDER
Term
Pectoralis major
Definition
A = Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm O = Clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6 I = Greater tubercle of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Latissimus dorsi
Definition
A = Extends, adducts and medially rotates arm O = Spinous processes of T7 through all lumbar through sacrum, posterior iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia I = Intertubercular groove of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Deltoid
Definition
A = Abducts arm O = Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula I = Deltoid tuberosity of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
A = Abducts arm O = Supraspinous fossa I = Greater tubercle of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
A = Rotates arm laterally O = Infraspinous fossa I = Greater tubercle of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
A = Rotates arm medially O = Subscapular fossa I = Lesser tubercle of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Teres major
Definition
A = Medial rotates and adducts arm O = Inferior angle of scapula I = Intertubercular groove of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Teres minor
Definition
A = Rotates arm laterally O = Lateral (axillary) border of scapula I = Greater tubercle of humerus MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE ARM
Term
Biceps brachii
Definition
A = Flexes forearm (elbow) and supinates forearm O = Above the glenoid fossa; coracoid process of scapula I = Radial tuberosity MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Term
Brachialis
Definition
A = Flexes forearm O = Anterior surface of humerus I = Coronoid process of ulna MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Term
Triceps brachii
Definition
A = Extends forearm (elbow) O = Long head-below glenoid fossa; Lateral head-lateral and posterior shaft of humerus proximally; Medial head- posterior surface of humerus distally I = Olecranon process of ulna MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Term
Supinator
Definition
A = Supinates forearm O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus I = Lateral surface of proximal radius MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Term
Pronator teres
Definition
A = Pronates forearm O = Medial epicondyle of humerus; coronoid process of ulna I = Middle of the lateral surface of radius MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOREARM
Term
Flexor carpi radialis
Definition
A = Flexes and abducts palm O = Medial epicondyle of humerus I = Ventral surface of metacarpals II, III MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Definition
A = Flexes and adducts palm O = Medial epicondyle of humerus; upper dorsal border of ulna I = Base of metacarpal III-V MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Palmaris longus
Definition
A = Flexes palm (hand squeeze, not fingers) 15% of people don’t have it. Goes above carpal tunnel O = Medial epicondyle of humerus I = Palmar aponeurosis *15% of people don’t have it. Goes above carpal tunnel MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Definition
A = Flexes phalanges O = Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, anterior surface of radius I = Ventral surface of middle phalanges 2-5 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Flexor digitorum profundus
Definition
A = Flexes phalanges O = Anterior medial surface of ulna I = Ventral surface of distal phalanges 2-5 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Extensor carpi radialis (longus)
Definition
A = Extends and abduct palm O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus I = Dorsal surface of metacarpal II MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Definition
A = Extends and adducts palm O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus I = Metacarpal V MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Extensor digitorum
Definition
A = Extends phalanges and palm O = Lateral epicondyle of humerus I = Dorsal surface of phalanges MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST AND FINGERS
Term
Gluteus maximus
Definition
A = Extends thigh (hip joint) and laterally rotates thigh *the only one that LATERALLY ROTATES THIGH! O = Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx I = Gluteal tuberosity of femur MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Gluteus medius
Definition
A = Abducts and medially rotates thigh O = Ilium I = Greater trochanter of femur MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Gluteus minimus
Definition
A = Abducts and medially rotates thigh O = Ilium I = Greater trochanter of femur
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Tensor fasciae latae
Definition
A = Tenses lateral fascia, flexes thigh (hip) and abducts thigh O = Iliac crest (anterior part) I = Lateral fascia of tibia
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Adductor longus
Definition
A = Adducts thigh O = Pubis I = Linea aspera of femur MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Adductor magnus
Definition
A = Adducts thigh O = Pubis and ischium I = Linea aspera of femur
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Adductor brevis {Note: Adductor magnus & brevis are collectively called Adductor femoris in cat.}
Definition
A = Adducts thigh O = Pubis I = Linea aspera of femur
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Iliopsoas
Definition
A = Flexion of thigh at the hip O = Vertebral bodies of T12/L1-L5 (psoas major), Iliac fossa (iliacus) I = Lesser trochanter MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE THIGH
Term
Quadriceps femoris *Rectus femoris
Definition
A = Extends leg (knee), flexes thigh (hip) O = Anterior inferior iliac spine I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Quadriceps femoris *Vastus lateralis
Definition
A = Extends leg O = Greater trochanter and lateral to linea aspera of femur I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Quadriceps femoris *Vastus medialis
Definition
A = Extends leg O = Medial to linea aspera of femur I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Quadriceps femoris *Vastus intermedius
Definition
A = Extends leg O = Anterior surface of femur I = Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Hamstrings *Biceps femoris
Definition
A = Flexes leg (knee), extends thigh (hip) O = Ischial tuberosity and linea aspera I = Lateral condyle of tibia and head of fibula MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Hamstrings *Semitendinosus
Definition
A = Flexes leg and extends thigh O = Ischial tuberosity I = Medial surface of proximal tibia MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Hamstrings *Semimembranosus
Definition
A = Flexes leg and extends thigh O = Ischial tuberosity I = Medial condyle of tibia MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Gracilis
Definition
A = Flexes leg and adducts thigh O = Pubis I = Medial surface of tibia below condyle
MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Sartorius longest muscle in the body
Definition
A = Flex thigh and leg, rotate thigh laterally O = Anterior superior iliac spine I = Medial surface of proximal tibia
MUSCLES THAT ACT ON THE LEG
Term
Tibialis anterior
Definition
A = Dorsiflex foot O = Lateral condyle and body of tibia I = Metatarsal I
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES
Term
Extensor digitorum longus
Definition
A = Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot O = Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula I = Dorsal surfaces of phalanges 2-5 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES
Term
Peroneus longus
Definition
A = Plantar flexes and everts foot O = Lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula I = Ventral surface of metatarsal I
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
A = Plantar flexes foot and flexes leg at knee O = Above lateral and medial condyles of femur I = Calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES
Term
Soleus
Definition
A = Plantar flexes foot O = Posteromedial tibia; Head of fibula I = Calcaneus by way of Achilles tendon
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES
Term
Flexor digitorum longus
Definition
A = Flexes toes and plantar flexes foot O = Posterior surface of tibia I = Distal phalanges 2-5 MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES
Term
External abdominal oblique
Definition
A = Compresses abdomen; flexes or bends spine; depresses ribs O = Lower 8 ribs I = Linea alba and iliac crest MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
Term
Internal abdominal oblique
Definition
A = Compresses abdomen, flexes or bends spine; depresses ribs O = Iliac crest and thoracolumbar fascia I = Linea alba and lower ribs
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
Term
Transversus abdominis
Definition
A = Compresses abdomen O = Iliac crest, lumbar fascia and costal cartilage of lower ribs I = Linea alba and pubis
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
Term
Rectus abdominis
Definition
A = Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column, and depresses ribs O = Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5-7 I = Symphysis pubis MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
A = Increases size of thoracic cavity for breathing O = Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of ribs 4-10 and lumbar vertebrae I = Central tendon of diaphragm
MUSCLES USED IN BREATHING
Term
External intercostals
Definition
A = Breathing [elevates ribs] Makes V O = One rib I = Next rib MUSCLES USED IN BREATHING
Term
Internal intercostals
Definition
A = Breathing [depresses ribs] Makes A O = One rib I = Next rib MUSCLES USED IN BREATHING
Term
Erector spinae -- postural muscles Iliocostalis (most lateral)
Definition
A = Extends the vertebral column and bends it laterally O = Iliac crest and ribs I = Ribs
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Term
Erector spinae -- postural muscles Longissimus (intermediate)
Definition
A = Extends vertebral column O = Transverse processes of lumbar, thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae I = Transverse processes of the vertebrae above the vertebra of origin, plus the mastoid process of the temporal bone
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Term
Erector spinae -- postural muscles Spinalis (medial)
Definition
A = Extends the vertebral column O = Spinous process of lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae I = Spinous process of upper thoracic vertebrae
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
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