Term
| Where can you assume T3 spinous process can be located? |
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Definition
| The base of the spine of the scapula |
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Term
| T7 spinous process is lateral to what? |
|
Definition
| inferior angle of the scapula |
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Term
| What crosses the spinous process of L4? |
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Definition
| Highest levels of the iliac crest |
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Term
| What do the dimples denote? |
|
Definition
| posterior superior iliac spines andare at the level of the spinous process of the S2 |
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Term
| 3 Groups of muscles in the back? |
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Definition
- Superficial
- Intermediate
- Deep
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Term
| Deep muscle group called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the superficial extrinsic back muscles (4) |
|
Definition
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid muscles
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|
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Term
| Which nerves supply extrinsic muscles? |
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Definition
| ventral rami of cervical nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
- medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
- external occipital protuberance
- ligamentum nuchae
- 7th cervical and all thoracic vertebral spinous processes and corresponding supraspinous ligaments
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Term
|
Definition
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle (superior fibers)
- acromion process, spine of the scapula (middle fibers)
- base of scapular spine (inferior fibers)
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Term
| Trapezius Innervation (2) |
|
Definition
- spinal part of accessory nerve (C.N. XI)
- ventral rami of 3rd and 4th cervical nerves
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Term
|
Definition
- lower trap draws scapula down
- middle trap adducts scapula
- upper trap draws scapula upward
- rotation of scapula: upper and lower fibers work together in force couple to upwardly rotate the scapula
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Term
| Latissimus Dorsi Origin (5) |
|
Definition
- spines of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae
- inferior thoracolumbar fascia
- iliac crest
- 3/4 ribs
- superior part of muscle usually receives fibers from inferior angle of scapula
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|
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Term
| Latissimus Dorsi insertion (1) |
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Definition
- floor of intertubercular groove (sulcus) of humerus
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Term
| Latissimus Dorsi Innervation (3) |
|
Definition
- thoracodorsal nerve:
- c6
- c7
- c8
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|
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Term
| Latissimus Dorsi function |
|
Definition
| extends, adducts, and medial rotates the humerus at the shoulder joint |
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Term
| Levator Scapulae Origin (2) |
|
Definition
- transverse processes of the atlas and axis
- transverse processes of the third and fourth cervical vertebrae
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|
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Term
| Levator Scapulae Insertion (1) |
|
Definition
| medial border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine |
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Term
| Levator Scapulae Innervation (2) |
|
Definition
- dorsal scapular nerve, C5
- 3rd and 4th cervical nerves
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|
|
Term
| Levator Scapulae Function (2) |
|
Definition
- elevates the scapula
- rotates the scapula down
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Term
| Rhomboid Major Origin (1) |
|
Definition
| spines of the 2nd through 5th thoracic vertebrae and supraspinous ligaments |
|
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Term
| Rhomboid Major Insertion (1) |
|
Definition
| medial border of the scapula between the root of the spine and the inferior angle |
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Term
| Rhomboid Major Innervation |
|
Definition
| dorsal scapular nerve; c4, c5 |
|
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Term
| Rhomboid Major Function (2) |
|
Definition
- adducts the scapula
- rotates the scapula down
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|
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Term
| Rhomboid Minor Origin (2) |
|
Definition
- lower part of the ligamentum nuchae
- spines of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae
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|
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Term
| Rhomboid Minor Insertion (1) |
|
Definition
| triangular smooth surface at the medial end of the spine of the scapula |
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Term
| Rhomboid Minor Innervation (1) |
|
Definition
| dorsal scapular nerve; c4, c5 |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid Minor Function (2) |
|
Definition
- adducts the scapula
- rotates the scapula down
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Term
| Name the Intermediate Extrinsic Back Muscles (2) |
|
Definition
- serratus posterior superior
- serratus posterior inferior
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|
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Term
| Serratus Posterior Superior Origin (1) |
|
Definition
| lower part of the ligamentum nuchae and the spines of the seventh cervical and upper two thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion (1) |
|
Definition
| upper borders of the second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs |
|
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Term
| Serratus Posterior Superior Innervation |
|
Definition
| ventral primary divisions of t1-t4 |
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Term
| Serratus posterior Superior Function (1) |
|
Definition
| raises ribs to increase the size of the thoracic cavity |
|
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Term
| Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin (1) |
|
Definition
| spines of the lower 2 thoracic and upper 2 lumbar vertebrae |
|
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Term
| Serratus Posterior Inferior Innervation |
|
Definition
| ventral primary divisions of t9-t12 |
|
|
Term
| Serratus Posterior Inferior Function (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscles are concerned with maintenance of posture and movements of the vertebral column? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which muscles are covered with the sheet of fascia that forms the thoracolumbar fascia? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which innervates the intrinsic back muscles? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 layers of intrinsic back muscles |
|
Definition
- superficial - fibers passing superolaterally
- intermediate - fibers running longitudinally, parallel to the long axis of vertebral column
- deep - fibers passing superomedially
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|
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Term
| Intrinsic back muscles of superficial layer (2) |
|
Definition
- splenius capitus
- splenius cervicis
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
- lower half of the ligamentum nuchae
- the spine of the 7th cervical vertebra
- spines of the upper 3 or 4 thoracic vertebrae
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|
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Term
| Splenius Capitis Insertion |
|
Definition
| mastoid process of the temporal bone |
|
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Term
| Splenius Capitus Function |
|
Definition
| brings the head and neck posteriorly and laterally with some rotation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| spines of the 3rd to 6th thoracic vertebrae |
|
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Term
| Splenius Cervicis Insertion |
|
Definition
| posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper 2 to 4 cervical vertebrae |
|
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Term
| Splenius Cervicis function |
|
Definition
| brings the head and neck posteriorly and laterally with some rotation |
|
|
Term
| Thoracolumbar Fascia layers |
|
Definition
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
|
|
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Term
| Thoracolumbar Fascia Anterior Layer |
|
Definition
| covers deep muscles (quadratus lumborum) |
|
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Term
| Thoracolumbar Fascia middle layer |
|
Definition
| transvers fibers that give rise to transversus abdominis |
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Term
| Thoracolumbar Fascia Posterior layer - superficial lamina |
|
Definition
- formed by aponeurosis of latissimus dorsi
- four portions running in a caudo-medial direction
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|
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Term
| Thoracolumbar Fascia posterior layer - deep lamina |
|
Definition
- sheets of collagen fibers pssing caudo-laterally from midline (lumbar spinous processes)
- s1-PSIS
- l5-PSIS
- l4-iliac crest
- l1-l3 cover back muscles
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|
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Term
| Biomedical function of Thoracolumbar fascia posterior layer - superficial lamina (2) |
|
Definition
- provides lat. dorsi with attachment to the spinous processes of the vertebral colum
- within the ilium
|
|
|
Term
Biomedical function of Thoracolumbar fascia posterior layer - deep lamina (2)
|
|
Definition
- accessory ligaments limiting lumbar flexion
- hydraulic amplifier mech: contraction of back muscles cause further tension in lamina increasing tension of ligaments
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|
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Term
| Which muscle forms the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles? |
|
Definition
| erector spinae muscle (extends from pelvis to skull) |
|
|
Term
| Three columns of the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles |
|
Definition
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- iliocostalis lumborum
- iliocostalis thoracis
- iliocostalis cervicis
|
|
|
Term
| Iliocostalis Lumborum Origin (1) |
|
Definition
| broad erector spinae tendon from median sacral crest, spines of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest |
|
|
Term
Iliocostalis Lumborum Insertion (1)
|
|
Definition
| inferior borders of the angles of the lower 6 or 7 ribs |
|
|
Term
Iliocostalis Lumborum Function (1)
|
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column and bends it to one side and draws the ribs down |
|
|
Term
| Iliocostalis Thoracis Origin (1) |
|
Definition
| upper borders of the angles of the lower 6 ribs |
|
|
Term
Iliocostalis Thoracis Insertion (1)
|
|
Definition
| upper borders of angles of the upper 6 ribs |
|
|
Term
| Iliocostalis Thoracis Function |
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column and bends it to one side and draws the ribs down |
|
|
Term
Iliocostalis Cervicis Origin
|
|
Definition
| angles of the 3rd through 6th ribs |
|
|
Term
Iliocostalis Cervicis Insertion
|
|
Definition
| posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Iliocostalis Cervicis Function
|
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column and bends it to one side |
|
|
Term
| 3 muscles of the longissimus muscle |
|
Definition
- longissimus thoracis
- longissimus cervicis
- longissimus capitis
|
|
|
Term
| Longissimus Thoracis Origin |
|
Definition
| whole length of the posterior surfaces of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Longissimus Thoracis Insertion
|
|
Definition
| tips of the transverse processes of all the thoracic vertebrae and to the lower nine or ten ribs |
|
|
Term
Longissimus Thoracis Function
|
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column and bends it to one side while drawing the ribs down |
|
|
Term
| Longissimus Cervicis Origin |
|
Definition
| situated medial to longissimus thoracis |
|
|
Term
Longissimus Cervicis Insertion
|
|
Definition
| transverse processes of c2 to c6 |
|
|
Term
Longissimus Cervicis Function
|
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column and bends it to one side while drawing the ribs down |
|
|
Term
Longissimus Capitis Origin
|
|
Definition
| transverse processes of the upper 4 or 5 thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Longissimus Capitis Insertion
|
|
Definition
| posterior margin of the mastoid process |
|
|
Term
Longissimus Capitis Function
|
|
Definition
| extends the head and bends it to the same side rotatin the face to that side |
|
|
Term
| Spinalis Capitis, Cervicis, and Thoracis |
|
Definition
- mainly arises from spinous processes of superior lumbar and inferior thoracic regions
- inserts into spinous processes in superior thoracic region
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|
|
Term
Spinalis Capitis, Cervicis, and Thoracis
Origin, Insertion, Function
|
|
Definition
- Origin - arises from the spines of vertebrae in each region
- Insertion - inserts on vertebral spines a few segments above
- Function - extends the vertebral column
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|
|
Term
| 3 muscle groups of the Deep layer of intrinsic back muscles (called transversospinal muscles) |
|
Definition
| mulifidus, semispinalis, rotatores |
|
|
Term
| Semispinalis Thoracis Origin |
|
Definition
| transverse processes of the 6th to 10th thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Thoracis Insertion
|
|
Definition
| spines of the upper 4 thoracic and lower 2 cervical vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Thoracis Function
|
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column rotates it toward opposite side |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Cervicis Origin
|
|
Definition
| transverse processes of the upper 5 or 6 thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Cervicis Insertion
|
|
Definition
| spines of the cervical vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Cervicis Function
|
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column rotates it toward opposite side |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Capitis Origin
|
|
Definition
| transverse processes of the upper 6 or 7 thoracic and the 7th cervical vertebrae |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Capitis Insertion
|
|
Definition
| medial part of the area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone |
|
|
Term
Semispinalis Capitis Function
|
|
Definition
| extends the head and rotates it toward opposite side |
|
|
Term
| Multifidus Muscle Origin (4 parts) |
|
Definition
- sacral - PSIS and dorsal sacroiliac ligaments
- lumbar - mammillary processes
- thoracic - all transverse processes
- cervical - articular processes of the lower 4 vertebrae
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spines of the vertebrae 2 to 5 levels above along the entire length of the vertebral column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends the vertebral column and rotates it toward opposite side |
|
|
Term
| Rotatores Origin and Insertion |
|
Definition
| each rotatores connects the upper and posterior part of the transverse process of one vertebra to the spinous process of the vertebra next above |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends vertebral column and rotates it toward opposite side |
|
|
Term
| Interspinales and intertransversarii Muscles |
|
Definition
- small, traverse the vertebral spines and transverse processes
- Interspinales - extend vertebral column
- Intertransversarii - lateral bending
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ends of the transverse processes of the 7th cervical and 1st to 11th thoracic vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| Levator Costarum Insertion |
|
Definition
| upper edge and external surface of the rib immediately below the vertebrae from which it takes origin between the tubercle and the angle |
|
|
Term
| Levator Costarum Innervation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Levator Costarum Function |
|
Definition
| raises the ribs and increases the thoracic the size of the cavity; extends the vertebral column bending it laterally with slight rotation to opposite side |
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