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Muscles of Head and Neck
Muscles of the head and neck
26
Anatomy
Graduate
01/09/2009

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Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
N: Accessory
O: Manubrium, Clavicle
I: Mastoid process
F: Tilts head to side, rotates head, flexes neck, raises sternum, inspiration
Term
Platysma
Definition
N: Facial nerve (cervical branch)
O: Clavicle, fascia of chest
I: Mandible
F: Widens mouth, expressions of sadness/fright

Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
        N: Anterior rami of C1-C3 through ansa cervicalis
        O: Sternoclavicular joint, manubrium
        I: Hyoid bone
        F: Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

Term
Sternothyroid
Definition
        N; Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
        O: Manubrium
        I: Thyroid cartilage (lamina)
        F: Draws larynx downward

Term
Thyrohyoid
Definition
        N: Hypoglossal nerve
        O: Thyroid cartilage (lamina)
        I: Hyoid bone
        F: Depresses hyoid bone; raises larynx
    

Term
Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle of the Neck
Definition
Ant.: sternocleidomastoid
Pos.: trapezius
Inf.: middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Roof: superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia
Floor: muscles of neck covered by pre-vertebral fascia

Term
Boundaries of the Muscular Triangle of the Neck
Definition
Supero-lat.: omohyoid muscle (superior belly)
Infero-lat.: sternocleidomastoid
Med.: median plane of the neck
Contents: infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands
Term
Boundaries of the Submandibular Triangle of the Neck
Definition
Sup.: inferior border of the mandible
Ant.-inf.: digastric muscle (anterior belly)
Post.-inf.: digastric muscle (posterior belly)
Roof: Superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
Floor: mylohyoid, hypoglossus muscles
Contents: submandibular gland, facial artery/vein, stylohyoid muscle, hypoglossal nerve, lymph nodes
 
Term
Omohyoid
Definition
        N: Anterior rami of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis
        O: Scapula
        I: Hyoid bone
        F: Depresses, fixes hyoid bone

Term
Digastric
Definition
Anterior belly
            N: V3
            O: Digastric fossa
            I: Hyoid bone
            F: Opens mouth; raises hyoid bone
Posterior belly
            N: Facial nerve
            O: Mastoid notch
            I: Hyoid bone
            F: Opens mouth; raises hyoid bone

Term
Stylohyoid
Definition
        N: Facial nerve
        O: Styloid process
        I: Hyoid bone
        F: Pulls hyoid bone upward

Term
Mylohyoid
Definition
        N: Mylohyoid nerve via V3
        O: Mylohyoid line
        I: Hyoid bone
        F: Support/elevation of floor of mouth

Term
Boundaries of Submental Triangle of the Neck
Definition
    Right/left:     digastric muscles (anterior bellies)
    Inf.:         hyoid bone
    Roof:        Superficial layer of deep cervical fascia
    Floor:         mylohyoid muscle

Term
Cricothyroid
Definition
N: External branch of superior laryngeal nerve (from vagus)
O: Arch of cricoid cartilage
I: (Oblique part) lesser horn of hyoid; (straight part) thyroid cartilage
F: Forward/downward rotation of thyroid cartilage at cricothyroid joint

Term
Splenius Capitis
Definition
    N: Posterior rami of middle cervical nerves
    O: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T4
    I: Mastoid process
    F: Bend head backwards, rotate head to side

Term
Anterior scalene
Definition
        N: Anterior rami of C4-C7
        O: Transverse processes of C3-C4
        I: Scalene tubercle, rib 1
        F: Elevation of rib 1

Term
Middle Scalene
Definition
        N: Anterior rami of C3-C7
        O: Transverse processes of C2-C7
        I: Rib 1
        F: Elevation of rib 1

Term
Posterior Scalene
Definition
        N: Anterior rami of C5-C7
        O: Transverse processes of C4-C6
        I: Rib 2
        F: Elevation of rib 2

Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
        N: Cervical nerve, dorsal scapular nerve
        O: Transverse processes of C1-C4
        I: Medial border of scapula
        F: Elevates scapula

Term
Masseter
Definition
        N: Mandibular (V3)
        O: Zygomatic arch, maxilla
        I: Coronoid process of mandible
        F: Closing the mouth, retraction of the mandible
Term
Orbicularis Oris
Definition
        N: Zygomatic branch of facial nerve
        O: Frontal bone, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone
        I: Lateral palpebral raphe
        F: Closes eyelids
Term
Buccinator
Definition
        N: Buccal branch of facial nerve
        O: Alveolar process of maxilla, mandible, pterygomandibular raphe
        I: Orbicularis oris fibers
        F: Keeps food in center of mouth, tightens cheeks
Term
Levator Labii Superioris
Definition
        N: Buccal branch of facial nerve
        O: Medial infraorbital margin
        I: Skin/muscle of upper lip (labii superioris)
        F: Elevates upper lip
Term
Zygomaticus Major
Definition
        N: Buccal branch of facial nerve
        O: Zygomatic bone (anterior)
        I: Modiolus of mouth
        F: Draws angle of mouth upward and laterally
Term
Orbicularis Oris
Definition
        N: Buccal branch of facial nerve
        O: Maxilla, mandible
        I: Skin around lips
        F: Tightening of lips (“sphincter of the mouth”)
Term
Depressor Anguli Oris
Definition
        N: Mandibular branch of facial nerve
        O: Tubercle of mandible
        I: Modiolus of mouth
        F: Depresses angle of mouth
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