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muscles of facial expression and mastication
physical therapy gross anatomy muscles of facial expression and mastication
86
Anatomy
Graduate
10/12/2011

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Term
what 3 things determine the basic shape of the face?
Definition
shape of underlying bones, amount and distribution of subcutaneous tissue (fat and fascia), facial musculature
Term
what are the 2 parts of the mandible?
Definition
body and ramus
Term
what part of the mandible forms the prominence of the chin?
Definition
mental protuberance
Term
what passes through supraorbital foramen?
Definition
supraorbital nerves and vessels
Term
what passes through infraorbital foramen?
Definition
infraorbital nerves and vessels
Term
what passes through mental foramen?
Definition
mental nerve and vessels
Term
where is stylomastoid foramen?
Definition
between styloid and mastoid processes
Term
what passes through stylomastoid foramen?
Definition
facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
where is pterion?
Definition
at intersection of parietal, frontal, sphenoid, and temporal bones
Term
what lies directly underneath pterion?
Definition
middle meningeal artery
Term
what is the calvaria?
Definition
upper part of the skull
Term
what can a fracture of the calvaria at the pterion cause?
Definition
laceration of middle meningeal artery resulting in epidural hematoma
Term
what innervates all muscles of facial expression?
Definition
facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
what do muscles of facial expression originate from?
Definition
bone or fascia
Term
what do muscles of facial expression insert into?
Definition
skin
Term
what are the 2 parts of the orbicularis oculi?
Definition
orbital (peripheral) portion and palpebral (eyelid) portion
Term
what is the action of the orbicularis oculi?
Definition
closes eyelids and protects eye/cornea
Term
what innervates orbicularis oculi?
Definition
facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
what kind of blink does palpebral portion do?
Definition
light blink
Term
what kind of blink does orbital portion do?
Definition
tight blink
Term
what does orbicularis oris do?
Definition
compresses and protrudes lips, closes lips, helps keep food between teeth
Term
what innervates orbicularis oris?
Definition
facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
what does the buccinator do
Definition
presses cheeks against teeth to aid in chewing, used to expel air while playing a wind instrument
Term
what duct pierces buccinator?
Definition
duct of parotid gland
Term
what innervates buccinator?
Definition
facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
what is the action of the frontalis?
Definition
wrinkles forehead, elevates eyebrow as in surprise
Term
what innervates the frontalis?
Definition
facial nerve (CN VII)
Term
what is the occipitofrontalis muscle?
Definition
occipitalis + frontalis
Term
what is the action of the depressor anguli oris?
Definition
depressor of the angle of the mouth (frowning0
Term
what is the action of the zygomaticus major?
Definition
laughing and smiling
Term
what is the action of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Definition
raises upper lip (billy idol)
Term
what two arteries vascularize face?
Definition
external carotid artery and internal carotid artery
Term
what do the branches of the external and internal carotid arteries do in the face?
Definition
perfuse tissues and anastomose with one another
Term
the facial artery is a branch of which artery?
Definition
external carotid
Term
what vein provides the majority of the veinous drainage of the face?
Definition
facial vein
Term
what courses with the facial vein?
Definition
facial artery
Term
what does the facial vein drain into?
Definition
internal jugular vein
Term
why can blood in facial vein flow in either direction?
Definition
they have no valves
Term
describe facial vein in face/head
Definition
has many connections/channels that pass into deeper regions of head where the channels interconnect with "intracranial veins and sinuses"
Term
what are the muscles of mastication?
Definition
temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids
Term
what innervates the muscles of mastication?
Definition
motor root of trigeminal nerve (CNV)
Term
what is the action of the temporalis, masseter, and lateral and medial pterygoids?
Definition
move the mandible
Term
masseter O I A N
Definition
O: zygomatic arch; I: lateral surface of ramus and angle of mandible; A: elevates, retracts, protrudes jaw; N: trigeminal nerve CNV
Term
temporalis OIAN
Definition
O: temporal fossa, I: coronoid process, A: elevates and retracts mandible, N: trigeminal nerve CNV
Term
lateral pterygoid OIAN
Definition
O: lateral surface lateral pterygoid plate, infratemporal surfrace sphenoid, I: articular disc, TMJ capsule, fovea of condyle; A: protrusion to open mouth, moves mandblie toward opposite side; N: trigeminal nerve CNV
Term
medial pterygoid OIAN
Definition
O: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate, tuberosity of the maxilla; I: internal surface of ramus and angle of mandible; A: elevates mandible to assist in protrusion; N: trigeminal nerve CNV
Term
what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint?
Definition
bilateral modified hinge-type synovial joint
Term
what are the articular surfaces involved in the temporomandibular joint?
Definition
condyle of the mandible, articular tubercle of temporal bone, mandibular fossa
Term
what surrounds the temporomandibular joint?
Definition
loose articular capsule
Term
what is the lateral temporomandibular ligament?
Definition
a thick intrinsic ligament that strengthens and helps prevent posterior dislocation of the temporomandibular joint
Term
what is the stylomandibular joint?
Definition
thick extrinsic ligament from styloid process to mandible
Term
what is the sphenomandibular ligament/
Definition
extrinsic ligament that helps support mandible
Term
what does the articular disc of the TMJ do?
Definition
divides the joint into 2 separate compartments
Term
what are the 2 compartments that the articular disc divides the TMJ into?
Definition
upper synovial cavity and lower synovial cavity
Term
what is the upper synovial cavity of the TMJ?
Definition
where gliding movements occur (Protrusion and retrusion)
Term
what happens in the lower synovial cavity of the TMJ?
Definition
where rotational movements occur (depression and elevation)
Term
how are TMJ movements more complex than a simple hinge joint?
Definition
they require several muscles acting together on the mandible and articular disc
Term
what happens to open the mouth?
Definition
lateral pterygoids contract, disc and condyle slide anteriorly, condyle protrudes beneath the articular tubercle
Term
what happens to close the mouth?
Definition
lateral pterygoids relax which permits retrusion of articular disc and condyle back to mandibular fossa in upper synovial cavity, retrusion is assisted by the temporalis and masseter
Term
what is the largest salivary gland?
Definition
parotid gland
Term
what encloses the parotid gland?
Definition
tough fascial sheath that is a continuation of the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
Term
what duct does the parotid gland drain through?
Definition
parotid duct
Term
describe path of parotid duct
Definition
from parotid gland passes superficial to masseter muscle, pierces buccinator, and enters oral cavity
Term
what innervates the parotid gland?
Definition
glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) = parasympathetic innervation
Term
what 2 structures pass through the parotid gland?
Definition
facial nerve (CN VII), external carotid
Term
describe path of facial nerve CN VII
Definition
exits skull via stylomastoid foramen, goes into parotid gland, divides into terminal branches
Term
what are the terminal branches of facial nerve CN VII
Definition
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
Term
what is the result of injury to the facial nerve?
Definition
paralysis of facial muscles on the affected side
Term
why are facial nerves subject to injury?
Definition
because they are superficial
Term
what is bell's palsy?
Definition
idiopathic facial nerve palsy
Term
bell's palsy is most common in which age groups?
Definition
30-60
Term
what does external carotid artery do within parotid gland?
Definition
divides into its terminal branches: maxillary, superficial temporal
Term
what is the great sensory nerve of the face?
Definition
trigeminal nerve
Term
what is the trigeminal ganglion
Definition
sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve that resides in the cranial cavity
Term
what is in the trigeminal ganglion?
Definition
cell bodies of sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve
Term
what are the 3 main divisions of the trigeminal nerve CNV?
Definition
opthalmic division, maxillary division, mandibular division
Term
describe the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve
Definition
conveys general sensory (GSA) information
Term
describe the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Definition
conveys general sensory (GSA) information
Term
describe the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
Definition
conveys general sensory (GSA) information, also carries motor fibers to innervate muscles of mastication
Term
what is a sensory branch from the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
supraorbital nerve
Term
what is a sensory branch from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
infraorbital nerve
Term
what is a sensory branch from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
Definition
mental
Term
where does the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve provide cutaneous innervation?
Definition
between eyes and forehead (frontal bone region)
Term
where does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve provide cutaneous innervation?
Definition
between eyes and mouth (maxillary bone region)
Term
where does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve provide cutaneous innervation?
Definition
mandibular region
Term
what muscles do the motor fibers of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve innervate?
Definition
masseter, termporalis, pterygoids, mylohyoid, anterior digastric
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