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Muscles and Their Functions
List of main muscles throughout the body and their functions
56
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/02/2013

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Term
Epicranius with Galea Aponeurotica (Frontalis & Occipitalis)
Definition
Raise eyebrows & pull scalp posterior
Term
Obicularis Occuli
Definition
Closes eye
Term
Obicularis Oris
Definition
Closes lips
Term
Buccinator
Definition
Compresses Cheek, assists during chewing
Term
6 extrinisic Mm of eye (4 rectus & 2 oblique) Pg 550 on 2nd Lab Test
Definition
Voluntary Eye Movements
Term
Masseter
Definition
Elevates mandible
Term
Temporalis
Definition
Elevate & retracts mandible
Term
Medial & Lateral Pterygoids (unable to see these superfically)
Definition
Synergist that promotes side to side motion of mandible
Term
Tongue- Genioglossus
Definition
Movement of tongue for speech, chew and swallow
Term
Suprahyoid Muscles- Pg 334 in text Table 10.3 Group Function
Definition
Elevate hyoid & larynx during swallow
Term
Infrahyoid Muscle- Pg 334 in text Table 10.3 Group Function
Definition
Depress hyoid & larynx with swallow/speak
Term
Platysma (on cadaver)
Definition
Tenses skin of anterior neck and depresses mandible
Term
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle (SCM)
Definition
Unilateral action rotate & flex; bilateral action neck flexion
Term
Scalenes (ant, middle & post) respiratory system
Definition
Elevate ribs 1 & 2
Term
Erector Spinae (iliocostalis, longissmius & spinalis) Pg 339 Fig 10.9
Definition
Extend Spine
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
Primary muscle of respiration
Term
External Intercostal
Definition
Elevate rib cage for inspiration
Term
Internal Intercostals
Definition
Draws ribs together for forced expiration
Term
Rectus Abdominus
Definition
Flexes spine and trunk
Term
External Oblique
Definition
Rotates spine & trunk
Term
Internal Oblique
Definition
Rotates spine & trunk
Term
Transversus Abdominus
Definition
Compresses abdominal contents
Term
Pelvic Diaphragm (Levator Ani & Ishiococcygeus)
Definition
Resist inferior force of cough, sneeze, bowel mov't, birth
Term
Trapezius
Definition
Elevates scapula & extend head/neck
Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
Elevates scapula
Term
Rhomboids Major and Minor
Definition
Retract scapula
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
Flexion of humerus
Term
Latissmus Dorsi
Definition
Extension of humerus
Term
Teres Major
Definition
Synergist Extension of humerus
Term
Deltoid
Definition
Primarily Abduction of humerus
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
Fixator of shoulder & Synergist Internal Rotation of humerus
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
Fixator of shoulder & Synergist First 10 degrees of abduction
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
Fixator of shoulder & Synergist External rotation of humerus
Term
Teres Minor
Definition
Fixator of shoulder & Synergist External rotation of humerus
Term
Triceps Brachii
Definition
Primary Extensor of elbow
Term
Biceps Brachii
Definition
Primary Flexor of elbow & powerful supinator of forearm
Term
Brachialis
Definition
Primary Flexor of elbow
Term
Brachioradialis- most lateral muscle of the forearm
Definition
Syergist Flexion of elbow
Term
Anterior Forearm & Finger Flexor Group - Know Group Function ONLY
Definition
Flexion of wrist and fingers
Term
Posterior Forearm & Finger Extensor Group - Know Group Function ONLY
Definition
Extension of wrist and fingers
Term
Iliopsoas (Psoas Major & Iliacus muscles blend together)
Definition
Primary Hip Flexor
Term
Sartorius
Definition
Synergist, Flex knee/hip & External rot femur
Term
Adductor Group (Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus & Gracillis)
Definition
Adductus Hip
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
Extension of Knee & Flexion of hip
Term
Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis & Vastus Intermedialis
Definition
Extension of Knee
Term
Tensor Fascia Lata
Definition
Synergist for Flexion & Abduction of Hip
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
Extension of Hip
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
Abduction of Hip
Term
Piriformis
Definition
External rotation of hip and thigh, Fixator of hip
Term
Biceps Femoris
Definition
2 Primary functions= flexion of knee & Extension of hip
Term
Semitendinosis & Semimembranosis
Definition
2 Primary functions= flexion of knee & Extension of hip
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
Dorsi flexion of foot, 2ndary function of inversion
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Definition
Extension of toes
Term
Fibularis Longus
Definition
Eversion of foot
Term
Soleus
Definition
Strongest Plantar Flexor
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
Plantar Flexion
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