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Muscle Vocab
All vocab for muscle unit test.
111
Anatomy
12th Grade
11/20/2012

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Term
muscle fiber 
Definition
a muscle cell
Term
myofilaments
Definition
filament that constitutes myofibrils. Of two types: actin and myosin.
Term
sarcolemma
Definition
The plasma membrane surface of a muscle fiber.
Term
sarcoplasm
Definition
The nonfibrillar cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
Muscle composed of cyndrilical multinucleate cells with obvious striations; the muscle(s) attached to the body's skeleton; voluntary muscle.
Term
voluntary muslce
Definition
Muscle under strict nervous control; skeltal muscle.
Term
involuntary muslce
Definition
Muscles that cannot be ordinarily be controlled voluntarily.
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
specialized muscle of the heart
Term
Smooth Muscle
Definition
Spindle shaped cells with one centrally located nucleus and no externally visible striations (bands). Found mainly in most of the hollow organs.
Term

Irritability

 

Definition
Ability to respond to stimuli. 
Term
Contractility
Definition
Muscle cell's ability to move by shortening. 
Term
Extensibility
Definition
ability of muscle to perform movement that increases the angle of a joint. 
Term
Excitability
Definition
ablitiy to receive and respond to a stimulus. 
Term
Contractility
Definition
ability to shorten forcibily when adequately stimulated. 
Term
Extensibility
Definition
ability to be stretched or extended.
Term
Elasticity
Definition
ability of a muscle fiber to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched.
Term
Epimysium
Definition
An overcoat of dense irregular connective tissue surrounds the whole muscle. (Outside the muscle)
Term
Perimysium
Definition
A layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle.
Term
Fasicles
Definition
What skeletal muscle fibers are grouped into. They resemble bundles of sticks .
Term
Endomysium
Definition
Within a fasicle, each muscle fiber is surrounded by a fine sheath of connective tissue consisting mostly of reticular fibers called this...
Term
Origin
Definition
Attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction.
Term
Insertion
Definition
Movable attachment of a muscle. 
Term
Action
Definition
Term
Aponeurosis
Definition
Fibrous or membranous sheet connecting a muscle and the part it moves. 
Term
Direct attachment
Definition
This occurs when the epimysium of the muscle is fused to the periosteum of a bone or perichondirum of a cartilage. 
Term
Indirect attachment
Definition
Occurs when the muscle's connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike tendonor a sheetlike aponeurosis.
Term
Myoglobin
Definition
A red pigment that stores oxygen within the muscle cells. 
Term
Myofibrils
Definition
Rodlike bundle of contractile filaments (myofilaments) found in muscle cells.
Term
A Bands
Definition

The dark-staining anisotropic cross striations in the myofibrils of muscle fibres, comprising regions of overlapping thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments.

 
Term
I Band
Definition
Term
M Line
Definition
Term
Z Disc
Definition
Term
Actin
Definition
A contractile protein of muscle
Term
Myosin
Definition
One of the principle contractile proteins found in muscle
Term
Cross Bridges
Definition
Term
Tropomyosin
Definition
Term
Troponin
Definition
Term
Elastic Filament
Definition
Term
Titin
Definition
Term
Terminal Cisternae
Definition
Term
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
Specialized endoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells. 
Term
T Tubules
Definition
Extension of the muslce cell plasma membrane (sarcolemma) that protrudes deeply into the muscle cell.
Term
Triad
Definition
Term
Contraction
Definition
To shorten or develop tension, an ability highly developed in muscle cells
Term
Relaxation
Definition
Term
Sliding Filament Theory
Definition
Term
Neuromuscular Junction
Definition
Region where a motor neuron comes into close contact with a skeletal muscle cell.
Term
ACh
Definition
Term
motor end plate
Definition
Troughlike part of a muscle fiber's sarcolemma that helps form the neruromuscluar junction.
Term
depolarization
Definition
Loss of a state of polarity; loss or reduction of negative membrane potential.
Term
action potential
Definition
A large transient depolarization event, including polarity reversal, that is conducted along the membrane of a muscle cell or a nerve fiber.
Term
repolarization
Definition
Movement of the membrane potential to the initial resting (polarized) state.
Term
refractory period
Definition
Period during which an excitable cell is not responsive to a threshold stimulus.
Term
AChE
Definition
Term
muscle tension
Definition
The force exerted by a contracting muscle on some object.
Term
load
Definition
Term
motor unit
Definition
A motor neuron and all the muscle cells it stimulates.
Term
myogram
Definition
A graphic recording of mechanical contractile activity produced by an apparatus that measures muscle contraction. 
Term
muscle twitch
Definition
The response of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus.
Term
latent period
Definition
Period of time between stimulation and the onset of muscle contraction. 
Term
period of contraction
Definition
Term
period of relaxation
Definition
Term
graded response
Definition
Variations in the degree of muscle contraction by changing either the frequency or strength of the stimulus.
Term
wave summation
Definition
Term
incomplete tetanus
Definition
Term
complete tetanus
Definition
Term
multiple motor unit summation
Definition
Term
threshold stimulus
Definition
Weakest stimulus capable of producing a response in an irritable tissue. 
Term
maximal stimulus
Definition
Term
treppe 
Definition
Term
muscle tone
Definition
Sustained partial contraction of a muscle in response to stretch receptor inputs; keeps the muscle health and ready to act.
Term
isotonic contraction
Definition
Contraction in which muscle tension remains constant at a given joint angle and load, and the muscle shortens.
Term
isometric contraction
Definition
Contraction in which muscle tension remains constant at a given joint angle and load, and the muscle shortens.
Term
concentric contraction
Definition
Term
eccentric contraction
Definition
Term
ATP
Definition
Organic molecule that stores and releases chemical energy for use in body cells.
Term
Creatine Phosphate
Definition
Compound that serves as an alternative energy source for muscle tissue.
Term
Creatine Kinase
Definition
Enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from phosphocreatine to ADP; forming creatine and ATP; important in muscle contraction.
Term
Anaerobic respiration
Definition
Term
aerobic respiration
Definition
Respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products.
Term
oxidative phosphorylation 
Definition
Process of ATP synthesis during which an inorganic phosphate group is attached to ADP; occurs via the electron transport chain within the mitochondria. 
Term
aerobic endurance
Definition
The length of a time a muscle can continue to contract using aerobic pathways.
Term
anaerobic threshold
Definition
The point at which muscle metabolism converts to anaerboic glycolysis. 
Term
muscle fatigue
Definition
Term
contractures
Definition
Term
oxygen debt
Definition
The volume of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactic acid formed during exercise
Term
internal tension
Definition
Term
external tension
Definition
Term
length-tension relationship
Definition
Term
fast twitch fibers
Definition
Term
slow twitch fiber
Definition
Term
slow oxidative fibers
Definition
Term
fast oxidative fibers
Definition
Term
fast glycolytic fibers
Definition
Term
peristalis
Definition
Progressive, wavelike contractions that move foodstuffs through the alimentary tube organs (or that move other substances through other hollow body organs. 
Term
diffuse junctions
Definition
Term
calmodulin
Definition
Term
myosin light chain kinase
Definition
Term
DMD
Definition
Term
Agonist
Definition
Muscle that bears the major responsibilty for effecting a particular movement; a prime mover.
Term
Antagonist
Definition
Muscle that reverses, or opposes, the action of another muscle. 
Term
fixators
Definition
Muscle that immobilzes one or more bones, allowing other muscles to act from a stable base.
Term
flexion
Definition
Movement that decreases the angle of the joint.
Term
extension
Definition
Movement that increases the angle of a joint
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
Term
inversion
Definition
turning foot in toward midline
Term
eversion
Definition
turning sole of foot away from midline
Term
circumduction
Definition
Movement of a body part so that it outlines a cone in space. 
Term
abductor
Definition
Muscle that moves away from the midline of the body.
Term
adductor
Definition
Muscle that moves toward the midline of the body.
Term
rotation
Definition
The turning of a bone around itw own long axis.
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