Term
| a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it innervates |
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Definition
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Term
| stimulation of additional motor units will increase the strength of contraction. this process is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| muscles of the eye need to make precise small movements. what size are the motor units in the eye? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the interneuron located |
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Definition
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Term
| muscles of the thigh exhibit gross movement. what size are the motor units in the thigh? |
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Definition
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Term
| random asynchronous motor unit contractions provide a low level tension and resistance to stretch called muscle: |
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Definition
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Term
| what will happen to a muscle if the motor neuron is cut? |
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Definition
| muscle will become flaccid |
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Term
| where is the motor neuron located? |
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Definition
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Term
| the synapse between a motor neuron and the muscle it innervates is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| a muscle contraction in response to a single stimulus of adequate strength is called |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the phases of a single muscle twitch? |
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Definition
| contraction, latent, relaxation |
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Term
| an increase in the strength of the stimulus will cause an increase in tension development caused by: |
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Definition
| recruitment of more motor units |
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Term
| the development of tension i a muscle, in response to a single stimulus above threshold, is called a muscle: |
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Definition
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Term
| the shortest phase of a muscle twitch, usually lasting less than 5 milliseconds, is called the: |
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Definition
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Term
| sarcomeres lengthen during which phase/ period of muscle twitch? |
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Definition
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Term
| when a second stimulus is applied before complete relaxation, there is a greater development of tension. what is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| during the initial phase of a muscle contraction, each successive stimulus produces a slightly stronger contraction because of increased muscle warming and efficiency of enzymes. this phase is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| with rapid, multiple stimulations, the contraction- relaxation cycles are shorter but there still is some degree of relaxation. this stage in the multiple stimuli graph is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| with rapid, multiple stimulations, the contractions fuse into a smooth, continuous contraction. this stage in the multiple stimuli graph is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| which muscle will give the highest tension (force of contraction) when stimulated- all else being equal among muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| for treppe to be demonstrated by a muscle stimulated multiple times, the sequential stimulations must not happen until the muscle has completed the relaxation phase of the previous twitch. t or f: |
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Definition
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Term
| which is most likely to happen to the body: overstretched skeletal muscles or cardiac muscles? |
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Definition
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Term
| calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during which period of muscle contraction? |
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Definition
| latent period of muscle contraction |
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Term
| as the stimulus voltage was increased in this activity, what happened to the muscle force generated |
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Definition
| the muscle force generated increased |
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Term
| the sarcomeres are increasing in length, the force generated decreases during which phase: |
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Definition
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Term
| release of acetylcholine and electrical stimulation can trigger: |
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Definition
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Term
| what happened from the latency period of the muscle twitch when you cahnged the stimulation from 3 to 5 volts? |
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Definition
| the latency period stayed the same |
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Term
| in a lab, a researcher finds that the threshold stimulus to induce an action potential in a muscle fiber's sarcolemma was 3 volts. which of the following voltages would result in muscle tension in the muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| lowest stimulus voltage that induces active force in the skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| increasing the applied voltage in the stimulation corresponds to which in vivo event? |
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Definition
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Term
| as the stimulus voltage increased, the resulting muscle tension: |
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Definition
| increased to a point until it reached a plateau |
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Term
| at what stimulus voltage does the masimal contraction occur (in other words: what is the maximal stimulus?) if you increase the voltage at this point, will the contraction also increase? |
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Definition
| it was 8.5. if you increase further, NO, it will not increase the force of the reaction |
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Term
| cross bridge cycling takes place during which phase of the muscle twitch? |
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Definition
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Term
| the progressive increase in the force generated with repetitive stimulation |
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Definition
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Term
1.) the consecutive stimuli must be delivered to the muscle relatively close together
2.) the muscle must have completed relaxation phase before being stimulated again
these together will achieve: |
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Definition
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Term
| when the frequency of stimulation of a muscle is great enough: |
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Definition
| wave summation results and muscle twitches overlap |
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Term
| what happens to the muscle force generated when wave summation occurs? |
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Definition
| the muscle force greatly increases |
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Term
| muscle fibers are partially contracted when the next stimulus arrives: |
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Definition
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Term
| what would result in complete or incomplete tetnus: |
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Definition
| increasing the stimulus frequency |
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Term
| to transition from incomplete tetnus to complete tetnus: |
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Definition
| stimulus frequency increased |
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Term
| relationship between stimulus frequency and muscle tension: when stimulus frequency ____ muslce tension ____ |
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Definition
| when stimulus frequency increases, muscle tension increases to a maximum value |
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Term
| why would a muscle force decrease over time: |
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Definition
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Term
| does duration of the rest period affect muscle tension (force of contraction)? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ the duration of the rest period ____ the duration the maximal force can be maintained |
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Definition
| increasing the duration of the rest period increased the duration the maximal force can be maintained |
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Term
| what occurs on a molecular level during rest periods: |
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Definition
| intracellular ADP and inorganic phosphate are DECREASING |
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Term
| graph: stimulation: one smooth hump increase to a point then decrease |
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Definition
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Term
| graph: during muscle twitch: first period when at zero and flat lining |
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Definition
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Term
| graph: 3 consecutive waves, each is a little bitter |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ for a muslce is the lowest stimulation that produces maximum contraction for a muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| single muscle twitch graph: what is the increase sloped section? |
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Definition
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Term
| graph of a wavy slope that's steadily going up: |
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Definition
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Term
| first number where contraction starts: |
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Definition
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Term
| column graph, increasing until 7, then plateaus: describes what phenomenon? |
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Definition
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Term
| measuring force of contraction: waves going up, plateaus, then decreases (as stimulation more and more frequent) |
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Definition
| temporal (wave) summation |
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Term
| decreasing part of temporal (wave) summation graph |
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Definition
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Term
| temporal (wave) summation graph: which part is the plateuing part |
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Definition
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Term
| the force of contraction produced with a single stimulation when all motor units have been recruited: |
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Definition
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Term
| during which phase are calcium ions actively transported back into the terminal cisternae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what changes from incomplete tetanus to complete tetnus? |
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Definition
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Term
| a smooth, sustained contraction: |
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Definition
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Term
| if the threshold stimulus is 3v, 2v is: |
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Definition
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Term
| stimulation voltage vs. force of contraction graph: what is changing to cause a difference in tension: |
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Definition
| number of motor units recruited |
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Term
| sarcolemma and T tubules depolarize: |
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Definition
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Term
| build up of acidic compounds which affects protein functioning happens during which phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| phase when sarcomeres shorten: |
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Definition
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Term
| decline inn a muslces ability to maintain a constant force of contraction after prolonged repetitive stimulation: |
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Definition
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