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Muscle Exam
Honors Anatomy studying for questions like What are characteristics of smooth muscle
29
Anatomy
12th Grade
11/29/2016

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Term
What simple sugar is used to create ATP?
Definition
Glucose is the simple sugar used to create ATP!
Term
What are two ways that Glucose can become ATP?
Definition
Anaerobically and Aerobically meaning without oxygen and with oxygen.
Term
What is ATP?
Definition
Adenosine Triphosphate and it's one of the sources your body uses for energy.
Term
When Glucose is broken down to ATP aerobically, how many ATP molecules are produced?
Definition
34
Term
When Glucose is broken down to ATP anaerobically, how many ATP molecules are produced?
Definition
2
Term
Which way is Glucose broken down into ATP faster? Aerobically or anaerobically?
Definition
Anaerobically (without Oxygen)
Term
What are three advantages to producing ATP aerobically?
Definition
It is more efficient to produce ATP this way because more ATP is produced if you compare it to anaerobic Glucose break down. 2. A lot of ATP is produced. 3. No lactic acid
Term
What does lactic acid do?
Definition
Lactic acid changes the PH of the Glucose that is breaking down into ATP and it makes you weak.
Term
What are three advantages of producing ATP anaerobically?
Definition
No Oxygen is required, so if you are not breathing, your body is still able to create energy without using Oxygen, which will let you live longer. My teacher says that "You aren't dead when you run out of Oxygen, you're dead when you run out of energy." (paraphrased) Some people have been underwater for a ridiculous amount of time, especially children, and they survived(not all though). It seems that that only happens when children fall into cold water though? 2. faster, burn it, produce 1000000 ATP's faster. 3. Produce more power.
Term
What are three disadvantages of producing ATP aerobically?
Definition
It's slow, no power and can only work as fast as you get more Oxygen.
Term
What are two disadvantages of producing ATP anaerobically?
Definition
inefficient-doesn't last long and lactic acid happens as a result of the anaerobic break down of Glucose and lactic acid makes you weak
Term
What color are Oxygen carrying molecules?
Definition
dark colored
Term
Characteristics of the white meat on your Thanksgiving Turkey?
Definition
no Oxygen, few capillaries, fast twitch muscles, no myoglobin which stores and carries Oxygen.
Term
Characteristics of the dark meat on your Thanksgiving Turkey?
Definition
slow twitch muscle fibers, blood supply, capillaries, endurance, myoglobin which carries and stores Oxygen and dark meat is on the Turkey legs lol.
Term
What kind of muscle fibers do people have, light or dark? What percentage are people's muscles dark colored? What percentage are people's muscles light colored?
Definition
People have mixed muscle fibers that are light, and dark and are not separated. People's muscles are usually 40-60% or 50/50% light and dark muscle.
Term
Can you actually switch your muscles from being fast twitch muscle fibers to slow or slow to fast?
Definition
Yes.
Term
Which type of muscle fibers are superior/ more important in nature's opinion(God's opinion actually)?
Definition
slow twitch and it's actually easier to switch from fast to slow than slow to fast.
Term
When your body runs out of energy, it needs to find another source of energy. What are the energy sources your body will use in order and how long can you use those sources for before they run out?
Definition
First energy source your body will use-ATP and you can use it for the first four seconds of any musclular activity. 2. Creatine Phosphate-eight to thirty seconds. 3. Respiration using Glucose already present in the cell for five to ten seconds. 4. Respiration using Glycogen you have in the cell for fifteen seconds. 5. What the bloodstream can bring , mostly from the liver, any resources from creatine and step 5 is where endurance runners get the rest of their energy for the rest of their run.
Term
Why do cells get bigger?
Definition
Because the cells are storing up fuel in the cell.
Term
What is water weight?
Definition
It's gaining weight because water is going into the muscles.
Term
How do you get energy from Creatine Phosphate?
Definition
When ATP is used it goes from looking like this A-P-P-P to A-P-P. It has now become and ADP or an Adenosine Diphosphate.The Creatine gives one of it's own phosphates to the ADP to turn the ADP back into an ATP which can be used for energy again. It's a cycle that can give you eight to thirty seconds of energy.
Term
What does it mean when I say: bifurcated heart muscle?
Definition
If one cell in the heart contracts, two others will, then four more. Basically, one cell in the heart contracts and creates a wave of more contractions.
Term
what is a muscle's anatomy like?
Definition
It's a bundle of fascicles surrounded by a membrane called an epimysium.
Term
What is a fascicle's anatomy like?
Definition
It's a bundle of muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium .
Term
What is a muscle fiber's anatomy like?
Definition
It's a bundle of myofibrils surrounded by endomysium.
Term
What is a myofibril's anatomy like?
Definition
It's a bundle of myofilaments, the protien actin and myosin.
Term
What is Myasthenia Gravis and it's symptoms and treatment?
Definition
Description or MOI: It's when your body's Immune system produces antibodies that block receptors from recieving ACh-ase and therefore allowing fewer ACh neurotransmitters to give your muscles nerve signals which causes weakening.
SS: difficulty breathing, using hands or arms, swallowing, seeing, facial muscles weakening, difficulty holding up head, limited facial expressions. TX: drugs that destroy ACh-ase(what stops muscle twitches). These kind of drugs are called immunosupressants.
Term
What is Botulism
Definition
Think Black plague/death just as a memory trick even though there's no relation between these two things. Botulism is the most serious form of food poisoning caused by botulinum toxin/botox. Botox is the most poisonous substance to mankind.
Term
What are some details about botulinum toxin/botox?
Definition
It comes from a bacterium called Clostridium botulinim, which is cousin to Tetanus. The bacterium
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