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Muscle Actions
Actions of specific muscles
86
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/21/2016

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Term
Temporalis
Definition
action: elevation of mandible in chewing
Term
Masseter
Definition
action: elevation of mandible, protraction and retraction of mandible (weak), lateral and medial excrusion (weak)
Term
Orbicularis Oculi
Definition
action: sphincter of eyelids (closes eyelids)
Term
Levator Palpabrae Superioris
Definition
action: elevated upper eyelid, opens eye
Term
Orbicularis Oris
Definition
action: closes lips, protrudes lips
Term
Platysma
Definition
action: draws lower lip and angle of mouth downwar, expressions of horror
Term
Sternocleidomastoid
Definition
action: unilateral- tilts head, rotates head
bilateral: draws head forward
Term
Scalenes
Definition
action: bilateral- flexes neck
elevate ribs 1-2
Term
Digastric
Definition
action: depresses mandible, elevates hyoid
Term
Stylohyoid
Definition
action: elevates and retracts hyoid
Term
Mylohyoid
Definition
action: forms floor of mouth, elevates floor of mouth in swallowing
Term
Sternohyoid
Definition
action: depresses hyoid
Term
Sternothyroid
Definition
action: depresses larynx
Term
Omohyoid
Definition
action: depresses hyoid
Term
Thyrohyoid
Definition
action: depresses hyoid
Term
External Intercostals
Definition
action: elevate and protract ribs 2-12
Term
Internal Intercostals
Definition
action: dpress ribs in expiration
Term
Diaphragm
Definition
action: prime mover of inspiration
Term
Rectus Abdominis
Definition
action: flexes trunk, stabilizes pelvic region in walking, compresses abdominal viscera
Term
External Abdominal Oblique
Definition
action: support viscera, stabilize vertebral column
Term
Internal Abdominal Oblique
Definition
action: support viscera, stabilize vertebral column, maintain posture, unilateral causes rotation of waist
Term
Transverse Abdominis
Definition
action: compresses abdominal contents
Term
Iliocostalis
Definition
action: lateral flexion of vertebral column, extension of vertebral column, depression of ribs
Term
Longissimus
Definition
action: unilateral- lateral flexion of vertebral column and rotation of head
bilateral- extension of vertebral
Term
Spinalis
Definition
action: unilateral- lateral flexion of vertebral column
bilateral- extension of vertebral column
Term
Rhomboideus Major
Definition
action: retracts scapula and braces shoulder, fixes scapula during arm movements
Term
Rhomboideus Minor
Definition
action: retracts scapula and braces shoulder, fixes scapula during arm movements
Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition
action: elevates scapula, flexes neck laterally, retracts and braces shoulder
Term
Trapezius
Definition
action: stabilizes scapula and shouler during arm movements, elevates and depresses shoulder, rotates and retracts scapula
Term
Serratus Anterior
Definition
action: with pectoralis minor, draws scapula around chest wall, protracts scapula, and is prime mover in forward reaching and pushing actions, fixes scapula during abduction of arm
Term
Pectoralis Minor
Definition
action: with serratus anterior, draws scapula laterally and forward around chest wall, rotates scapula and depresses apex of shoulder
Term
Deltoid
Definition
action: anterior fibers- flex and medially rotate arm
lateral fibers- abduct arm
posterior fibers- extend and laterally rotate arm
Term
Supraspinatus
Definition
action: aids deltoid in abductiono f arm, supports humeral head
Term
Infraspinatus
Definition
action: modulates action of deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward, rotates humerus laterally
Term
Teres Minor
Definition
action: modulates action of deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward, rotates humerus laterally
Term
Subscapularis
Definition
action: modulates action of deltoid, prevents humeral head from sliding upward, rotates humerus medially
Term
Coracobrachialis
Definition
action: flexes and medially rotates arm
Term
Brachialis
Definition
action: prime mover of elbw flexion
Term
Biceps Brachii
Definition
synergist of elbow flexion, rapid or forceful supination
Term
Triceps Brachii
Definition
action: extends elbow, long head extends and adducts humerus
Term
Pectoralis Major
Definition
action: flexes and adducts and medially rotates humerus
Term
Latissimus Dorsi
Definition
action: adducts and medially rotates humerus, helps move arm posteriorly
Term
Teres Major
Definition
action: extends and medially rotates humerus
Term
Pronator Teres
Definition
action: assists pronator quadratus in pronation
Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Definition
action: flexes wrist anteriorly
Term
Palmaris Longus
Definition
action: anchors skina nd fascia of palmar region
Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Definition
action: flexes wrist anteriorly
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Definition
action: flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Definition
action: flexes wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints
Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Definition
action: flexes phalanges of thumb
Term
Pronator Quadratus
Definition
action: prime mover or forearm pronation
Term
Brachioradialis
Definition
action: flexes elbow
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Definition
action: extends wrist, aids in readial flexion of wrist
Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Definition
action: extends wrist
Term
Extensor Digitorum
Definition
action: extends wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints
Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Definition
action: extends wrist
Term
Supinator
Definition
action: supinate forearm
Term
Anconeus
Definition
action: helps extend elbow
Term
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Definition
abducts thumb in frontal plane, extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Definition
action: extends metacarpal I and proximal phalanx of thumb
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Definition
action: extends distal phalanx I, aids in extending proximal phalanx I and metacarpal I
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Definition
action: abduct and medially rotate thigh, helps shift weight of trunk
Term
Gluteus Medius
Definition
action: abduct and medially rotate thigh, helps shift weight of trunk
Term
Gluteus Maximus
Definition
action: extends thigh at hip, abducts thigh, helps stabilize femur on tibia
Term
Tensor Fascia Latae
Definition
action: extends knee, laterally rotates tibia
Term
Psoas Major
Definition
action: flexion of thigh, lateral rotation of thigh, lateral flexion of trunk
Term
Iliacus
Definition
action: flexiono f thigh, lateral rotation of thgih and lateral flexion of trunk
Term
Pectineus
Definition
action: flexes and adducts thigh
Term
Adductor Longus
Definition
action: adducts and medially rotaes thigh, flexes thigh at hip
Term
Adductor Brevis
Definition
action: adducts thigh
Term
Adductor Magnus
Definition
action: adducts and medially rotates thigh, extends thigh at hip
Term
Gracilis
Definition
action: flexes and medially rotates tibia at knee
Term
Vastus Intermedius
Definition
action: extends knee
Term
Vastus Lateralis
Definition
action: extends knees, aids in fixing patella during knee movements
Term
Vastus Medialis
Definition
action: extends knee, aids in fixing patella during knee movements
Term
Rectus Femoris
Definition
action: extends knee,flexes thigh at hip
Term
Sartorius
Definition
action: aids in knee and hip flexion, abducts and laterally rotates thigh
Term
Biceps Femoris
Definition
action: flexes knee, extends hip
Term
Semimembranosus
Definition
action: flexes knee, medially rotates tibia on femur when tibia is fixed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended
Term
Semitendinosus
Definition
action: flexes knee, medially rotates tibia on femur when tibia is fixed, medially rotates femur when hip is extended
Term
Tibialis Anterior
Definition
action: dorsiflexes and inverts foot
Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Definition
action: extends toes, dorsiflexes foot
Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Definition
action: extends great toe, dosiflexes foot
Term
Fibularis Longus and Brevis
Definition
action: everts and plantar flexes foot
Term
Soleus
Definition
action: plantar flexes foot
Term
Gastrocnemius
Definition
action: plantar flexes foot and flexes knee
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