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muschle & muscle tissues
ch. 10
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/03/2008

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Term
4 functional characteristics of muscle tissue
Definition

contractibility

elasticity

excitability

extensibility

Term
3 basic functions of muscle tissues
Definition

movement

posture maintenance & joint stability

heat generation

Term
movement
Definition
skeletal muscle contractions pull on tendons and move the bones of the skeleton.
Term
posture maintenance and joint stability
Definition
tension in our skeletal muscles maintains body posture.
Term
heat generation
Definition
muscle contractions require energy; whenever energy is used in the body, some of it is converted to heat.  The heat is released by working muscles.  Keeps body temp. in the range required for normal functioning.
Term
3 skeletal muscle wrappings
Definition

epimysium

perimysium

endomysium

Term
epimysium
Definition
surrounds entire muscle w/ dense collagen fibers
Term
perimysium
Definition
divide the skeletal muscle into a series of compartments, each containing a bundle of muscle fibers called a fascicle.
Term
endomysium
Definition
surrounds the individual muscle cells, or muscle fibers.
Term
2 skeletal muscle extensions
Definition

aponeurosis

tendons

Term
aponeurosis
Definition
aka: tendon; bundle of epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium collagen fibers located at the end of each muscle
Term
origin (head)
Definition

least moveable part of muscle

Term
insertion
Definition

most moveable part of muscle

Term
fascicle
Definition
bundle of muscle fibers found w/in the departments in the perimysium
Term
myofibril
Definition
length of muscle cells; sarcoplasm
Term
myofilament
Definition
fine protein filaments composed primarily of the actin proteins
Term
sarcoplasm/sarcoplasmic reticulum
Definition
the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.
Term
T tubule
Definition
the transverse, tubular extensions of the sarcolemma that extend deep into the sarcoplasm, contracting cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Term
myosin (thick filament)
Definition
the protein component of thick filaments
Term
actin (thin filaments)
Definition
the protein component of microfilaments that forms thin filaments in skeletal muscles and produces contractions of all muscles through interaction w/ myosin filaments.
Term
Z line
Definition
mark the boundaries between adjacent sarcomeres.
Term
anisotropic (a) band
Definition
made up of thick filaments located at the center of a sarcomere. Length is equal to normal thick filament.
Term
isotropic (i) band
Definition
extends from A band of one sarcomere to A band of another sarcomere; contains only thin filaments
Term
H zone
Definition
in a resting sarcomere, is the lighter region on either side of M line. Contains only thick filaments.
Term
M line
Definition
dark staining proteins; help stabilize the positions of thick filaments
Term

2 types of actin

Definition

f-actin

g-actin

Term
troponin
Definition
3 globular subunits; one binds to tropomysium, second binds to one g-actin, third binds to 2 calcium ions.
Term
tropomysium
Definition
cover active sites on g-actin and prevent actin/myosin interaction.
Term
myosin cross-bridges
Definition
when the myosin heads interact w/ thin filaments during a contraction.
Term
mitochondria
Definition
intracellular organelle responsible for generating most of the ATP required for cellular operations.
Term
sarcolemma
Definition
the plasma membrane of a muscle cells
Term
5 steps for generation of muscle action potential across the synapse
Definition

1.) The arrival of action potential.

2.) The release of ACh.

3.) ACh binding at the motor end plate.

4.) Appearance of an action potential in the sarcolemma.

5.) Return to initial state.

Term
5 steps of excitation coupling
Definition

1.) Exposure of active sites.

2.) Formation of cross-bridges.

3.) Pivoting of myosin heads.

4.) Detatchment of cross-bridges.

5.) Reactivation of myosin.

Term
muscle twitch
Definition
A single-contraction-relaxation cycle in a skeletal muscle.
Term
aerobic system
Definition
system requiring the presence of oxygen
Term
muscle fatigue
Definition
burning when you've used all oxygen -> oxygen debt
Term
muscle tone
Definition
neck toned to hold up head, posture muscles, etc.
Term
muscle atrophy
Definition
The wasting away of tissues from a lack of use, ischemia, or nutritional abnormalities.
Term
muscle hypertrophy
Definition
An increase in tissue size w/o cell division.
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