Term
| What is the most common demyelinating disease in humans? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Chronic, inflammatory disease of the CNS
Myelin and neurons and axons are destroyed
Plaques form
Periodic loss of neurological function and progressive disability |
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Term
| What is the most common form of MS? |
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Definition
relapsing remitting
Periodic loss of neurological function |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation and scar tissue that forms where myelin is lost in multiple areas |
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Term
| What are MS symptoms that worsen during an increase in body temperature known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F in Classic MS neutrophils will be present in the CSF. |
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Definition
FALSE
lymphocytes may be present but never neutrophils |
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Term
| On MRI of the brain with gadolinium what allows it to enter the brain parenchyma? |
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Definition
| active inflammation and breakdown of the blood brain barrier, showing a new MS plaque |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis |
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Definition
-Clinical Evidence for Lesions that reflect white matter dysfunction in expected age range
-Objective abnormalities on neuro exam
-Lesion must fit into 1 of the following:
1. 2 Episodes >24hrs seperated by 1 month
2. Slow progressive deterioration over 6 months
-Diagnosis made by skilled MD
-No better explanation |
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Term
| What is used to stain normal myelin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What types of cells can be found at the edge of a plague? |
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Definition
Inflammatory response
T-cells
B-Cells
Macrophages
Midroglia |
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Term
| What triggers the symptoms of MS? |
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Definition
| inflammation-> Demyelination-> Axonal Loss |
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Term
| What is the role of TH1 cells in the MS immune response? |
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Definition
Activiated in systemic circulation and cross BBB.
Stimulate B-cells to make Ab
Stimulate Macrophages to make substances that demyelinate or cause axonal damage |
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Term
| What is the role of TH2 cells in the MS immune response? |
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Definition
| Regulate the process and reduce the pro-inflammatory response of the TH1 cells |
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Term
| What do Macrophages produce that can demyelinate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 categories of MS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are Relapsing Forms of MS? |
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Definition
Exacerbations followed by complete or incomplete recovery
Slow, inconsistent accumulation of disability occurs in the majority of patients |
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Term
| How is the progressive form of MS defined? |
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Definition
| Steady progression of disability with few or no exacerbations |
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Term
| What is the gender distribution in primary progressive MS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Weakness, Numbness, Fatigue, vision problems, slurred speech, poor coordination, short-term memory loss, depression, bladder and bowel dysfunction, partial or complete paralysis |
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Term
| What are 4 common demyelinating syndromes? |
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Definition
Optic Neuritis
Myelitis
Brainstem
Cerebellum |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of demyelinating Brainstem syndromes? |
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Definition
Oculomotor
Trigeminal neuralgia, Hemifacial spasm, Bell's Palsy
Vestibulopathy and other cranial neuropathies |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of cerebellar demyelinating syndromes? |
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Definition
Acute ataxia
tremor
eye movement abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
MRI Scan (Gadolinium enhanced)
Spinal Tap
-Elevated Myelin Basic Protein
-oligoclonal Banding
Evoked Potential |
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Term
| What are the markers for MS in the CSF? |
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Definition
Increased IgG index
Presence of oligoclonal bands |
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Term
| How does Evoked response assist in diagnosing MS? |
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Definition
| If the optic nerve is demyelinated from MS, there will be a delay of the P100 or complete absence of it. |
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