Term
Adductor Brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus
Insertion: pectineal line/medial lip of linea aspera
Action: adducts/flexes/laterally rotates thigh
Innervation: ant./post. divisions of obturator nerve (L4, L2, L3)
Arterial Supply: obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery |
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|
Term
Adductor Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: pubis (lateral to pubic symphysis)
Insertion: distal linea aspera, medial border: medial adductor magnus, lateral border: origin of vastus medialis
Action: Adducts/flexes/laterall rotates hip joint
Innervation: anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Arterial Supply: obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral artery |
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|
Term
Adductor Magnus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: ischial ramus, pubic ramus, ischial tuberosity
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur, linea aspera, adductor tubercle
Action: powerful thigh adductor,flex thigh (by superior fibers), extend thigh (vertical fibers)
Innervation: Posterior division of obturator BUT vertical/hamstring part innervated by tibial nerve (L2-4)
Arterial Supply: medial circumflex femoral artery, inferior gluteal artery,obturator artery, some superior muscular branches of popliteal artery, 1st-4th perforating arteries |
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Term
Biceps Femoris - Long head
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: common tendon with ST of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: fibular head, LCL, lateral tibial condyle
Action: knee flexion, tibial lateral rotation, extends hip
Innervation: tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, and the superior muscular branches of popliteal artery |
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|
Term
Biceps Femoris - Short head
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: fibular head, LCL, lateral tibial condyle
Action: knee flexion, tibial lateral rotation.
Innervation: Common fibular nerve (NOT tibial nerve!) (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: perforating branches of profunda femoris, inferior gluteal artery, superior muscular branches of popliteal artery |
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Term
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Lateral condyle of fibula
Insertion: 4 tendon slips after inferior extensor retinaculum, insert onto dorsum of middle/distal phalanges
Action: Extend toes 2-5, dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5, S1)(L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: anterior tibial artery |
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Term
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe
Action: extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
Innervation
Arterial Supply: Anterior tibial artery |
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Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Posterior surface of TIBIA distal to popliteal line (distal tibia)
Insertion: Splits into 4 slips after passing through medial intermuscular septum of plantar surface of foot; these slips then insert on plantar surface of bases of 2nd-5th distal phalanges
Action: Flexes toes 2-5, helps plantar flexion
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S2, S3) (S2, S3)
Arterial Supply: muscular branch of posterior tibial artery |
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Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: inferior 2/3 posterior surface of FIBULA
Insertion: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe
Action: Flexes great toe, helps to supinate ankle
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
Arterial Supply:Posterior tibial artery |
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Term
Gastrocnemius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: medal and femoral head of lateral condyle
Insertion: unite into calcaneal tendon
Action: powerful plantar flexor
Innervation: Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: popliteal artery |
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Term
Gluteus Maximus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Dorsal ilium, posterior superior iliac crest, sacrum/coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Fascia lata at IT band, and gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface
Action: hip joint extension, lateral rotation of thigh, also abduction
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: inferior and superior gluteal arteries |
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Term
Gluteus Medius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Dorsal ilium inferior iliac crest
Insertion: lateral and superior surfaces of greater trochanter
Action: abductor of thigh, anterior fibers help medial rotation, posterior fibers help lateral rotation
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Superior gluteal artery |
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|
Term
Gluteus Minimus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch
Insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter
Action: abducts and medially rotates hip joint*** (as opposed to its siblings, which laterally rtoate)
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: superior gluteal artery |
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Term
Gracilis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: pubic symphysis
Insertion: Tibial shaft (pes anserinus), just posterior to sartorius
Action: flexes knee, adducts thigh, helps medial rotate tibia on femur
Innervation: Anterior division of obturator nerve (L2, L3)
Arterial Supply: Obturator artery, medial circumflex artery, some perforating |
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|
Term
Iliacus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Action: flex torso and thigh wrteo
Innervation: femoral nerve (L1, L2, L3)
Arterial Supply: lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery |
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Term
Inferior Gemellus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: posterior ischial tuberosity
Insertion: greater trochanter w/ obturaor internus
Action: lateral rotation of thigh, abduct the flexed thigh
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus and inferior gemellus (sacral plexus - L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: inferior gluteal artery |
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Term
Obturator Externus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: External surface of obturator membrane
Insertion: posterior greater trochanter of femur
Action: rotates thigh laterally
Innervation: obturator nerve innervating most of adductor magnus; vertical/hamstring innervated by tibial nerve (L3, L4)
Arterial Supply: obturator and medial circumflex femoral arteries |
|
|
Term
Obturator Internus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Internal surface of obturator membrane, posterior bony margins of obturator foramen
Insertion: greater trochanter, in common with gemelli
Action: rotates thigh laterally, helps abduct thigh when flexed
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus (sacral plexus L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Internal pudendal, superior/inferior arteries |
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|
Term
Pectineus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: pecten pubis
Insertion: pectineal line of femur (up there) (the muscle is above adductor brevis, anterior side of body)
Action: adducts thigh
Innervation: femoral nerve, but some by obturator maybe
Arterial Supply: obturator artery, medial circumflex femoral branch of femoral artery |
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Term
Fibularis Brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Inferior 2/3 fibula
Insertion: 5th metatarsal base
Action: everts foot, plantar flexes
Innervation: Superifical fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: muscular branches of fibular artery |
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|
Term
Fibularis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: head of fibula
Insertion: 1st metatarsal base (plantar side)
Action: everts foot and plantar flexes, support transverse arch of the foot
Innervation: Superficial fibular nerve, innervation from common or deep fibular nerves (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: anterior tibial and fibular arteries |
|
|
Term
Fibularis Tertius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: with extensor digitorum longus on medial fibular shaft, between extensor digitorum longus and tibalis anterior
Insertion: dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal
Action: works with extensor digitorum longus to dorsiflex, evert, and abduct foot
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Anterior tibial artery |
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|
Term
Piriformis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral sacrum at Greater Sciatic notch
Insertion: greater trochanter
Action: lateral rotator of hip joint; also helps abduct hip
Innervation: Piriformis nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: superior/inferior gluteal arteries and internal pudendal arteries |
|
|
Term
Plantaris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Distal femur, lateral
Insertion: middle 1/3 of posterior calcaneal surface, medial to Achilles tendon
Action: Plantar flexor of ankle, also flexes knee
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: Sural arteries |
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|
Term
Popliteus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral femoral condyle, anterior popliteal groove
Insertion: posterior surface of tibia in a fan-like fashion, just superior to the popliteal line
Action: rotates knee medially and flexes leg on teh thigh
Innervation: Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Arterial Supply: Posterior tibial artery, and popliteal artery |
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|
Term
Psoas
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: transverse processes of L1-L5
Insertion: Lesser trochanter
Action: flex torso and thigh wrteo
Innervation: Direct fibers of L1-L3 of lumbar plexus
Arterial Supply: lumbar branch of iliopsoas branch of internal iliac artery |
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Term
Quadratus Femoris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral part of obturator ring, above ischial tuberosity
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest (posterior femur)
Action: rotates hip laterally, helps aduct hip
Innervation: quadratus femoris nerve
Arterial Supply: inferior gluteal, medial circumflex femoral artery, 1st-4th perforating arteries, obturator artery, some superior muscular branches of popliteal artery |
|
|
Term
| Rectus FEmoris Origin Insertion Action Innervation Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
| Origin: Straight/anterior head from AIIS, reflected/posterior head from groove just above acetabulum Insertion: base of patella to form more central portion of quadriceps femoris tendon Action: extends knee Innervation: Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) Arterial Supply: Lateral circumflex femoral artery |
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Term
Sartorius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: medial tibia, near tibial tuberosity
Action: flex hip, flex knee, lateral rotate
Innervation: femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Arterial Supply: muscular branches of femoral artery |
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Term
Semimembranosus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial tibia
Action: extend thigh, knee flex, rotate tibia medially
Innervation: tibial nerve
Arterial Supply: perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal, superior muscular branches of popliteal artery |
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Term
Semitendinosus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: from common tendon with long head of biceps femoris/ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial portion of tibial shaft (most posterior of pes anserinus)
Action: Extend thigh, flex knee
Innervation: tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: perforating branches of profunda femoris artery, inferior gluteal artery, superior muscular branches of popliteal artery |
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|
Term
Soleus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Posterior aspect of fibular head, and also tibia (but higher on fibula)
Insertion: unites with Achilles tendon
Action: powerful plantar flexor of ankle
Innervation: tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Arterial Supply: posterior tibial, fibualr, sural arteries |
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Term
Superior gemellus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: greater trochanter, with obturator internus
Action: rotates thigh laterally
Innervation: nerve to superior gemellus
Arterial Supply: inferior gluteal artery |
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Term
Tensor Fasciae Lata
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: IT band on lateral tibia
Action: help stabilize hip and knee
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Arterial Supply: superial gluteal and lateral circumflex femoral artery |
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Term
Tibialis Anterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia
Insertion: medial/plantar surfaces of 1st metatarsal
Action: dorsiflexor of ankle and foot invertor
Innervation: Deep fibular nerve
Arterial Supply: anterior tibial artery |
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Term
Tibialis Posterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: superior 2/3 of medial posterior fibula, superior part of tibia
Insertion: navicular bone + plantar surfaces of metatarsals 2-4 and second cuneiform
Action: principal invertor of foot, adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle, helps supinate foot
Innervation: tibial nerve (L4, L5)
Arterial Supply: muscular branches of sural, peroneal and posterior tibial arteries |
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Term
Vastus Intermedialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: superior femur
Insertion: lateral border of patella, deep portion of quadriceps tendon
Action: extends knee
Innervation: muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Arterial Supply: lateral circumflex femoral artery |
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Term
Vastus Lateralis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: intertrochnateric line, gluteal tuberosity
Insertion: lateral base and border of patella, forms lateral patellar retinaculum, lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon
Action: extends knee
Innervation: femoral knee (L2, L3, L4)
Arterial Supply: lateral circumflex femoral artery |
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Term
Vastus Medialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: intertrochanteric line (below lateralis)
Insertion: medial base and border of patella, also forms medial patellar retinaculum and medial side of quadriceps femoris tendon
Action: extends knee
Innervation: muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2-L4)
Arterial Supply: femoral artery, profunda femoris artery |
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Term
Biceps Brachii
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Short head - tip of coracoid process of scapula; long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Insertion: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
Action: supinates forearm and, when it is supine, flexes forearm
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
Arterial Supply |
|
|
Term
Brachialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Action: major flexor of forearm
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)
Arterial Supply: muscular branches of brachial artery, recurrent radial artery |
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Term
Brachioradialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: proximal 2/3 of lateral ridge of humerus
Insertion: Lateral surface of distal end of radius
Action: flexes forearm
Innervation: Radial nerve
Arterial Supply: Radial recurrent artery
*superficial posterior compartment |
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Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Pisiform
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Action: Abducts little finger (brings it more medially)
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1, C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery |
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Term
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: Abducts thumbs and helps oppose it
Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery
*Abduction = away from hand midline
*Adduction = towards hand midline
*most lateral of the thenar |
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Term
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Posterior surfaces of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: 1st metacarpal (starts on radius)
Action: Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), radial nerve (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply: Posterior interosseous artery
*Posterior compartment - deep layer
*lateral border of snuffbox |
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Term
Adductor Policis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Oblique head - bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate
Insertion: medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: Oppose thumb toward center of palm, rotate it medially
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
Arterial Supply: Deep palmar arterial arch |
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Term
Anconeus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: lateral surface of olecranon and top, posterior surface of ulna
Action: Helps triceps stabilize forearm/elbow, abducts ulna during protonation
Innervation: Radial nerve
Arterial Supply: middle collateral branch of deep brachial artery; recurrent interosseous artery
*Superficial layer of posterior compartment |
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Term
Coracobrachialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Tip of coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: middle third, medial surface of humerus
Action: helps adduct arm
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
Arterial Supply: Muscular branches of brachial artery |
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Term
Deltoid
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (anterior)
Action: Anterior part - flexes and medially rotates arm. Middle part - abducts arm. Posterior part - extends and laterally rotates arm
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5 and C6)
Arterial Supply: deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery |
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Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal (middle)
Action: Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
Innervation: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7 and C8)
Arterial Supply: Radial artery
*superficial posterior compartment |
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Term
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: lateral supracondyle ridge of humerus
Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: Extend and abduct hand at wrist joint
Innervation: Radial nerve (C6, C7)
Arterial Supply: Radial artery |
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Term
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal
Action: Extends and adducts hands at wrist joint
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), continuation of the deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery
*Brake! Ecrls' ecrb, ED, EDM, ECU, anconeus sandwich (superficial posterior compartment) |
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|
Term
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Extensor expansion of 5th digit
Action: Extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply: Interosseous recurrent artery |
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Term
Extensor Digitorum
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: extensor expansions of medial four digits
Action: extends medial four digits at metacarpophalangeal joints; extends hand at wrist joint
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), the continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply: Interosseous recurrent and posterior interosseous arteries |
|
|
Term
Extensor Indicis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Posterior surface of ulna, and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
Action: Extends 2nd digit and helps to extend hand
*Deep compartment
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply: Posterior interosseous artery |
|
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Term
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: posterior surfaces of radius and interosseous membrane
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint.
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8), continuation of deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply: Posterior interosseus artery
*extend police beat - posterior compartment, deep level |
|
|
Term
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: posterior surface of middle 1/3 of ulna
Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal and interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7 and C8) and continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve
Arterial Supply: Posterior interosseus artery
*More medial than brevis
*posterior compartment, deep level |
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Term
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: Flexes and abducts hand (at wrist)
Innervation: Median nerve (C6, C7)
Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery
*superficial part of anterior compartment
*Fuck plate, fucker pronator |
|
|
Term
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Humeral head - medial epicondyle of humerus. Ulnar head - olecranon and posterior border of ulna
Insertion: Pisiform bone, hook of hamate bone, and 5th metacarpal bone
Action: Flexes and adducts hand (at wrist)
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery |
|
|
Term
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseus membrane. Basically ALL ulna
Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Action: flexes distal phalanges at distal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; assists with flexion of hand
Innervation: Medial part - ulnar nerve. Lateral part - anterior interosseus branch of median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply: Ulnar and anterior interosseous arteries
DD - deep layer, anterior compartment |
|
|
Term
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
|
Definition
Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve
Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery
*innermost (most lateral) of the hypothenar muscles |
|
|
Term
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna. Radial head - superior half of anterior border of radius.
Insertion: Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Action: Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial four digits; acting more strongly, also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints and hand.
Innervation: Median nerve (C7, C8, and T1)
*intermediate layer, anterior compartment
*big muscle, touching all three bones. Fork tines.
Arterial Supply: Ulnar artery |
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Term
| Which anterior roots/rami form the trunks |
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Definition
Superior trunk: C5, C6
Middle trunk: C7
Inferior trunk: C8 + T1 |
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Term
| What divisions form the cords? |
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Definition
Anterior divisions of superior anad middle trunks form the lateral cord
The posterior divisons from superior, middle, and inferior trunks.
The anterior divison from the inferior trunk forms the medial cord. |
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Term
Dorsal scapular nerve:
Origin:
Spinal Segment:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: C5 root
Spinal Segment:C5
Function: motor, for rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae |
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Term
Long Thoracic
Origin:
Spinal Segment:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: C5-C7 roots
Spinal Segment: C5-C7
Function: motor to serratus anterior |
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Term
Suprascapular
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Superior trunk
Spinal Segment: C5, C6
Function: motor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus |
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Term
Nerve to subclavius
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Superior trunk
Spinal segments: C5, C6
Function: motor subclavius |
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Term
Lateral pectoral
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Lateral cord
Spinal segments: C5-C7
Function: Motor, pectoralis major |
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Term
Musculocutaneous
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Lateral cord
Spinal segments: C5-C7
Function: motor, all muscles in the anterior compartment; sensor, skin on lateral side of forearm |
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Term
Medial pectoral
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Medial cord
Spinal segments: C8, T1 (receives some contributions from spinal segments C5 to C7 through the communication with teh lateral pectoral nerve)
Function: Motor - pectoralis major, pectoralis minor |
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Term
Medial cutaneous of arm
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Medial cord
Spinal segments: C8, T1
Function: sensory - skin on medial side of distal 1/3 of arm |
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Term
Medial cutaneous of forearm
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Medial cord
Spinal segments: C8, T1
Function: sensory - skin on medial side of forearm |
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Term
Median
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Medial and lateral cords
Spinal segments: C5, C6-T1
Function: motor = all muscles in anterior compartment of forearm (except flxor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), three thenar muscles of thum, and two lateral lumbrical muscles. Sensory - skin over the palmar surface of the lateral 3.5 digits and over the lateral side of the palm and middle of wrist |
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Term
Ulnar
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Medial cord
Spinal segments: C7, C8, T1
Function: motor - all intrinsic muscles of the hand (except three thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals); also flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm. function: sensory = skin over palmar surface of medial 1.5 digits and associated palm and wrist, skin over dorsal surface of medial 1.5 digits |
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Term
Superior Subscapular:
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: posterior cord
Spinal segments: C5, C6
Function: motor - subscapularis |
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Term
Thoracodorsal
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Posterior cord
Spinal segments: C6 to C8
Function: Motor, latissimus dorsi |
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Term
Inferior Subscapular
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Posterior cord
Spinal segments: C5, C6
Function: Motor - subscapularis, teres major |
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Term
Axillary
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: posterior cord
Spinal segments: C5, C6
Function: motor - detloid, teres minor. Sensory - skin over upper lateral part of arm |
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Term
Radial
Origin:
Spinal segments:
Function: |
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Definition
Origin: Posterior cord
Spinal segments: C5-C8 (T1)
Function: Motor - all muscles in the posterior compartments of arm and forearm. Sensory - skin on posterior aspects of the arm and forearm, the lower lateral surface of arm, and dorsal lateral surface of hand |
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Term
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial supply |
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Definition
Origin: anterior surface of radius
Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: flexes thumb
Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve
Arterial supply: anterior interosseous artery
*deep layer of annterior compartment
DDs flex long police, PQ |
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Term
Infraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: Greater tuberosity on humerus
Action: Laterally rotate arm, helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
Innervation: Suprascpular nerve (C5, C6)
Arterial Supply: Suprascapular and circumflex scapular arteries |
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Term
Dorsal Interossues Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Dorsal 1-4; adjacent sides of two metacarpals (bipennate muscles)
Insertion: Dorsal 1-4, extensor expansions and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2-4.
Action: Dorsal 1-4: abduct digits, act with lumbricals to flex metacarpophalangeal joints and extend interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Arterial Supply: Dorsal 1-4: Dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries |
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Term
Palmar Interosseus Muscles
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Palmar 1-3: palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (unipennate)
Insertion: Palmar 1-3: extensor expansions of digits and bases of proximal phalanges of digits 2, 4, 5
Action: Palmar 1-3: adduct digits, assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Arterial Supply: Palmar 1-3: palmar metacarpal arteries |
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Term
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3-4 ribs
Insertion: Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body towards arms during climbing
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Arterial Supply: Thoracodorsal artery |
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Term
Levator Scapulae
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
Insertion: Superior part of medial border of scapula
Action: elevates scapula, tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapula (C5) and cervical nerves (C3, C4, C5)
Arterial Supply: Dorsal scapular artery |
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Term
Opponens Digiti Minimi
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
Insertion: medial border of 5th metacarpal
Action: draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, opposition with thumb
Innervation: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery
*lies deep to two other hypothenar muscles (abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti brevis |
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Term
Opponens Pollici
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
Action: draws 1st metacarpal laterally to oppose thumb towards center
Innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
Arterial Supply: superficial palmar branch of radial artery
*largest of the three thenar muscles, deep to other two |
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Term
Palmaris Longus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: distal half of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
Action: flexes hand (at wrist) and tightens palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: median nerve (C7 and C8) (C7, C8)
Arterial Supply: ulnar artery
*superficial anterior compartment of forearm |
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Term
Pec Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Clavicle, sternum, six costal cartilages, aponeuroses of external oblique muscles
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of humerus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Arterial Supply: Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk |
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Term
Pec minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: stabilize scapula by drawing in against thoracic wall
Innervation: median pectoral nerves
Arterial Supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk |
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Term
Pronator Quadratus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of ulna
Insertion: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius
Action: pronates, bind radius and ulna together
Innervation: anterior interosseous nerve from median nerve (C8 and T1)
Arterial Supply: anterior interosseous artery |
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Term
Pronator Teres
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus/coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius
Action: pronates and flexes forearm
Innervation: ulnar artery, anterior recurrent ulnar artery
Arterial Supply |
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Term
Rhomboid Major and Minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: minor: skull and spinous processes of C7-T1; major - spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
Insertion: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
Action: Retract scapula, fix scapula to thoracic wall
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
Arterial Supply: Dorsal scapular artery |
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Term
Serratus Anterior
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial Supply |
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Definition
Origin: upper 8-9 ribs superolateral sides
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula
Action: draws scapula forward and upward, abducts scapula and rotates it, stabilizes vertebral border of scapula
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
Arterial Supply: Circumflex scapular artery |
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Term
Subscapularis
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial |
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Definition
Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: lesser tuberosity of humerus
Action: medially rotates arm and adducts it, helps to hold humeral head in glenoid cavity of scapula
Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
Arterial supply: Subscapular artery |
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Term
Supinator:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial supply |
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Definition
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments- supinator fossa and crest of ulna
Insertion: proximal 1/3 of radius
Action: supinates forearm
Innervation: deep branch of radial nerve
Arterial supply: recurrent interosseous artery |
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Term
Supraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial supply |
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Definition
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: superior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
Action: initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with other rotator cuff muscles
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)
Arterial supply: suprascapular artery |
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Term
Teres Major
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial supply |
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Definition
Origin: dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: humerus (medial)
Action: adducts arm and medially rotates arm
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve
Arterial supply: subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries |
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Term
Teres Minor
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial supply |
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Definition
Origin: lateral border of scapula
Insertion: greater tuberosity on humerus
Action: laterally rotate arm, helps hold humeral head in glenoid fossa
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Arterial supply: subscapular and circumflex scapular arteries |
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Term
Trapezius
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial supply |
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Definition
Origin: nuchal line, inion, C7-T12 spinous processes
Insertion: lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
Action: elevates, retracts, rotates scapula
Innervation: C3, C4 nerves, cranial nerve XI
Arterial supply: transverse cervical artery |
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Term
Triceps brachii
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Arterial supply |
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Definition
Origin: long head - infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head - posterior surface of humerus; medial head - posterior surface of humerus (below radial groove)
Insertion: olecranon process of ulna, fascia of forearm
Action: chief extensor of forearm
Innervation: Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Arterial supply: branches of deep brachial artery |
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Term
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Definition
| proximal process offirst order neuron enters teh CNS and synapses on second order somatosensory neuron, located in spinal cord or brain stem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Crosses to other side of neuraxis and then ascends to terminal in contralateral ventral thalamus on a third order neuron. |
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Term
| Third order somatosensory neuron |
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Definition
| Axon ascends to terminate on a neuron in somatosensory cortex |
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Term
Two major components of somatic sensation for body, and one component for head
What are they?
Receptors?
Fiber types? |
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Definition
1) dorsal column/medial lemniscus system = discriminative aspects of sesnation, especially awareness fo position and movement of body parts, tactile recognition of shapes/textures, and precise localization of single or paired stimuli to the skin. Receptors are muslce spindles, encapsulated nerve endings, and large myelinated/medium myelinated fiber types.
Spinothalamic tract system = pain, warmth, cold, and less discriminaative ("crude") touch. Free nerve ending receptors, and small unmyelinated/myelinated |
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Term
| Pathway of Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscus tract |
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Definition
1) axons enter ipsilateral spinal cord dorsal system.
2) Branches given off for segmental reflex activity and fibers than ascend dorsal columns
3) sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic (T7-T12) fibers form fasciulus gracilis, and upper thoracic (T1-T6) and cervical fibers constitute more lateral fasciulus cuneatus.
4) these primary fibers terminate in dorsal column nuclei (nuclei gracilis and cuneatus) located dorsally in caudal medulla.
5) Second order fibers emerge from dorsal column nuclei, move ventrally, and immediately cross to opposite side of medulla. Crossing axons are termed arcuate fibers.
6)These turn rostrally and ascend to thalamus as paired medial lemnisci.
7)These second order fibers terminate in ventral posterior lateral (VPl) thalamic nucleus.
8) Third order neurons ascendi n corona radiata (bulk deep white matter) and terminate in primary somatosensory cortex and secondary somatosensory cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
T1-L2
prevertebral and paravertebral
pupil dilation, far vision
HR, BP increase
Piloerection
Bronchiodilation
Preganglionic -> Ach onto Nn and M1 -> Ne on alpha and beta.
Preganglionic -> Ach -> adrenal medulla, to release epi and norepi. |
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Term
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Definition
T1-L2
paravertebral
Ach onto Nn and M1 postganglionic receptors.
To release Ach on M3, *sweat glands!!
Exclusively sympathetic = blood vessels, sweat glands, pilomotor, adrenal medulla |
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Term
| Parasympathetic Cholinergic |
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Definition
CN 3, 7, 9, 10 S2-S4
to release Ach onto Nn and M1 receptors postganglion
Postganglion to release Ach onto M2 and M3 of target
*near vision
*HR, BP decrease
*GI tract active
*bronchioconstriction
*predominantly parasympathetic = GI, urinary, eye |
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Term
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Definition
ACh elimination = by Ach esterase (AChE) -> fast = short duration
NE elimination by NET reuptake (recycles NE) -> slow = prolonged effect |
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Term
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Definition
| spinal cord to release ACh onto skeletal muscles (Nm). |
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Term
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Definition
epi, ne
Gq
SM contraction: vasoconstrict skin, visceral, veins; contract GI and urinary sphincter, contract pilomotor, contract radial dilatory muscle |
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