Term
| What is the term that describes use of multidepth immersion pools to facilitate application of various interventions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name goals and reasons why you would do aquatic therapy? |
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Definition
Faciliate ROM
Resistance training
Weight bearing activities
Enhance delivery of manual techniques
Provide 3D care
Cardiovascular exercise
Function activities
Minimize risk of injury
Patient relaxation |
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Term
| Why would it be a concern to have a patient in a pool who has seizures in the past? |
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Definition
| Lights reflecting off pool could cause seizures. Make sure patient follows medication. |
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Term
| Why would you treat someone who has a fear of water with aquatic therapy? |
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Definition
| Fear of water is very easy to be overcome. |
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Term
| What would you do with someone who has a open wound or line? |
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Definition
| Make sure they are covered with waterproof dressings, lines are clamped and covered. |
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Term
| What are some reasons why you wouldnt do aquatic therapy with a patient? |
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Definition
| Cardiac failure, Respiratory dysfunction (under 1 liter), peripheral vascular disease, danger of bleeding, severe kidney diseae( cannot adjust to fluid loss), Open wounds, colostomy, Uncontrolled bowel and bladder, water and airbourne infections, uncontrolled seizures. |
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Term
| What does buoyancy cause when a patient is in the water? |
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Definition
| Weightlessness, decreased weight bearing |
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Term
| What percentage of weight bearing is happening when you are immersed in water to C7? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of weight bearing is happening when you are immersed in water to xiphoid process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What % of weight bearing is occuring when you are immersed in water to your ASIS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Upward force that works opposite to gravity. |
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Term
| What is hydrostatic pressure? |
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Definition
| Pressure exerted on immersed objects? |
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Term
| What things does hydrostatic pressure affect? |
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Definition
| Limits effusion, Assists venous return, induces bradycardia, centralizes blood flow. |
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Term
| As density and depth of water increase, what happens to the pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do patients perform exercise easier when close to surface or farther away from surface? |
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Definition
| Exercises are easier when close to surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Friction occuring between molecules of liquid resulting in resistance to flow. |
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Term
| If you increase velocity of movement, what happens to the resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Surface of a fluid acts as a membrane under tension. |
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Term
| Is it harder to move your arm through a surface of water, or move it under the surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the differences between laminar, turbulent, and drag? |
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Definition
Laminar flow is the movement where all molecules move paralell with eachother, slow movements.
Turbulent flow is where molecules do not move paralell with eachother, faster movements.
Drag is the effects of turbuence and fluid viscosity acting on motion |
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Term
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Definition
| Amount of heat required to raise temperature 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius |
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Term
| Water retains heat how many more times than air does? |
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Definition
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Term
| Water conducts temperature how many more times faster than air? |
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Definition
| 25 times more faster than air. |
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Term
| What and where is the center of buoyancy? |
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Definition
| Reference point of an immersed object where vertical forces act. In vertical position it is at the patients sternum. |
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Term
| If you placed buoyancy devices posteriorly on the patient, which way do they lean? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you placed buoyancy devices anteriorly on the patient, which way do they lean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What way will an amputee move in the water while standing on one leg during exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much higher should the air temperature be than the water? |
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Definition
| 3 degrees celcius higher for patient comfort. |
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Term
| Is air or water temperature change noticed more to a patient? |
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Definition
| Water temperature change. |
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Term
| At what temperature can a patient not maintain core temperature? |
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Definition
| Below 25 degrees celcius. |
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Term
| What is the highest temperature a patient should exercise at? |
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Definition
| 37 degrees celcius. Anything over that will be harmful. |
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Term
| At what temperatures should flexibility, stregthening, gait training, and relaxation be performed in water? |
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Definition
| 26 and 33 degrees celcius |
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Term
| At what temperatures should cardiovascular exercise be performed at? |
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Definition
| Between 26 and 28 degrees celcius |
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Term
| Swim bars are used to challenge what? |
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Definition
| Balance, proprioception and trunk strength. |
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Term
| What are collars, rings, belts and vests used for? |
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Definition
| To assist with patient position by providing buoyancy. |
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Term
| Stabilization of what part of the extremity is essential for maintaining proper form and isolating desired muscles while in water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does buoyancy assited mean? |
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Definition
| Patient uses buoyancy equipment to assist them with motion. |
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Term
| What does buoyancy supported mean? |
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Definition
| Patient uses buoyancy equipment to help support an extremity against gravity. |
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Term
| What does buoyancy resisted mean? |
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Definition
| Performed without equipment, against forces. |
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Term
| What does buoyancy superresisted mean? |
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Definition
| Performed with equipment to provide resistance against buoyancy. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a strain and sprain? |
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Definition
| Strain is overstretching of soft tissue. Sprain is severe stretch with some tear of soft tissue. |
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Term
| Will a person experience pain after a muscle rupture? |
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Definition
| No pain experienced due to no pulling of muscle. |
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Term
| What is the difference in tenosynovitis, tendinitis, tenovaginitis, and tendinosis? |
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Definition
| Tenosynovitis, is inflammation of synovial membrane. Tendinitis is inflammation of a tendon. Tenovaginitis is inflammation of a tendon sheath Tendinosis is degeneration of a tendon due to repetitive action. |
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Term
| What is the term that describes loss of normal function of a tissue/region? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHat is the term that describes loss of normal joint play? |
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Definition
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Term
| Grade 1 tissue injury consists of what |
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Definition
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Term
| Grade 2 tissue injury consists of what? |
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Definition
| Moderate pain, stress/palpatation increase pain,torn fibers. |
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Term
| Grade 3 tissue injury consists of what? |
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Definition
| Near complete or complete tear, severe pain, instability. |
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Term
| What occurs in the acute stage of tissue repair? |
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Definition
| Inflammation, swelling, redness, ROM is painful, muscle guarding. 4-6 days |
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Term
| WHat occurs in the subacute stage of tissue repair? |
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Definition
| Inflammation decreases, Pain at tissue resistance, muscles weak, 10-17 days |
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Term
| What occurs at the chronic stage of tissue repair? |
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Definition
| No signs of inflammation, contractures, stretch pain at the end of ROM, 6 months to 1 year |
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Term
| How long does chronic pain syndrome occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the protection phase, what types of things does the patient need to be educated on? |
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Definition
| Duration of symptoms, what they can do during stage, precautions, what to expect. |
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Term
| Is active move contraindicated in protection phase? |
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Definition
| Yes it will cause stress. |
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Term
| What types of interventions should be done during protection phase? |
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Definition
| PROM, Grad 1/2 joint oscillation, muscle setting, massage. |
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Term
| What should the patient be educated on during the subacute phase? |
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Definition
What to expect, time frame for healing, signs and symptoms, what happens when they push beyond resistance.
They also need to be educated on an HEP. |
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Term
| What are interventions to be done during subacute phase? |
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Definition
| Active exercises, multi angle isometric exercises, weight bearing exercises, stretching. |
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Term
| When does scar retraction stop? |
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Definition
| Beginning of chronic stage, day 21. |
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Term
| What should the patient be educated on during the chronic stage? |
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Definition
| How to progress exercises safely, patient responsibility. |
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Term
| What are some reasons why recurring pain occurs? |
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Definition
| Overuse, Trauma, reinjury of old scar, contractures, poor mobility. |
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Term
| What is the difference between arthritis and arthrosis? |
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Definition
| Arthritis is the inflammation of a joint while arthrosis is limitation of a joint without inflammation. |
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Term
| What are some signs and symptoms of arthritis? |
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Definition
| Impaired mobility( firm end feel ), impaired muscle performance, impaired balances, functional limitations. |
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Term
| What is rheumatoid arthritis? |
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Definition
| autoimmune, chronic diease affecting lining of joints and connective tissue. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of RA? |
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Definition
| Periods of flare ups and remission, adhesions, tenosynovitis, swelling, pain. |
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Term
| What types of things would occur to manage RA during a exacerbation? |
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Definition
Joint protection and education
Energy conservation
Joint mobility
Active exercise through as much range as possible.
Functional training, splints and assitive devices. |
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Term
| When does the chronic stage of RA occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| When types of things should be done during subacute/chronic stages of RA? |
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Definition
Exercise aimer to improve flexibility, endurance and peformance.
Non/low impact exercises such as swimming, biking. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic degenerative disorder affecting articular cartlige of synovial joints. |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of OA? |
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Definition
| Cartlige splits and thins out, usually in hands and hips and knees, poor movement, weight bearing joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient education on how to protect joints while remaining active, pain management, make sure their is balance between activity and rest, assitive devices, resistance exercise, stretching and joint mobilizations, aerobic conditioning, balance activies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Widespread pain that covers half of the body and lasts more than 3 months. |
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Term
| What are the common locations for fibromyalgia? |
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Definition
| Chest, low back, scalp, neck, head. |
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Term
| What are the 3 contributing factors to fibromyalgia flare ups? |
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Definition
| Emotional, environmental, and physical stresses. |
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Term
| What things would you do to manage fibromyalgia? |
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Definition
| Medications, pacing activities, avoid stress, decreasing alcohol, diet modification. |
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Term
| What 3 things would you do to manage myofascial pain syndrome/ |
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Definition
| Eliminate trigger point, correcting contributing factors, strengthening muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased mineral in bone and weakening of bone. |
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Term
| How you would you determine if you have osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Bone mineral density scan with T score. |
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Term
| What is the normal score for a bone mineral scan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the osteopenia score of a bone mineral density scan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the osteoporosis score of a bone mineral density scan? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the risk factors for primary osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Asian/Caucasian, postmenopausal, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, low body weight, family history. |
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Term
| What are the risk facotrs for secondary osteoporosis? |
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Definition
| Comes from other medical problems and steroids. |
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Term
| How do you prevent osteoporosis? |
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Definition
Diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
weight bearing exercise
no smoking
bone mineral density scan |
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Term
| How many times a week should someone exercise? |
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Definition
| 2-3 days a week with a 1 day rest break |
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Term
| What are risk factors for a fracture? |
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Definition
| Sudden impact, osteoporosis, history of falls |
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Term
| How long does it take children, adolescents, and adults to heal? |
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Definition
children 4-6 weeks
adolescents- 6-8 weeks
adults- 10-18 weeks |
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Term
| Before surgery, what things need to be reviewed with the patient? |
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Definition
| Gait training, plan of care, bed mobility and transfers, post op exercises, wound care. |
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Term
| What does the maximum protection phase consist of? |
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Definition
| Immobilization, passive/assisted ROM, muscle setting exercises. Few days to 6 weeks. |
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Term
| What does the moderate protection phase consist of? |
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Definition
| heal and remodel, improving coordination and stability, and strength. |
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Term
| What does the minimum protection phase consist of? |
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Definition
| active ROM, functional strength and activities, could continue for 6 months |
|
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Term
| what are some potential post op complications? |
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Definition
| Pulmonary complications, DVT, sublux/dislocation, failure or displacement, restricted tissue from scar tissue, infection, delayed wound healing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Open procedure where a joint is opened up and exposed. |
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Term
| What is an auto graft and what are the risks of using it? |
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Definition
Use a patients own tissue from a donor site in body.
Risks are 2 surgical procedures, damage to healthy tissue at donor site. |
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Term
| What is an allograft and what is the risks of using it? |
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Definition
An allograft uses a fresh or cadaver tissue for a procedure.
Risks are potential disease from tissue. Decreased graft strength. Greater risk of failure. Low availibility. |
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Term
| How would you manage a muscle repair after surgery? |
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Definition
| Muscle setting exercises, Weight bearing is restricted, Controlled motion, Low load high repetition are progressed, no vigorous activity til 6-8 weeks postop. |
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Term
| How would you manage a tendon repair after surgery? |
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Definition
| Muscle setting, controlled antigravity motion, weight bearing is restricted, vigorous stretching and intense activity is restricted until 8 weeks. |
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Term
| How would you manage a ligament repair after surgery? |
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Definition
| progressive strengthening, 6 months to a year of rehab. |
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Term
| How would you manage a arthrodesis surgery? |
|
Definition
| Since no movement is allowed cuz the joint is fused, strength and ROM must be maintained above and below. |
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Term
| How would you manage a tendon transfer after surgery? |
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Definition
| Muscle setting with protected motion, resisted movements are progressed. Electrical stim is often used. |
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