Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MS Quiz 8-22
Chapters 9-12
99
Anatomy
Professional
08/20/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the term that describes use of multidepth immersion pools to facilitate application of various interventions?
Definition
Aquatic therapy
Term
Name goals and reasons why you would do aquatic therapy?
Definition
Faciliate ROM
Resistance training
Weight bearing activities
Enhance delivery of manual techniques
Provide 3D care
Cardiovascular exercise
Function activities
Minimize risk of injury
Patient relaxation
Term
Why would it be a concern to have a patient in a pool who has seizures in the past?
Definition
Lights reflecting off pool could cause seizures. Make sure patient follows medication.
Term
Why would you treat someone who has a fear of water with aquatic therapy?
Definition
Fear of water is very easy to be overcome.
Term
What would you do with someone who has a open wound or line?
Definition
Make sure they are covered with waterproof dressings, lines are clamped and covered.
Term
What are some reasons why you wouldnt do aquatic therapy with a patient?
Definition
Cardiac failure, Respiratory dysfunction (under 1 liter), peripheral vascular disease, danger of bleeding, severe kidney diseae( cannot adjust to fluid loss), Open wounds, colostomy, Uncontrolled bowel and bladder, water and airbourne infections, uncontrolled seizures.
Term
What does buoyancy cause when a patient is in the water?
Definition
Weightlessness, decreased weight bearing
Term
What percentage of weight bearing is happening when you are immersed in water to C7?
Definition
10%
Term
What % of weight bearing is happening when you are immersed in water to xiphoid process?
Definition
33%
Term
What % of weight bearing is occuring when you are immersed in water to your ASIS?
Definition
50%
Term
What is buoyancy?
Definition
Upward force that works opposite to gravity.
Term
What is hydrostatic pressure?
Definition
Pressure exerted on immersed objects?
Term
What things does hydrostatic pressure affect?
Definition
Limits effusion, Assists venous return, induces bradycardia, centralizes blood flow.
Term
As density and depth of water increase, what happens to the pressure?
Definition
Increases.
Term
Do patients perform exercise easier when close to surface or farther away from surface?
Definition
Exercises are easier when close to surface.
Term
What is viscosity?
Definition
Friction occuring between molecules of liquid resulting in resistance to flow.
Term
If you increase velocity of movement, what happens to the resistance?
Definition
Resistance increases.
Term
What is surface tension?
Definition
Surface of a fluid acts as a membrane under tension.
Term
Is it harder to move your arm through a surface of water, or move it under the surface?
Definition
Through the surface.
Term
What is the differences between laminar, turbulent, and drag?
Definition
Laminar flow is the movement where all molecules move paralell with eachother, slow movements.

Turbulent flow is where molecules do not move paralell with eachother, faster movements.

Drag is the effects of turbuence and fluid viscosity acting on motion
Term
What is specific heat?
Definition
Amount of heat required to raise temperature 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius
Term
Water retains heat how many more times than air does?
Definition
1000 more times
Term
Water conducts temperature how many more times faster than air?
Definition
25 times more faster than air.
Term
What and where is the center of buoyancy?
Definition
Reference point of an immersed object where vertical forces act. In vertical position it is at the patients sternum.
Term
If you placed buoyancy devices posteriorly on the patient, which way do they lean?
Definition
Lean forward.
Term
If you placed buoyancy devices anteriorly on the patient, which way do they lean?
Definition
Lean posterior.
Term
What way will an amputee move in the water while standing on one leg during exercise?
Definition
Circular.
Term
How much higher should the air temperature be than the water?
Definition
3 degrees celcius higher for patient comfort.
Term
Is air or water temperature change noticed more to a patient?
Definition
Water temperature change.
Term
At what temperature can a patient not maintain core temperature?
Definition
Below 25 degrees celcius.
Term
What is the highest temperature a patient should exercise at?
Definition
37 degrees celcius. Anything over that will be harmful.
Term
At what temperatures should flexibility, stregthening, gait training, and relaxation be performed in water?
Definition
26 and 33 degrees celcius
Term
At what temperatures should cardiovascular exercise be performed at?
Definition
Between 26 and 28 degrees celcius
Term
Swim bars are used to challenge what?
Definition
Balance, proprioception and trunk strength.
Term
What are collars, rings, belts and vests used for?
Definition
To assist with patient position by providing buoyancy.
Term
Stabilization of what part of the extremity is essential for maintaining proper form and isolating desired muscles while in water?
Definition
Distal
Term
What does buoyancy assited mean?
Definition
Patient uses buoyancy equipment to assist them with motion.
Term
What does buoyancy supported mean?
Definition
Patient uses buoyancy equipment to help support an extremity against gravity.
Term
What does buoyancy resisted mean?
Definition
Performed without equipment, against forces.
Term
What does buoyancy superresisted mean?
Definition
Performed with equipment to provide resistance against buoyancy.
Term
What is the difference between a strain and sprain?
Definition
Strain is overstretching of soft tissue. Sprain is severe stretch with some tear of soft tissue.
Term
Will a person experience pain after a muscle rupture?
Definition
No pain experienced due to no pulling of muscle.
Term
What is the difference in tenosynovitis, tendinitis, tenovaginitis, and tendinosis?
Definition
Tenosynovitis, is inflammation of synovial membrane. Tendinitis is inflammation of a tendon. Tenovaginitis is inflammation of a tendon sheath Tendinosis is degeneration of a tendon due to repetitive action.
Term
What is the term that describes loss of normal function of a tissue/region?
Definition
Dysfunction
Term
WHat is the term that describes loss of normal joint play?
Definition
Joint dysfunction.
Term
Grade 1 tissue injury consists of what
Definition
Mild pain, mild swelling
Term
Grade 2 tissue injury consists of what?
Definition
Moderate pain, stress/palpatation increase pain,torn fibers.
Term
Grade 3 tissue injury consists of what?
Definition
Near complete or complete tear, severe pain, instability.
Term
What occurs in the acute stage of tissue repair?
Definition
Inflammation, swelling, redness, ROM is painful, muscle guarding. 4-6 days
Term
WHat occurs in the subacute stage of tissue repair?
Definition
Inflammation decreases, Pain at tissue resistance, muscles weak, 10-17 days
Term
What occurs at the chronic stage of tissue repair?
Definition
No signs of inflammation, contractures, stretch pain at the end of ROM, 6 months to 1 year
Term
How long does chronic pain syndrome occur?
Definition
longer than 6 months
Term
During the protection phase, what types of things does the patient need to be educated on?
Definition
Duration of symptoms, what they can do during stage, precautions, what to expect.
Term
Is active move contraindicated in protection phase?
Definition
Yes it will cause stress.
Term
What types of interventions should be done during protection phase?
Definition
PROM, Grad 1/2 joint oscillation, muscle setting, massage.
Term
What should the patient be educated on during the subacute phase?
Definition
What to expect, time frame for healing, signs and symptoms, what happens when they push beyond resistance.

They also need to be educated on an HEP.
Term
What are interventions to be done during subacute phase?
Definition
Active exercises, multi angle isometric exercises, weight bearing exercises, stretching.
Term
When does scar retraction stop?
Definition
Beginning of chronic stage, day 21.
Term
What should the patient be educated on during the chronic stage?
Definition
How to progress exercises safely, patient responsibility.
Term
What are some reasons why recurring pain occurs?
Definition
Overuse, Trauma, reinjury of old scar, contractures, poor mobility.
Term
What is the difference between arthritis and arthrosis?
Definition
Arthritis is the inflammation of a joint while arthrosis is limitation of a joint without inflammation.
Term
What are some signs and symptoms of arthritis?
Definition
Impaired mobility( firm end feel ), impaired muscle performance, impaired balances, functional limitations.
Term
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
Definition
autoimmune, chronic diease affecting lining of joints and connective tissue.
Term
What are some characteristics of RA?
Definition
Periods of flare ups and remission, adhesions, tenosynovitis, swelling, pain.
Term
What types of things would occur to manage RA during a exacerbation?
Definition
Joint protection and education
Energy conservation
Joint mobility
Active exercise through as much range as possible.
Functional training, splints and assitive devices.
Term
When does the chronic stage of RA occur?
Definition
During exacerbations.
Term
When types of things should be done during subacute/chronic stages of RA?
Definition
Exercise aimer to improve flexibility, endurance and peformance.
Non/low impact exercises such as swimming, biking.
Term
What is osteoarthritis?
Definition
Chronic degenerative disorder affecting articular cartlige of synovial joints.
Term
What are some characteristics of OA?
Definition
Cartlige splits and thins out, usually in hands and hips and knees, poor movement, weight bearing joints.
Term
How would you manage OA?
Definition
Patient education on how to protect joints while remaining active, pain management, make sure their is balance between activity and rest, assitive devices, resistance exercise, stretching and joint mobilizations, aerobic conditioning, balance activies.
Term
What is fibromyalgia?
Definition
Widespread pain that covers half of the body and lasts more than 3 months.
Term
What are the common locations for fibromyalgia?
Definition
Chest, low back, scalp, neck, head.
Term
What are the 3 contributing factors to fibromyalgia flare ups?
Definition
Emotional, environmental, and physical stresses.
Term
What things would you do to manage fibromyalgia?
Definition
Medications, pacing activities, avoid stress, decreasing alcohol, diet modification.
Term
What 3 things would you do to manage myofascial pain syndrome/
Definition
Eliminate trigger point, correcting contributing factors, strengthening muscle.
Term
What is osteoporosis?
Definition
decreased mineral in bone and weakening of bone.
Term
How you would you determine if you have osteoporosis?
Definition
Bone mineral density scan with T score.
Term
What is the normal score for a bone mineral scan?
Definition
-1.0 or higher
Term
What is the osteopenia score of a bone mineral density scan?
Definition
-1.1 to -2.4
Term
What is the osteoporosis score of a bone mineral density scan?
Definition
-2.5 or lower
Term
What are the risk factors for primary osteoporosis?
Definition
Asian/Caucasian, postmenopausal, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, low body weight, family history.
Term
What are the risk facotrs for secondary osteoporosis?
Definition
Comes from other medical problems and steroids.
Term
How do you prevent osteoporosis?
Definition
Diet rich in calcium and vitamin D
weight bearing exercise
no smoking
bone mineral density scan
Term
How many times a week should someone exercise?
Definition
2-3 days a week with a 1 day rest break
Term
What are risk factors for a fracture?
Definition
Sudden impact, osteoporosis, history of falls
Term
How long does it take children, adolescents, and adults to heal?
Definition
children 4-6 weeks
adolescents- 6-8 weeks
adults- 10-18 weeks
Term
Before surgery, what things need to be reviewed with the patient?
Definition
Gait training, plan of care, bed mobility and transfers, post op exercises, wound care.
Term
What does the maximum protection phase consist of?
Definition
Immobilization, passive/assisted ROM, muscle setting exercises. Few days to 6 weeks.
Term
What does the moderate protection phase consist of?
Definition
heal and remodel, improving coordination and stability, and strength.
Term
What does the minimum protection phase consist of?
Definition
active ROM, functional strength and activities, could continue for 6 months
Term
what are some potential post op complications?
Definition
Pulmonary complications, DVT, sublux/dislocation, failure or displacement, restricted tissue from scar tissue, infection, delayed wound healing.
Term
WHat is an arthrotomy?
Definition
Open procedure where a joint is opened up and exposed.
Term
What is an auto graft and what are the risks of using it?
Definition
Use a patients own tissue from a donor site in body.

Risks are 2 surgical procedures, damage to healthy tissue at donor site.
Term
What is an allograft and what is the risks of using it?
Definition
An allograft uses a fresh or cadaver tissue for a procedure.

Risks are potential disease from tissue. Decreased graft strength. Greater risk of failure. Low availibility.
Term
How would you manage a muscle repair after surgery?
Definition
Muscle setting exercises, Weight bearing is restricted, Controlled motion, Low load high repetition are progressed, no vigorous activity til 6-8 weeks postop.
Term
How would you manage a tendon repair after surgery?
Definition
Muscle setting, controlled antigravity motion, weight bearing is restricted, vigorous stretching and intense activity is restricted until 8 weeks.
Term
How would you manage a ligament repair after surgery?
Definition
progressive strengthening, 6 months to a year of rehab.
Term
How would you manage a arthrodesis surgery?
Definition
Since no movement is allowed cuz the joint is fused, strength and ROM must be maintained above and below.
Term
How would you manage a tendon transfer after surgery?
Definition
Muscle setting with protected motion, resisted movements are progressed. Electrical stim is often used.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!