Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MS Exam 3
C and T spine
54
Anatomy
Professional
04/24/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Whiplash injury

 

Mechanism of injury

Caused by what

Definition

Nonvoluntary acceleration and deceleration of the head and neck.

 

MVA, tackled from behind during football tackle

Term

Whiplash injuries 

 

1) structures affected during extension

2) structures affected during flexion

Definition

1) Muscles: SCM, SCalenes, longus coli and longus capitis [stretched]

Facet joint irration, Ant. longitudinal ligment, spinous process.

2) sub occipitals, ant. compression of vertabraes, disc hernation, chin and sternum

Term

80% of MVA patients reporting symptoms will have resolution of those symptoms in 3-4 weeks.

 

True or False

Definition
True
Term

How long do Symptoms last

 

1) head on collision

2) impact from the side

3) hit from the rear 

Definition

1) no prolonged symptoms

2) no symptoms lasting longer than a few months

3) 50% still symptomatic after 1 year

Term
What is factors contribute to a poor prognosis for pt. suffering from a whiplash injury.
Definition
Radiographic evidence of DJD and acute neuro signs.
Term
Should patients with DJD and neuro symptoms be watched longer? If so why or why not?
Definition
Yes, these patients have a higher chance of lasting symptoms.
Term

1st stage of Whiplash treatment

[3]

Definition

1) Increased imphasis on education

2) if hypomobile a collar should be used to reduce stress on injured tissues.

3) Exercises are limited to AROM [proprioception, and static postural cueing]

Term

2nd stage of whiplash treatment

[3]

Definition

1) Mobilizations

2) Specific HEP for stretching

3) postural awareness training in dynamic situations

Term

3rd stage of treatment for whiplash

[2]

Definition

1) stabilization training for neuro re-ed

2) dynamic postural training incorporated with UE

 

Term

Cervical Disc injuries

 

Mechanisum

 

Subjective findings

 

 

Definition

Traumatic injury in forward flexed position

 

Pain is the worst in the morning with or without referred/radicular symptoms.

Term
Cervical disc injuries that injur facets joints are typically caused by what?
Definition
traumatic or prolonged extension mechanisms
Term

Treatment of cervical Disc injury 1st stage

[4]

Definition

1) bracing if hypermobile

2) manual traction grade I-II

3) Gental small amplitude AROM

4) breathing exercises

Term
Cervical Disc injury stage 2 treatment
Definition

1) postural correction; static

2) Address hypomobility with mobilization

 

Term

Cervical disc injury treatment stage 3

 

[3]

Definition

1) incorporation of stretches/ soft tissue mobilization or neurovascular strutural interfaces when necessary

 

2) dynamic stabilization

 

3) postural awareness education for entire trunk

Term

Postoperative management with anterior spinal fusion treatment plan.

 

What are disabilities that you could find?

[3]

Definition

Treat according to healing times and residual impairments.

 

1)decreased postural awareness 2) over compensation of accessory brathing muscles 3)hypomobility at select segments and decreased neuroomuscular control/strength/endurance

Term

Chronic Cervical Tension Myalgia

 

Mechanism of injury

[4]

Definition

1) emotional tension

 

2) Chronic postural changes

 

3) Secondary to direct trauma

 

4) Most common finding forward head posture

Term
Differential diagnosis of head aches
Definition

1) intracranial sources such as HTN

 

2) head injury

 

3) intracranial tumor

 

4) cerebral hypoxia

Term
Treatment for head aches early intervention
Definition
Pt. ed - relaxation breathing, warm/cool compresses, ergonomic/ADL modifications
Term

Treatment of head aches progression

[5]

Definition

1)sepecific soft tissue/ myofacial techniques (suboccipitals and Levator Scapulae)

2) joint mobilization at restricted joints

3) neuromuscular re-ed for deep flexors and extensors

4) Postural training static and dynamic situations

5) pressure points @ occular orbit, zygomatic arch, 

 

 

Term

Vertical Compression Test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

Definition

1) Functional assessment of postural stability

2)Sitting

3) Standing behind the pt. with hands on the crown of the head.

4) apply vertical pressure down through the shoulders

5) breaking of postural stability

Term

Spurling's test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

Definition

1) posterior elements of C-spine

2) Sitting in a chair

3) move the neck into extension, side bending and rotation to one side.

4)apply a vertical copression to the head

5) Radiating pain into the arm on the side that the head is bent to.

Term

Quadrant Test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

Definition

1) posterior elements of the C-spine

2) sitting

3) move the neck into extension and rotation to one side

4) apply parallel forces to the maxilla and scapula

5) reproduction of neurologic signs/symptoms and increased scapular pain.

Term
Cloward's sign
Definition
increased scapular pain
Term

Sharp-purser Test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

Definition

1) subluxation of the atlas on the axis

2) sitting

3) one hand on forhead and the other hand on spinous process of C2

4) patient is asked to flex there neck while the therapist resists through contact with the forehead.

5) head slides posterior during movement

Term

 

Verteberal Artery test Test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

 

Definition

1) assess verterbral artery function

2)supine on plinth with head hanging over the table

3) therapist supports the patient's head with both hands

4)head and neck into maximal extension, side bending and rotation to the same side. This position is held for 30 sec. looking for nystagmus, dizziness, diaphoresis, nausea, pupillary changes.

5) if any of the above signs occurs

 

Term

Adson Test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

Definition

1) thoracic outlet syndrome [ant. and middle scalne entrapment]

2) standing or sitting

3) Locate the radial pulse

4) head is rotated towards test side. Pt. extends the neck while therapist ER and extends pt's shoulder. Pt. takes deep breath and holds it.

5) Dissappearance of the pulse

Term

Costoclavicular syndrome Test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

Definition

1) Thoracic outlet syndrome [clavical and 1st rib]

2) standing

3) radial pulse while standing at the side to be tested

4) Drawn down and back [ER and depress scap]

5) absence of pulse

 

*good test if pt. reports symptoms with wearing a back pack.

Term

Wright Test (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) idications for positive test

Definition

1) thoracic outlet syndrome

2) sitting

3) palpate the radial pulse

4) hyperabducts the arm with elbow and hand in the coronal plane, shoulder ER

5) absence of pulse

Term

Depression of the first Rib in supine (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

 

Definition

1) descent of the first rib is restricted or if the first rib is elevated.

2) supine

3) right hand: cups the upper cervical spine and occiput

Left hand: post to clavical, lateral to C7 transverse process and anterior to spine of scap.

4) pt. takes deep breath therapist allows for the deep breath and follows the rib downward as the patient breathes out and then holds the rib down

Term

Upper thoracic Rotation in prone lying via the spinous process

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

Definition

1) increasing movment here will help reduce stress on the cervical spine, help gate pain, enable improved posture.

2) prone with head turned in teh direction to be manipulated.

3) right thumb: placed on teh right side of the more cephalic spinous process.

Left thumb: left side of the more caudal spinous process

4) series of 3 or 4 strong pressures to both thumb simultaneously.

Term

Upper thoracic upslide in prone lying

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

Definition

1) increase rotation and side bending to the opposite side and forward bending.

2) neck slightly flexed

3) left thumb makes contact with the transverse process of the vertebrae to be manipulated, right thumb sits on top of left thumb

4) graded oscillations delivered by the right forearm and thumb through the relaxed left thumb

Term

Upper thoracic and mid cervical central P-A mob (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

Definition

1) general technique which will aid with all movements of the mid cervical and upper thoracic spine.

2) prone with spine in neutral

3) therapist stands so that the tips of their thumbs are in contact with the spinous processes.

4) therapist then exerts a P-A pressure through their thumb contact.

Term

Upper thoracic and mid cervical unilateral P - A mob

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

Definition

1) general technique used to aid in all movements of the mid cervical and thoracic spine.

2) prone with neck in neutral

3) contacts the transverse process of vertebrae to be mobilized with tips of their thumbs

4) P-A pressure through their thumbs that is perpendicular to the plane of the joint.

Term

Mid cervical upslide in prone (C-Spine)

 

1) Testing for what

2) pt. position

3) Therapist 

4) technique

5) Cautions

Definition

1) forward bending and rotation and side bending to the opposite direction.

2) neck slightly flexed and rotated towards the opposite side of the contact.

3) cephalid thumb is placed on teh articular process fo the vertebrae to be mobilized. more caudal thumb is placed on the 1st thumb

4) graded oscillations in the plane of the cervical facets

5) Do not do C3 and higher due to vertebral Artery compromise.

Term
5 articulations of the rib cage
Definition

1) manubriosternal

2) sternocostal

3)interchondral

4) costotransverse

5) costovertebral

Term
Ribs that do the pump handle action are _______? This increases diameter in the ________ demention?
Definition

Ribs 1-6

 anteroposterior

Term

Elevation of the rib cage is made by what motion of the rib neck?

 

Depression of the of the rib cage is made by what motion of the rib neck?

Definition

Upward rotation

 

Downward rotation

Term
Bucket handle action is created by ribs ______? What demention does this increase the thoracic cavity?
Definition

7-10

 

lateral

Term
caliper Action occurs at ribs ______. This increases what dimension of the thoracic cavity?
Definition

8-12

 

Lateral

Term
Intercostal spasm
Definition
Decreased intercostal space and no expansion of space with deep breathing
Term

What are the structures that help support the thoracic cavity?

[3]

Definition

Core musculature

extensive ligamentous support

sterno-costo-vertebral ring

Term

Thoracic deformities

[6]

Definition

scoliosis

gibbus

dowager's hump

pectus carinatum

pectus excavatum

barrel chest

Term

Hypomobility with or without pain

 

1) essential objective finding

2) tissues involved

3)cause

4) onset

5) location of the pain

6) where will the pain radate to

 

Definition

1) decreased osteokinematics motion

2) articular, myofascial or both

3) result of excessive bending or rotational force

4) insidious or sudden

5) can be on teh other side

6) can radiate to the anterior aspect

Term

Hypermobility with or without pain

1) main objective finding

2) Caused by what

3) onset

4) area of pain

Definition

1) increased osteokinematics

2) acute major trauma, repetitive micro trauma

3) insidious or sudden

4) poorly localized/pain can radiate around the chest

Term

A/P Rib Compression

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

5) positive test

Definition

1) rib fracture and/or subluxation

2) seated or standing

3) one hand on the anterior chest while the other hand is on the ipsilateral posterior chest

4) Compression of chest wall

5) reproduction of pt. symptoms

Term

M/L Rib Compression

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

5) positive test

Definition

1)rib fracture or subluxation

2) seated/ standing

3) standing behind pt. with hands on either side of the thorax

4) compress the thorax in a M/L dimention

5) reproduction of symptoms

Term

Costovertebral Expansion

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

5) positive test

Definition

1) Assesment of active costovertebral joint movement

2) sitting

3) standing with flexible tape measurer in hand

4) M1: Meaure 4th intercostal space w/ maximal exhale and inhale

M2: meausre under axilla, nipple line and T10 @ max exhale and inhale

5) normal inspiration and expiration difference is 1-3 inches.

Term

A/P Sternal costal joint Mobilization

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

 

Definition

1) Assesment of sterno-costal hypermobility and mobilization technique

2) spine

3) Dummy thumb on the sternal portion of the rib as close to the joint as possible. Heel of other hand placed on the dummy thumb. 

4) Apply posteriorly directed force through the heel of the mobilizing hand.

Term

P/A Rib Compression

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

 

Definition

1) Costo-vertebral assesment and mobilization technique for hypomobile joint.

2) Prone

3) Dummy thumb on the rib head, neck and articular tubercle. Heel of other hand placed over the dummy thumb.

4) P/A force is put through the heel of the hand into the dummy thumb.

Term

P/A angle of rib mobilization

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

Definition

1) assment of rib mobility 

2) prone

3) Dummy thumb on the angle of the rib. Heel of other hand is in contact with dummy thumb applying force.

4)force directed anteriorly

Term

Thoracic P/A Mobilization

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

Definition

1) general technique that aid in both flexion and extension

2) prone 

3) with the pisiform in contact with the spinous process

4) progressive oscillations used with breathing

Term

Thoracic Unilateral P/A Mobilization

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

Definition

1) General technique that will aid in both flexion and extension.

2) prone

3)dummy hand on the transverse process of the vertebrae that needs to be mobilized. Other hand placed over the dummy thumb.

4) progressive oscillations used with breathing.

Term

 

P/A Transverse process mobilization

 

1) use

2) pt. position

3) PT

4) Techniques

 

Definition

1) used to restore flexion in the thoracic spine

2) prone

3) Dummy hand: split finger one placed on each transverse process that needs to be mobilized

other hand makes contact with the dummy hand and gives a anterior force.

4) progressive oscillations or glides

Supporting users have an ad free experience!