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Mr Harris' Anatomy Class
Final
165
Anatomy
12th Grade
10/15/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is an unstable isotope that emits subatomic particles?
Definition
A Radioisotope
Term
What is the best definition of matter?
Definition
Something that has mass/weight and takes up space
Term
The branch of science that deals with the interaction of living with non-living materials
Definition
chemistry
Term
Type of reaction which releases energy
Definition
Exergonic reaction
Term
What is an example of an element with 2 electrons on its most outer shell?
Definition
calcium
Term
When an ion loses 2 elctrons what does its charge become?
Definition
+2
Term
A type of bond formed when electrons are transferred from one ion to another
Definition
ionic bond
Term
Our proteins, our biological catalysts, lower activation energy, affect the rate of reaction:
Definition
enzymes
Term
What are the functions of protein?
Definition
To support, to transport, metabolic regulation, and movement
Term
What are the class of lipids used to signal cells to undergo changes?
Definition
Hormones
Term
The most important metabolic fuel
Definition
Glucose
Term
Carbohydrates can be used for what?
Definition

primary energy storage

receptors on the cells surface

part of te nucleic acid structure

body's most important source of energy

 

All of the above

Term
During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute resulting in a mixture of ions called:
Definition
electrolytes
Term
organic compounds in the body contain all except:
Definition
calcium
Term
most abundant chemical compound in body
Definition
H2O- Water
Term
Example of a strong base
Definition

contains high amounts of OH-

eg. NaOH

:)

Term
What has a Ph over 7?
Definition
A base
Term
What has a Ph lower than 7?
Definition
An Acid
Term
Addition of energy to a reaction is called
Definition
Activation Energy
Term
How many electrons do most atoms need to be stable?
Definition
8!
Term
Type of bond when pair of electrons are unequally shared between 2 atoms
Definition
polar covalent bond
Term
Which of the following is not a true bond, but only a weak electrical attraction between molecules?
Definition
Hydrogen bond
Term
Atoms that contain different number of neutrons of the same element are called:
Definition
isotopes
Term
What is the simplest unit of matter?
Definition
an atom
Term
What is a solvent?
Definition
The liquid part of a solution
Term
What is a substrate?
Definition
reactant in a chemical reaction
Term
What is a buffer?
Definition
it resists changes in Ph
Term
What is an exchange reaction?
Definition
shuffling around
Term
Synthesis of a new element in the body is called:
Definition
anabolism
Term
A decomposition reaction within cells is called:
Definition
catabolism
Term
What are the functions of skin?
Definition

protection of underlying tissue

excretion

maintainance of body temperature

nutrition and storage

 

All of The Above!

Term
What are the 2 components of the cutaneous membrane?
Definition
The Dermis & The Epidermis
Term
The dermis is composed largely of:
Definition
dense irregular connective tissue
Term
perspiration s produced by the merocrine sweat glands which:
Definition

are composed of more than 99% water

contain 1% of electrolytes

contain waste products

cool the body down

prevents bacteria from invading skin

Term
The pigment melanin is produced by what?
Definition
cells called melanocytes
Term
What are glands that discharge a waxy excretion into hair follicles?
Definition
sebaceous glands
Term
Body odor is the result of bacterial metabolism in the secretion produced by what?
Definition
The apocrine sweat glands
Term
What is the correct order of the layers in the cutaneous membrane?
Definition

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis (subcutaneous membrane)

Term
Nail production occurs in:
Definition
the nail root
Term
primary source of heat loss is through
Definition
radiation
Term

condition that results from sebaceous glands

 

Definition
acne
Term
a rug burn is an example of:
Definition
abrasion
Term
layer of skin providing protection against bacteria:
Definition
epidermis
Term
sweat cools the body by
Definition
evaporation
Term
thick skin is found on:
Definition
the palms and soles of the feet
Term
shafts of hair are made by:
Definition
dead epidermal cells
Term
What forms in he skin when exposed to sunlight?
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
When arector pili muscles contract, what happens?
Definition
You get Goosebumps!
Term
Type of burn requiring skin graphs
Definition
3rd degree burn
Term
The subcutaneous layer is made of
Definition
loose, connective and adipose tissue
Term
epidermal cells are supplied by nutrients from:
Definition
blood vessels in the dermis
Term
list of accessory structures in the skin
Definition

hair follicles

arector pili muscles

sebaceous glands

apocrine sweat glands

Term
The most severe type of skin cancer is produces by what cells?
Definition
Melanoma is produced by Melanocytes
Term
Type of burn produced by sunburn
Definition
!st degree burn
Term
Temporary hair loss can be caused by:
Definition

High fever, radiation, diet, or drugs

 

all the above!

Term
Label the hair root diagram!
Definition
know it 17 labels!
Term
The substance that gives skin its waterproofing ability is called _______
Definition
keratin
Term
melanin serves to protect cells
Definition
under the epidermis from UV light
Term
normal body temperaturein F is ___
Definition
98.6 F :)
Term
The functions of blood are
Definition

to transsport nutrients and waste

to regulate PH acidity & electrolyte concentrations

works as bodies defence

restricts fluid loss

 

All of The Above!

Term
Blood is composed of
Definition

Plasma

Red cells

Formes elements

Cell fragments

 

All of The Above!

Term
What is the percentage of solids in a sample of human blood?
Definition
45%
Term
The combination of plasma and formed elements is
Definition
whole blood
Term
Red blood cells form in
Definition
the red bone marrow
Term
Platelets are
Definition

cytoplasmic fragments

 

(not all the above)

Term
All the following are true about blood cells except for one.
Definition

They are bioconcave disks

Lack mitochondrias

Have no nucleus

Specialize for carrying oxygen

Cells contain Hemoglobin

 

They have large nucleus- Not True

Term
Average life span for a red blood cell is
Definition
120 days of 4 months
Term
The function of White Blood Cells is:
Definition
to defend the body against infectious organisms
Term
The function of hemoglobin is to:
Definition
carry oxygen
Term
What is a condition when the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced?
Definition
Anemia
Term
Red Bone marrow is located in:
Definition

The sternum

The ribs

The vertebrae

The ends of long bones

Term
A persons blood type is determined by
Definition
the presence or absence of specific molecules on the cells surface
Term
Type AB blood contains
Definition
Agglutinagens A & B
Term
Platelets function in:
Definition

initiating the clotting process

attractions after clot formations

forms temporary patches in injured areas

transports chemicals important for clotting

 

All of The Above!

Term
Agglutinogens are examples of:
Definition
Antigens
Term
Pus contains:
Definition

leukocytes

bacteria

damaged body cells

platelet

Term
Compare a person living at sea level to a person living in high mountains
Definition
Person living high in the mountains contains large amounts of red blood cells because they carry more oxygen to compensate for the lack of it in the air
Term
Plaque occurs where
Definition
the endothelium and the smooth muscle cells which contain large quantities of lipids (fat)
Term
An inherited condition which results in the inadequate production of blood clotting factors (uncontrollable bleeding)
Definition
hemophilia
Term
The loose fitting sac around the heart is lined by the
Definition
parietal pericardium
Term
The visceral pericardium is the same as the:
Definition
epicardium
Term
Blood returning from the lungs enters
Definition
the left atrium
Term
The right ventricle..
Definition
pumps blood the the lungs
Term
Blood is carried away from the heart by
Definition
arteries
Term
The right atrium recieves blood from the
Definition
inferior vena cava
Term
Blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are divided into which 2 circuits?
Definition

systematic

pulmonary

Term
The function of the atriums
Definition
is to colect blood
Term
The left and right carotid arteries carried blood
Definition
to the head
Term
The left and right pulmonary veins carry blood
Definition
to the heart from the lungs
Term
The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are
Definition
the coronary arteries
Term
Blood from the systematic circulation returns from
Definition
the vena cavas (vessels)
Term
Relaxation of the ventricles is called
Definition
ventricle diastole
Term
Heart labeling!
Definition
pg 394!
Term
What is the function of the skeletal system?
Definition

storage

support

protection

blood cell production

 

All of The Above!

Term
Mature bone cells are termed as
Definition
osteocytes
Term
Large multinucleated cells that dissolve the bone matrix are called
Definition
osteoclasts
Term
Red bone marrow functions in the formation of
Definition

blood cells

osteoblasts

 

pick both!

Term
Medullary cavity of the bones contains
Definition
marrow
Term
Skull bones are joined by tight connections called
Definition
sutures
Term
The lining of the bone marrow cavity is called
Definition
the endosteum
Term
The presence of the epiphyseal line indicates that
Definition
growth has ended
Term
The most abundant mineral in the body
Definition
Calcium
Term
Lack of excersise results in
Definition
thin, brittle bones
Term
The atlas is classified as
Definition
a cervical vertebrae
Term
A smooth, rounded or oval articulate process of a bone is called
Definition
A condyle
Term
A shallow depression of a bone is termed
Definition
Fossa
Term
Which is not a part of the axial division of the skeletal system?
Definition
pectoral girdle
Term
what is the difference (examples) of axial and appendicular?
Definition

head- axial    hyloid- axial   vertebrae- axial

arms/legs/hands- appendicular

clavicle/scapula- appendicular

Term
What are the bones of the forearm?
Definition
radius and ulna
Term
what are the bones of the palms of the hands?
Definition
metacarpals
Term
what are the bones of the fingers?
Definition
phelanges
Term
ribs that join the sternum are:
Definition
true ribs
Term
a compound fracture results in
Definition
breaking of the skin
Term
The foramen magnum is a part of what?
Definition
The occipital bone of the skull
Term
external auditory meatus (earhole) is found in:
Definition
the temporal bone
Term
bones making up the lower jaw
Definition
mandible
Term
Exaggerated lateral curvature is
Definition
scoliosis
Term
Which of the following is not a sinovial joint (liquid)
Definition
a suture
Term
A sinovial membranc:
Definition

surrounds the joint cavity

secretes sinovial fluids

lubricated joints

stores a small amount of adipose tissue

 

All of The Above!

Term
In which of the following is rotation a permitted movement?
Definition
The ball and socket joint
Term
The elbow is an example of
Definition
A hinge joint
Term

Decreasing the angle between joints:

--- : V

Definition
flexion
Term
Movement away from the body
Definition
abduction
Term
Special movement of thumb to allow grasping
Definition
opposition
Term
The largest mot complex sinovia joint is
Definition
the knee
Term
The lateral colateral ligament is part of
Definition
the knee
Term
When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,
Definition
the long bones have reached their adult length
Term
Damage to the temporal bone will most likely affect what sense?
Definition
Hearing
Term
The stronger, more stable a joint is
Definition
the less mobility it has
Term
The joints that are subjected to the greatest forces are
Definition
in your legs
Term
A blow to the nose might indicate a fracture in what bone?
Definition
the ethmoid bone
Term
The term used to describe any bony projection is called
Definition
a process
Term
A term used to describe a shallow depression
Definition
a fossa
Term
The longest bone in the human body
Definition
 the femur
Term
Skeleton labeling
Definition
off worksheet!
Term
The function of the Reproductive system is
Definition

to produce and transport gametes

to store and nourish gametes

Term
The reproductive system includes all except:
Definition

gonads

ducts

accessory glands

external genetilia

 

All are Correct!

Term
Sperm and cells are stored in
Definition
the epidermis
Term
undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are also called
Definition
spermatogonia
Term
intertissual cells produce
Definition
androgens
Term
sperm production occurs in
Definition
the seminaferous tubule
Term
the hormone responsible for male secondary characteristics
Definition
testosterone
Term
what form at the end of mitosis?
Definition
spermatids
Term
Female structure corresponding to the male penis
Definition
clitoris
Term
order of system
Definition
epidydimis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
Term
The hormone responsible for development & maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics
Definition
estrogen
Term
structure carrying sperm from the epidydimus to the urethra
Definition
ductus deferens
Term
tubular gland that produces secretion that sontains 60% of the volume of semen
Definition
seminal vesicle
Term
At the time of ovulation, the Anterior pulminary/ pituitary gland releases large quantities of
Definition
LH (lutizing hormone)
Term
What does semen contain?
Definition

promotozones, seminal fluid

nutrients and enzymes

 

All of The Above!

Term
The tubular portio of the uterus that extends to te vagina
Definition
the cervix
Term
the fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
Definition
prepuce
Term
erectile tissue located on the dorsal surface of the penis
Definition

corpus cavernosa

or corpus spongeose?

Term
what is suspended below the base of the penis (spongy pouch)
Definition
scrotum
Term
What initiates sperm production in the testes?
Definition
the pituitary hormone FSH
Term
The organ that provides mechanical production and nutritional support for the embryo
Definition
the uterus
Term
the most commonly used oral contraceptive is
Definition
synthetic estrogen & progesterone
Term
In the mammary glands, milk is produced in the
Definition
lobules
Term
The clitoris is:
Definition
a mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior margin of the lavia minora
Term
The generally dark area surrounding the nipple is called
Definition
areola
Term
Fertilization occurs in
Definition
the Fallopian tube
Term
how long is an average menstrual cycle?
Definition
28 days
Term
Female athletes experience a disturbance in their menstrual cycle due to
Definition
a lack of estrogen
Term
The dartos contraction
Definition
causes the wrinkling of the scrotum
Term
which is greater? the number of primortial follicle before birth or at puberty?
Definition
before birth
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