Term
| what parts is the mouth divided into? |
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Definition
1)Vestibule: between cheek and teeth
2)Oral cavity: internal to teeth (contains anterior 2/3 of tongue) |
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Term
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Definition
roof of oral cavity
–Hard palate (bone): anterior 2/3; palatine process of maxilla and palatine bone
•Separates oral and nasal cavities
–Soft palate: posterior 1/3; muscular flap
•Closes off passage way between nasal cavity and oropharynx during swallowing |
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Term
| what is the histology of the mouth> |
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Definition
mucosa
submucosa
external muscularis |
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Term
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Definition
–Stratified squamous epithelium
–Transition from keratinized to non-keratinized
–Lamina propria – typical |
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Term
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Definition
typical
–In gums and bony palate: bone underlies submucosa |
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Term
| what is the external muscularis in the cheeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function and location of the teeth? |
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Definition
•Function
–Bite off portions of food and begin its mechanical breakdown
•Present in sockets = alveoli
–Rows at margins of maxilla and mandible |
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Term
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Definition
1)Crown: above the gum line; may have cusps (raised areas)
2)Neck: at gum line
3)Root: below gum line; anchor tooth in socket |
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Term
| Composistion of the teeth is? |
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Definition
| 1.enamel, 2. dentine 3.pulp caivity and pulp, 4. cementum, 5. periodontal membrane |
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Term
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Definition
a)Outer layer of crown and neck
b)Hardest substance in human body
c)99.5% mineralized (calcium-phosphate crystals, no cells) |
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Term
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Definition
(=Dentin)
a)Underlies enamel; bulk of tooth
b)Dentinal tubules
i.Microscopic canals through dentine layer
ii.Contains long, cell processes of odontoblasts (cells that secrete dentine); odontoblasts along interior layer |
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Term
| what is the pulp cavity and pulp? |
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Definition
3) Pulp Cavity and Pulp
a)Non-mineralized center of tooth
b)Filled with pulp: connective tissue
i.Contains nerves and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
a)Thin layer of bone on outside of root
b)Provides an anchor for thin collagen fibers from periodontal membrane (ligament) on its outside |
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Term
| What is periodontal membrane (ligament)? |
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Definition
a)Dense connective tissue layer
b)Anchors tooth in socket via collagen fibers
c)Periodontal disease
i.Starts as gum infection (gingivitis)
ii.Breakdown of periodontal membrane
iii.Loss of teeth |
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Term
| What are the four types of teeth? |
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Definition
incisors
canines
premolars
molars |
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Term
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Definition
1)Incisors
a)Most anterior; chisel-shaped
b)Sheer bites of food |
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Term
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Definition
2)Canines
a)Cone-shaped
b)Piercing and tearing food |
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Term
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Definition
3)Premolars
a)Flat surface with 2 cusps (raised areas) = bicupsid
b)Grinding food |
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Term
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Definition
(“millstones”)
–Broad surface with 4-5 cusps
–Two roots (lower molars);
three roots (upper molars)
–Grinding of food |
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Term
| How many permanent teeth are there? When do most erupt? |
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Definition
| 32- most erupt by the end of adolescence? |
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Term
| What is the dental formula? |
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Definition
shorthand
permanent teeth: 2-1-2-3 (right and left sides, top and bottom)
•2 incisors – 1 canine – 2 premolars – 3 molars
•3rd molar in each group = Wisdom tooth |
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Term
| How many and when do deciduous teeth appear? |
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Definition
20 teeth
first appear at 6 months
2-1-0-2 |
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Term
| What is the tongue? What does it do? What types of muscles? Whatis the posterior third? |
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Definition
•Interlacing fascicles of skeletal muscle
•Grips food and repositions it
•Helps form some consonants
•Intrinsic muscles – within the tongue
–Change shape of tongue
•Extrinsic muscles – external to the tongue
–Move tongue left/right and in/out
•Lingual tonsils: posterior third (in oropharynx) |
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Term
| whats on the superior surface of the tongue? |
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Definition
•Tongue papillae
1)Filiform papillae- pointed, most abundant
2)Fungiform papillae (“mushroom-shaped”)
3)Vallate papillae (= circumvallate): largest |
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Term
| What are taste buds? what do they synapse with? |
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Definition
•Present on fungiform and vallate papillae
–Note: papillae does not equal taste bud
•Sensory receptor cells surrounded by supportive cells
–Form synapses with sensory afferents in cranial nerves VII, IX, X |
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Term
| What are salivary glands? what type of glands? |
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Definition
•Produce saliva (spit)
•Compound tubuloalveolar glands
•Both intrinsic and extrinsic glands
–Intrinsic glands: continually secrete; moisten oral cavity |
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Term
| what are the 3 pairs of extrinsic glands in salivary glands? |
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Definition
1)Parotid- largest
2)Submandibular
3)Sublingual glands |
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Term
salivary glands secrete:
contain 2 types of cells in secretory units:
glands vary with? |
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Definition
•Secrete mucus, starch digesting enzyme (amylase), bacteria-killing molecules, ions, and water
•Contain two types of cells in secretory units
–Mucous cells: secrete mucus
–Serous cells: secrete other products
•Glands vary with respect to secretory units:
–Parotid: only serous
–Submandibular: mixed serous and mucous
–Sublingual: mostly mucous (some serous units) |
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Term
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Definition
| throat-region of alimentary canal |
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Term
| what does the pharynx consist of? |
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Definition
three parts; all continuous
1)Nasopharynx: posterior to nasal cavity
2)Oropharynx: posterior to oral cavity
3)Laryngopharynx: posterior to larynx |
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Term
Pharynx is s passage for:
What is it made up of? |
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Definition
for air and food
–Lined with stratified squamous epithelium
–External muscle layer: Note = skeletal muscle
•Consists of superior,middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors |
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Term
What is the fauces?
contains?
consists of? |
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Definition
•Beginning of oropharynx, at posterior border of oral cavity
•Contains the palatine tonsils
•Consists of an archway defined by two folds of the mucosa
1)Palatoglossal arch: anterior
2)Palatopharyngeal arch: posterior |
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Term
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Definition
Gross anatomy – muscular tube
–Begins as a continuation of the pharynx
–Transports swallowed food to stomach
–Joins the stomach inferior to the diaphragm |
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Term
| what does the esophagus pass through? |
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Definition
| esophageal hiatus = opening in diaphragm |
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Term
Microscopic anatomay of the esophagus,
epithelium-
when empty-
mucous glands-
muscularis externa-
most external layer- |
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Definition
–Epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium
–When empty – mucosa and submucosa in longitudinal folds
–Mucous glands – primarily compound tubuloalveolar glands
–Muscularis externa – Note: skeletal muscle first third of length; smooth muscle remainder
–Most external layer – adventitia |
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