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Mo's Digestive study guide
digestive system
46
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
04/11/2009

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Cards

Term
What are characteristics of pancreatic secretions?
Definition

1. Is secreted by acini and ducts

2. Secretes about 1 liter a day

3. Contains enzymes to digest protien, starch fat and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)

Term
Describe three digestions by pancreatic enzymes.
Definition

1. Protien Digestion

2. Starch Digestion

3. Fat Digestion

Term
Describe protein Digestion?
Definition

*four proteolytic enzymes secreted as inactive proenzymes

*Porenzyems activated in duodenum

*enzymes digest protien and polypeptides to smaller peptide and amino acids.

Term
Describe Starch digestion?
Definition
*Starch not digested by salivary amylase in the mouth an stomach is digesed in intestine by pancreatic enzymes. Digested same as in mouth
Term
Describe fat digestion?
Definition

Triglyccerides (fat molecules made of glycerol and three fatty acids) digested in sm. intestine by pancreatic lipase

*Digestion of each triglyceride yields a monoglyceride molecule and two fatty acid molecules.

*Bile from the gallbladder required for lipase to digest fat.

Term
Describe digestion by intestinal enzymes?
Definition
Responsible for most chemical digestion. Enzymes fro pancreas and small intestines complete digestion of protien, starch, disaccharide sugars and fats.
Term
Intestinal Enzyme breakdown?
Definition

Disaccharidases digest disaccharides to monosaccharides.

Sucrose -> Sucrase -> Glucose + Fructose Maltose -> Maltase -> Glucose + Glucose Lactose -> Lactase -> Glucose + Galactose

Term
Describe absorption in the small intestines?
Definition
Uptake of all substances in absorptive cells then into blood and lymph
Term
Villi and Microvilli are responsible in absorption of the small intestine how?
Definition
They provide large surface area for absorption.
Term
What is absorbed through the small intestines?
Definition
most digested food, water, electrolytes, vitamins and other substances in the small intestine,
Term
What is absorbed into blood?
Definition
Monosaccharides, amino acids, water, electrolytes (sodium and potassium) and water soluble vitamins (Vitamin C and B)
Term
What is absorbed through Lacteals?
Definition
Fat soluble Vitamins and large fatty acids and monoglycerides.
Term
List and describe functions of large intestine?
Definition

1. Feces formation by bacterial action

2. Limited digestion of undigested food by bacteria

3. Formation of Vitamin K and some B by bacteria.

4. Absorbtion of some water, electrolytes, vitamins and bile salts.

Term
What are the functions of the liver?
Definition

1.Carbohydrate, lipid and protien metablolism

 2. Removal of waste products such as bilirubin. 3. Storage of glycogen, vitamins and iron.

 4. Phagocytosis by KUPFFER cells

5. Bile Secretion

 6. Plasma Protien Synthesis

 7. Detoxification of toxins such as alcohol.

Term
Describe the functions of Bile?
Definition

1. Emulsification of fat in sm. intestines.

2. Excretion of bilirubin and cholesterol.

3. Aid in fat absorption.

Term
Gingivitis
Definition
Inflamation of gums
Term
Periodontal Disease
Definition
plaque causes destruction of periodontal membrane and jaw bone with possible loss of teeth.
Term
Stomatitis
Definition
inflammation of mouth
Term
Dental Caries
Definition
cavities
Term
Esophagitis and GERDS
Definition
acid reflux from stomach into esophagus
Term
Gastritis
Definition
inflammation of stomach
Term
GI neoplasms
Definition
cancers of GI tract
Term
Hepatitis
Definition
inflammation of liver, several types
Term
Peptic Ulcer
Definition
erosion of stomach/duodenal lining, usually caused by a bacterium
Term
Another name for swallowing is?
Definition
deglutination
Term
Pancreatic secretions contain an enzyme that will digest _____
Definition
Starch
Term
What emulsifies fat so that it is easier to digest
Definition
Bile
Term
The movement of food along the digestive tract is called ______
Definition
peristalsis
Term
What is the last part of the small intestine
Definition
Ileum
Term
Rugae is found in the gall bladder and the _____
Definition
stomach
Term
Brush border enzymes are located within the _____________of intestinal absorptive cells
Definition
Microvilli
Term
What secretes pepsinogen
Definition
Chief cells
Term
Parietal cells secrete ________
Definition
HCI (Acid)
Term
Function of the Lesser Omentum
Definition
Supports stomach
Term
What is the site of the most digestion and absorption?
Definition
small intestine
Term
The liver can store iron T/F
Definition
True
Term
Lymph capillaries in villi are called
Definition
lacteals
Term
Chewing is also known as
Definition
Mastication
Term
The enzyme that requires an acid pH is
Definition
Pepsin
Term
The __________ supports the liver
Definition
falciform ligament
Term
What helps with the absorption into the intestional cells
Definition
bile salts
Term
Fat (triglyceride) molecules made of ?
Definition
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Term
Fat is digested in small intestine by
Definition
pancreatic lipase
Term
Micelles are required for
Definition
fat absorption
Term
Bile combined with digested fat forms?
Definition
micelles
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