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Definition
A nonmitotic or non division form of cell death that occurs when cells die without attempting division during the interphase portion of the cell life cycle. |
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A method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to lethal effects of radiation |
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| The breaking of one or both of the sugar–phosphate chains of a DNA ladder-like structure, which is a potential outcome when ionizing radiation interacts with a DNA macromolecule. |
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Biologic damage that occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules, which may cause these molecules to become either inactive or functionally altered. |
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Definition
Solitary atoms, or most often a combination of atoms, that are very chemically reactive as a result of the presence of unpaired electrons. |
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The effect produced by free radicals that are created by the interaction of radiation with water molecules; cell death can result.
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Term
| law of Bergonié and Tribondeau- |
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Definition
The radiosensitivity of cells is directly proportional to their reproductive activity and inversely proportional to their degree of differentiation. |
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Term
linear energy transfer (LET) |
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Definition
The average of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in an object per unit length of track as it passes through the object. It is expressed in units of keV/µm. |
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Definition
| changes in genes caused by the loss or change of a nitrogenous base on the DNA chain. It is generally the result of the interaction of high-energy radiation with a DNA molecule. |
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Term
| oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) |
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Definition
The ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in any oxygen-deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normally oxygenated conditions. |
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Definition
| Altered areas in molecules caused by the breaking of a single chemical bond. |
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Term
| radiation weighting factor (WR) |
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Definition
A dimensionless factor (a multiplier) that was chosen for radiation protection purposes to account for differences in biologic impact among various types of ionizing radiations. This factor places risks associated with biologic effects on a common scale. |
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Term
| relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) |
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Definition
| Describes the relative capabilities of radiation with differing linear energy transfers (LETs) to produce a particular biologic reaction. Simply defined, it is the ratio of the dose of a reference radiation (conventionally, 250kVp x-rays) to the dose of radiation of the type in question that is necessary to produce the same biologic reaction in a given experiment. The reaction is produced by a dose of the test radiation delivered under the same conditions. |
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| Electromagnetic radiation can travel and interact with matter in the form of a wave or a particle. For this reason, x-rays may be described as both waves and particles. |
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| The structural units of protein. |
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The phase of mitosis during which the duplicate centromeres migrate in opposite directions along the mitotic spindle and carry the chromatids to opposite sides of the cell. |
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Definition
| The period of cell growth that occurs before actual mitosis. |
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Definition
The process of germ (genetic) cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell to half the number of chromosomes in the parent cell. |
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Definition
| The phase of cell division during which the mitotic spindle is completed. It is also the phase of cell division in which chromosome damage caused by radiation exposure can be evaluated |
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Definition
When water tends to move across cell surfaces or membranes into areas in which a high concentration of potassium ions is present. |
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Definition
The phase of mitosis during which cell division is completed with the formation of two new daughter cells, each of which contains exactly the same genetic material as the parent cell.
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| When water tends to move across cell surfaces or membranes into areas in which a high concentration of potassium ions is present |
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