Term
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Definition
| The movement of cellular material that requires energy. |
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Term
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| Energy storage molecule used to power muscle contractions and other cellular reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third step in mitosis in which chromosomes split and spindles pull them apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Natural and synthetic substances that either destroy a bacterial microorganism or inhibit its growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reproduction in which sex cells are not utilized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest part of an element that still retains its properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loss of muscle bulk in one or more muscles. It can be caused by malnutrition or can occur in any part of the body that is paralyzed and the muscles receive no electrical impulse from the nerves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Asexually reproducing cell capable of creating an infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not progressive, nonmalignant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells in which the cell enlarges, duplicates its chromosomes, and creates a transverse septum, forming two identical daughter cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtaining of tissue samples for microscopic examination to help determine a diagnosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The protein covering around a virus particle. |
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Term
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Definition
| The life cycle of the cell, including normal activity (interphase) and cell division (mitotic phase) |
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Term
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Definition
| Semipermeable barrier that surrounds a cell and holds in the cytoplasm. It allows water and some nutrients to enter and waste products to leave the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The cellular process in which oxygen is used to break down glucose and other nutrients for energy needed for cellular activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organelle that precedes mitosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Region of cytoplasm usually near the nucleus that contains 1-2 centrioles. |
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Term
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Definition
| The use of chemical substances or drugs to treat a disease, usually used in reference to cancer treatment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small hairs that flow in waves to move foreign particles away from the lungs toward the nose and the throat where they can be expelled. Also found inside the fallopian tube to propel an ovum toward the uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference between solute concentrations of two solutions. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inherited disease involving abnormally high sweat chloride levels, pancreatic insufficiency, and pus-producing pulmonary disease with high levels of thick tenacious mucus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The division of cytoplasm during cellular division. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gel-like intracellular substance. Organelles are embedded in it. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
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Definition
| Sequenced pairs of nucleotides that forma double helix. A segment of DNA makes up a gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition resulting from too little secretion of insulin leading to increased levels of blood glucose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal development of tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ingestion of substances by a cell. Substances are taken into the cells after being surrounded by vesicles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle that consists of a network of channels that transport materials within a cell. Also the site of protein, fat, and glycogen synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions within cells. Enzymes are particularly important in the breakdown and synthesis of biological molecules. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism in which the cell nucleus is surrounded by a cell membrane; the cells that make up the human body, possessing a nucleus, organelles, and several chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretion. The expulsion of material from a cell using vesicles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as carrier mediated passive transport; the movement of substances into cells via carrier proteins. |
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Term
| familial hypercholesterolemia |
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Definition
| A condition in which the low-density lipoproteins are not being removed from the blood properly by the lipoprotein receptors in the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which water and substances in the blood are pushed through pores of the glomerulus. The resulting fluid is known as filtrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hairlike processes on bacteria or protozoa that cause movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microbial life that has adapted to live in the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A plantlike organism (includes mold and yeasts). |
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Term
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Definition
| An area on a chromosome that contains all the DNA information needed to produce one type of protein molecule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle of the cell that packages cellular material for transport. |
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Term
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Definition
| High levels of cholesterol in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive growth of normal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Greater than normal growth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormone secreted by the pancreas that allows for glucose to be utilized for cellular respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organelle that consists of a small sac with digestive enzymes in it. These destroy pathogens that invade the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cancerous, able to spread to distant parts of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of cellular division that forms gametes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second step in mitosis where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of one kinds of tissue into a form that is not normal for that tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which cancerous cells break off from a tumor and move through the blood vessels or lymphatic vessels to other sites in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| To spread throughout the body to distant sites. |
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Term
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Definition
| The energy organelle of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Asexual cellular reproduction that produces exact copies of the original cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The phase dedicated to actual cell division. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular filaments as seen in fungal bodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Round, central region within the nucleus. It makes ribosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The control center or "brain" of cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| The passage of the solvent through a semipermeable membrane to equalize concentrations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pressure that develops when there are two solutions of varying concentrations that are separated by a semipermeable membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The general term for the transportation of cellular material without the use of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microorganism that causes a disease. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and other microorganisms, as well as plant cells like fungi or yeast. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which a phagocyte destroys a foreign cell or cellular debris; a type of endocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited disease characterized by the excess of phenylketone in the urine due to an accumulation of phenylalanine in the tissues that may lead to brain injury or death. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which a cell absorbs fluid material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that do not have a nucleus or organelles as in bacterial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first step in mitosis where the nucleus disappears, chromosomes become visible and act as anchor lines, and centrioles move toward the sides of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Molecule contained in ribosomes and necessary for making proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Granular organelle located throughout the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes contain RNA and proteins and are the site of protein synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The substance dissolved in a solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that have a protective barrier to allow for future reproduction in a hostile environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fourth step in mitosis in which chromosomes migrate to ends of cell, spindles disappear, and the nuclei reappear. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small bladder or blister; a membrane-bound storage sac inside a cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A parasitic microorganism that depends on other cells for its metabolic and reproductive needs. |
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