Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Midterm- Chapter 10 (Muscles)
muscles
134
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
03/06/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Muscles only ____, never push
Definition
pull
Term
Skeletal muscles work ________ or in __________
Definition
together, opposition
Term
As muscles shorten, the insertion generally moves ______ the origin
Definition
towards
Term
What do primer movers do?
Definition
major force for specific movement
Term
What do antagonists do?
Definition
oppose/reverse a movement
Term
What do synergists do?
Definition

-add force to movement

-reduce unnecessary movement

Term
What are fixators?
Definition
synergists that immobilize a bone
Term
The epicranius consists of _________, ___________, & g_____ a__________
Definition

-frontalis

-occipitalis

-galea aponeurotica

 

Term
Frontal belly origin?
Definition
galea aponeurotica
Term
Frontal belly insertion?
Definition
skin of brows & root of nose
Term
Frontal belly action?
Definition

raise eyebrows

wrinkles forehead

Term
Frontal belly nerve?
Definition
Facial Nerve (cranial VII)
Term
occipital belly origin?
Definition

-occipital

-temporal bones

Term
occipital belly insertion?
Definition
galea aponeurotica
Term
occipital belly action?
Definition

-fixes aponeurosis

-pulls scalp posteriorly

Term
occipital belly nerve ?
Definition
facial nerve (cranial VII)
Term
How many muscles are involved in lifting brows, flaring nostirls, blinking, opening and closing the mouth & smiling?
Definition
11
Term
What are facial muscles innervated by?
Definition
cranial VII ---> facial nerve
Term
Orbicularis Oculi origin?
Definition

-frontal

-maxillary bones

-ligaments around orbit

Term
orbicularis oculi insertion?
Definition
tissue of eyelid
Term
orbicularis oculi action?
Definition

-protects eye from bright light

-blinking

-squinting

 

Term
orbicularis oculi nerve?
Definition
facial nerve (cranial VII)
Term
zygomaticus origin
Definition

-zygomatic bone

 

Term
zygomaticuus nerve?
Definition
facial nerve (cranial VII)
Term
zygomaticus insertion
Definition
-skin and muscle @ cornerof  mouth
Term
levator labii superioris origin
Definition

-zygomatic bone

-margin of maxilla

Term
levator labii superioris insertion
Definition

-skin

-muscle of upper lip

Term
levator labii superioris nerve?
Definition
facial (cranial VII)
Term
depressor labii inferioris origin?
Definition

-body of mandible

-midline

Term
depressor labii inferioris insertion?
Definition

-skin

muscle of lower lip

Term
depressor anguli oris origin?
Definition

-body of mandible

 

Term
depressor anguli oris origin
Definition

body of mandible

skin & lower lip muscle

Term
depressor anguli oris insertion
Definition

-skin

-muscle @ angle of mouth

Term
depressor anguli oris nerve
Definition
facial
Term
depressor anguli oris action?
Definition
tragedy mask like in theatres
Term
orbicular oris origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition

O: maxilla & mandible. 

I: encircles mouth, inserts into muscle, skin at angle of mouth
A: closes lips, kissing
N: facial 

Term
buccinator origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition
O: molar region of maxilla and mandible
I: orbicular oris
 A: whistling, sucking, holds food while chewing
N: facial (cranial VII)
Term
platysma (unpaired) origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition

O: chest

I: lower mandible, skin & muscle at mouth corners
A: tense skin of neck (during shaving)
N: facial 

Term
What are the four pairs of muscles in mastication (chewing your food)?
Definition

-temporalis & masseter (prime mover)

-2 pterygoids (grinding movement)

Term
What are the four pairs of muscles involved in mastication INNERVATED by?
Definition
cranial nerve V (trigeminal)
Term
three major tongue muscles?
Definition

-genoioglossus

-styloglossus

-hypoglossus

Term
what nerve are the three major tongue muscles anchored by?
Definition
hypoGLOSSAL nerve (cranial XII)
Term
Genioglossus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: internal mandible near symphysis
I: inferior tongue and hyoid bone
A: protudes tongue

N: hypoglossal nerve (cranial XII) 

Term
what 4 deep throat muscles do?
Definition

-form oral cavity floor

-anchor tongue

-elevate hyoid

-move larynx

Term
what is the major head flexor?
Definition
sternocleidomastoid
Term
lateral head movements are accomplished by the ____________________ & ______ muscles
Definition
sternocleidomastoid & scalene
Term
head extension is accomplished by deep ________ muscles and aided by superficial __________
Definition
splenius & trapezius
Term
sternocleidomastoid origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition

O: sternum, clavicle

I: mastoid process or temporal bone, occipital bone
A: head flexion
N: acessory nerve (XI) 

Term
scalenes origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition

O- cervical vertebrae

I- first 2 ribs
A: elevate first 2 ribs, flex/rotate neck
N: cervical spinal nerve 

Term
splenius origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition
O: ligamentum nuchae, spinous process
I: mastoid process of temporal, tranverse process or vertebrae (C2-C4) 
A: extend of hyperextend head
N:  cervical spinal nerve
Term
What is the prime mover of back extension?
Definition
erector spinae
Term
erectorspinae or sacrospinalis consist of: _____________, ___________, & ________
Definition
iliocostalis, longissimuss and spinalis
Term
erectorspinae/sacrospinalis action
Definition
resistance to bending forward and return to erect postion
Term
what is the primary function of deep thoracic muscles?
Definition
promote movement for breathing
Term
external intercostals superficial
Definition

-increases throacic volume to allow inspiration

-lifts rib cage

Term
what are internal intercoatals?
Definition

-deeer layer

-forced expiration

Term
most important muscle in inspiration?
Definition
diaphragm
Term
external intercostals (11 pairs, fibers run oblique) origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition

O: inferior border of rib above

I: superior border of rib below
A: helps inspiration,  move ribs toward eachother
N: intercostal nerve 

Term
internal intercostal (11 pairs, fibers run external) origin, insertion, action and nerve?
Definition

O: superior border of rib below

I: inferior border of rib above

A: draw ribs together, forced expiration 
 N: intercostal nerve

Term
diaphragm
Definition
O: rib cage, sternum, costal cartilage
I: central tendon
A: prime mover of inspiration
N: phrenic nerves
Term
abnominal wall's four paired muscles?
Definition

-internal & extrenal obliques

-transversus abdominis

-rectus abdominis

-fasciae

-aponeuroses

Term
rectus abdominis origin, insertion, action and nerve?
Definition

O: pubic crest
I: xiphoid process, costal cartilage rib 5-7

A: flex and rotate lumbar, depress ribs, stabalize pelvis

N: intercostal nerve (T6 or T7-T12) 

Term
external oblique origin, insertion, action, nerve?
Definition

O: lower 8 ribs

I: anteriorly aponeurosis to linea alba

A: compressing abdominal wall, oblique curls, trunk rotation

N: intercostal (T7-T12)

Term
internal oblique  origin, insertion, action and nerve?
Definition

O: lumbar fascia, iiac crest, inguinal ligament

I: linea alba, pubic crest, last three or four ribs, costal margin

A: As for external oblique

N: intercostal T7-T12

Term
transversus abdominus origin, insertion, action and nerve?
Definition

O: inguinal igament, lumbar fascia, cartilage of last 6 ribs, iliac crest

I: linea alba, pubic crest

A: compresses abdominal content

N: intercostal

Term
what do the ischiocavernosus & bulbospongiosus do?
Definition
erect penis & clitoris
Term
external urethral sphincter origin, insertion, action and nerve?
Definition

O: ischiopubic rami

I: midline raphe

A: constricts urethra, supports pelvic organs

N: pudenal nerve

Term
ishchiocavernosus origin, insertion, action and nerve?
Definition

O: ischial tuberosities

I: crus of corpus cavernosa
A: maintains erection of penis/clitoris

N: pudenal 

Term
bulbospongiosus origin, insertion, action, nerve?
Definition

O: central tendon of perineum & midline raphe of penis
I: corpus cavernosa of penis or clitoris

A: empties male urethra, asissts in erection

N: pudenal

Term
pectoralis major origin, insertion, action and nerve
Definition

O: ribs 3-5

I: coracoid process of scapula

A: draws scapula forward and downward

N: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Term
serratus anterior origin, insertion, action and nerve?
Definition

O: ribs 1-8

I: vertebral bordr of scapula (anterior)
A: rotates scaula, punching, pushing 

N: long thoracic nerve

Term
trapezius origin, insertion, action, nerve
Definition

O: occipital bone of ligamentum nuchae

I: acromion, spine of scapula, third of clavicle
A: shurgging in shoulders

N: accessory nerve 

Term
levator scapulae origin, insertion, action, nerve
Definition

O: transverse process c1-c4

I: medial border scapula, superior to spine

A: flexes neck

N: cervical spinal 

Term
rhomboids origin, insertion, action, nerve
Definition

O: spinous process of C7 & T1

I: medial border of scapula

A: squaring shoulders
N: dorsal scapular nerve 

Term
pectoralis major origin, insertion, action, nerve
Definition
O: sternal end of clavicle
I:greater tubercle of humerus
A: prime mover of arm flexion
N: lateral &medial pectoral nerve
Term
latissimus dorsi origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: indirect attachment to lumbodorsal fasica, lower 3 ribs,

I: spirals around teres major

A: prime mover of arm extension

N: thoracodorsal nerve

Term
deltoid origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: trapezius, 1/3 of clavicle
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
A: prime mover of arm adduction
N: axillary nerve
Term
subscapularis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: stablize shoulder joint
N: subscapular nerves
Term
supraspinatus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: supraspinous fossa
I: superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
A: stablizes shoulder joint
N: suprascapular nerve
Term
infraspinatus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula

I: greater tubercle of humerus

A: stabilize shoulder joint
N: superscapular nerve 

Term
teres minor  origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral border of dorsal scapular surface

I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: adducts arm

N: axillary nerve 

Term
teres major origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: posterior surface of scapula
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: posteromedially extends, adduct humerus

N: lower subscapular nerve 

Term
Coracobrachialis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: coracoid process of scapula
I: medial surface of humerus shaft
A: flexion and adduction of humerus

N: musculocutaneous nerve 

Term
_______ _______ is the prime mover of forearm extension
Definition
triceps brachii
Term
________ is a weak synergist
Definition
anconeus
Term
triceps brachii origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: common tendon of olecranon process of ulna
A: forearm extension
N: radial nerve
Term
__________ and ______ _______ are chief forearm flexors
Definition
brachialis & biceps brachii
Term
_______________ acts as a synergist and helps stablilize the elbow
Definition
brachioradilias
Term
biceps brachii origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: (short head) coracoid process
I: common tendon into radial tuberosity
A: flexes elbow joint

N: musculocutaneous

 

Term
brachialis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: front of distal humerus

I: coronoid process of ulna
A: major forearm flexor
N: musculocutaneous 

Term
brachioradlias origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral suprecondylar ridge at distal end of humerus

I: base of styloid process of eadius
A: synergist in forearm flexion
N: radial nerve 

Term
pronator teres origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: common tendon into lateral radius

A: pronates forearm

N: median nerve

 

Term
flexor carpi radilias origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: base of second and third metacarpal

A: powerful flexor of wrist
N: median nerve 

Term
palmaris longus: origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: palmar aponeurosis
A: tenses skin and fascia during hand movement, weak wrist flexor
N: median nerve
Term
flexor capri ulnaris origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: pisiform and hamate bones
A: powerful flexor of wrist
N: ulnar nerve
 

Term
flexor  digitorium superficialis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: 4 tendons of middle phalanges
A: flexes wrist
N: median nerve 

Term
extensor carpi radialis longus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: second metacarpal 

A: extends wrist, abducts writst

N: radial nerve

Term
extensor digitorum origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of humeus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: extends and abducts wrist

N: deep branch of radial nerve
 

Term
extensor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus 

I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: extends wrist, adducts wrist
N: posterior interosseous nerve 

Term
supinator origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I proximal end of radius
A: assists biceps brachii to supinate forearm

N: psoterior interosseous nerve

Term
abductor pollicis brevis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: flexor retinaculum

I: base of thumb
A: abducts thumb
N:  median nerve

Term
flexor pollicis brevis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: flexor retinaculum
I: base of prox phalanx of thumb
A: flexes thumb
N: median nerve
Term
opponens pollicis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: flexor retinaculum
I: metacarpal 1
A: moves thumb to touch tip of finger
N: median
Term
abductor digiti minimi origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: pisiform bone
I: prox phalanx of pinky
A: abducts pink

N: ulnar nerve 

Term
flexor digiti minimi brevis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: hamate bone & flexor retinaculum
I: prox phalanx of pinky

A: flexes pinky
N: ulnar 

Term
opponens digiti minimi origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: hamate bone & flexor retinaculum 
I: metacarpal 5
A: cup hand (holding something)
N: Ulnar
Term
sartorius origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: iliac spine
I: medial aspect of knee
A: flexes, abducts, rotates thigh
N: femoral
Term
adductor magnus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: ischial and pubic rami
I: linea aspera
A: anterior part adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh
N: obturator nerve
Term
adductor longus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: pubis near symphysis
I: linea aspera
A: adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh
N:  orburator nerve
Term
adductor brevis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: ramus of pubis
I: linea aspera above adductor longus
A: adducts and medially rotates thigh
N: obturator nerve
Term
pectineus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: pectineal line of pubis
I: lesser trochanter into linea aspera
A: adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh
N: femoral
Term
gracilis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O:  ramus & body of pubis

I: medial surface of tibia
A: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates thigh
 N: obturator nerve

Term
biceps femoris: origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: ischial tuberosity
I: common tendon  inserts into fibula
A: extends thigh and flexes knee
N: sciatic nerve
Term
semitendinosus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: ischial tuberosity
I: upper tibial shaft
A: extends thigh at hip, flexes knee
N sciatic nerve
Term
semimembranosus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial condyle of tibia
A: extends and flexes knee
N: sciatic
Term
gluteus maximus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: extends thigh
N: inferior gluteal nerve
Term
five adductor muscles of thigh adduction (think adductor MLB/pg)
Definition

adductor MAGNUS

adductor LONGUS

adductor BREVIS

pectineus

gracilis

Term
adductor magnus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: ischial and pubic rami
I: linea aspera
A: adducts and medially rotates and flexes thigh
N: obturator nerve
Term
adductor longus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: pubis near symphysis 
I: linea aspera
A: adducts, flexes, medially rotates thigh 
N: orburator nerve
Term
adductor brevis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: linea aspera
A: adducts and rotates thigh
N: obturator nerve
Term
pectineus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: pectineal line of pubis
I: lesser trochanter into linea aspera

A: adducts, flexes and rotates thigh

N: femoral 

Term
gracilis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: inferior ramus and body of pubis
I: medial surface of tibia
A: adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates

N: obturator 

Term
rectus femoris origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: anterior inferior iliac spine
I: patella and tibial tuberosity

A: extends knee and flexes thigh
N: femoral 

Term
vastus lateralis  origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: greater trochanter

I: intertrochanteric line
I: rectus femoris
A: extends and stabilizes knee

N: femoral nerve 

Term
vastus medialis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: linea aspera
I: rectus femoris
A: extends knee
N: femoral
Term
vastus intermedialis origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: femur shaft (anterior)

I: rectus femoris
A: extends knee

N: femoral 

Term
tibialis anterior origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral condyle of upper tibial shaft

I: tendon into medial cuneiform

A: dorsiflexion
N: deep fibular nerve 

Term
extensor digitorum longus origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition

O: lateral condyle of tibia

I: middle and distal phalanges

A: toe extension
N: deep fibular 

Term
gastrocnemius origin, insertion, action & nerve
Definition
O: condyles of femur
I: posterior calcneus
A: flexes foot
N: tibial
Supporting users have an ad free experience!