IWW

Industrial Workers of the World

labor union, oppsed capitalism, no cooperate with corporation

Great Train Robbery

First movie to tell a story

city commisions

Government that run cities. Galveston, Texas, after hurricane

Thirteenth Amendement

Abolished slavery

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese wanted to get foreigners (Europeans/Japanese) out.

Failed.

 John Hay

Secretary of State

Open Door Policy

Hay-Bunau Treaty

Platt Amendment

Established U.S. protectorate over Cuba

Anaconda Plan

Naval Blockade of South during Civil War from European supplies

carpetbaggers

Northerners who went South after the Civil War for political/economical game.

Compromise of 1877

Removed federal troops out of the South and ended Reconstruction

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Led to new fire codes and regulations

 Homestead Act

Try to get people to settle West. 160 acres. If you took care of it for 5 years, you could keep it.

Dawes Act

Reservation land. 160 acre plots to each family.

Pacific Railway Act

1862. Awarded contract for transcontinental railroad. Union Pacific, and Central Pacific.

 Social Darwinism

Idea created by Herbert Spencer. It was the idea of survival of the fittest. Justify capitalism.

Suburbs

Residential neighborhoods on outskirts of cities.

Gilded Age

1877-1900. Corrupt government with scandals. Patronage. Presidents were unspectacular.

NAACP

National Association Advancement of Colored People.

 W.E.B DuBois. Protect civil rights for blacks.

muckrakers

Writers, journalists, wrote about the wrongs of society.

Stalwarts

Republicans who wanted patronage, not civil reform.

Booker T. Washington

1) Trade school for Tuskegee Institute

2) Atlanta Compromise

Jim Crow

Laws designed to enforce segregation

Battle of Little Bighorn

Greatest victory by Native Americans.

Custer defeated.

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Trades. Dominated the Railroad Industry.

Graft

Acquisition of money or political power through dishonest of illegal means

William Marcy Tweed

Political Boss of Tamany Hall in NYC

John Dewey

Educational reformer. Thought the best way to learn was a hands-on approach

18th Amendment

Prohibition. No alcohol in the U.S.

Treaty of Paris 1898

Ended the Spanish-American War

1) Cuba independent

2) US gets Guam and Puerto Rico

 3) We pay Spanish 20 million dollars for Phillipines

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft. US would give full military and diplomatic support for American business investments in Latin America.

Panama Canal

French tried to make it first but they failed.

Theodore Roosevelt

Became president after McKinley was assassinated.

U.S. Department of Agriculture

Created to help farmers with new crops and methods.

John Wilkes Boothe

Assassinated Lincoln

 Black Codes

Laws designed to prevent African Americans from exercising new rights.

Adamson Act

8 hour workday for Railroad workers

Pikes Peak

Colorado. Had GOLD. Caused conflicts between whites and Native Americans

Exodusters

African Americans who left South for better opportunites. They went to the Midwest.

Sarah Winnemucca

Native American who appealed to President Harrison to allow Paiutes to return to their native land.

Precinct captains

Strength of political machines because of their relationship with urban voters

Joseph Glidden

Invented barbed wire

Jones Act of 1917

Granted Puerto Rico U.S. citizenship

Cotton Diplomacy

Belief by Confederates that Europeans would help them because they needed cotton. That didn't happen.

Hydraulic mining

Used water jets to wear away rocks and find stuff

Purchase of Alaska

1867. From Russia. $7.2 million. Seward was the Secretary of State when purchase was made.

Bessemer Process

Made steel production easier and cheaper.

Gettysburg

Turning point in the Civil War

Telephone operators

They needed more. Most were women.

Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie. Idea that all rich industrialists should give money back to society when they died.

Problems of poor in cities

1) Low pay

2) Housing shortages

3) High rent

Election of 1888

Harrison won despite losing popular votes

(he got electoral vote)

Election of 1860

Lincoln was president. The Southern States seceeded.

Border States

States loyal to the Union

Ex. Maryland

First Battle of Bull Run

Civil War. First major battle. Showed Union it would NOT be an easy war.

Battle of New Orleans

 Civil War Battle.

Union gained control of the Mississippi River.

Redeemers

Supporters of white controlled governments.

South-post Civil-War.

 Atlanta Compromise

Booker T. Washington's response to Plessy vs.

Ferguson. From seperate to equal.

14th Amendment

Made blacks citizens

19th Amendment

Woman's suffrage.

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

National Banking System. By Wilson. It helped farmers and raised the gold standard.

"bully pulpit"

 Roosevelt

Meant he used his presidency to get what he wants.

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

Tafts administration. W/ Pinchot.

Roosevelt w/ Ballinger.

Taft was not into conservation.

54th Massachusetts Infantry

Black regiment during the Civil War.

Assault on Fort Wagner.

Frederick Douglas

Former slave who became leading abolotionist.

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

He violated the 10 year of office act

Plessy vs. Ferguson

Supreme Court Case that established separate but equal. Legalized segregation.

Scalawags

Southerners who supported carpetbag

governments

Election of 1876

Hayes vs. Tilden. Hayes won.

Enforcement Acts

During the Civil War, they protected the rights of African Americans

Lincoln's Plan for Reconstruction

Leniency. Would offer amnesty to Southern Confederates who said succession was wrong.

Elisha Otis

Invented the elevator

Eugene V. Debs

Leader of The American Railway Union. Pullman Strike

Jefferson Davis

President of the Confederate States of America

Henry Clay

 1) American System- economic plan

2) Missouri Compromise

3) Compromise of 1850

Ulysses S. Grant

Won Battle of Vicksburg. Put in charge of all unions in 1864

Chief Joseph

Leader of Nez Perce

Geronimo

Led battle against US system in West

Edwin Drake

1st oil well

Samuel Gompers

Led the American Federation of Labor

AFL

W.E.B. DuBois

Founded the NAACP

Upton Sinclair

Wrote Jungle

Robert La Follette

Progressive governor from Wisconsin

Square Deal

Roosevelts program for America

Samuel Jones

Progressive mayor from Toledo

Tom Johnson

Progressive mayor from Cleveland

Mann-Elkins Act

Regulate telephone and telegraph industries

Dred Scott Case

Said slaves could not sue because they are not citizens.

Confederate States of America

Southern States when they seceeded from the

 Union.

Morrill Act

Set aside thousands of federal land in West to be used by states to find mining and agricultural colleges.

Long Walk

Navajos forced to relocate to Bosque Redondo Reservation

corporation

Business entity that sells stock which results in

 investors having partial ownership of a company.

Trust

Stock holders of competing companies turn their stock over to a board of trustees. Receive trust certificates.

Great Upheaval

Year of labor unrest

Sherman Antitrust Act

Outlawed all monopolies and trusts

Progressive goals

 8 hour workday.

Minimum wages.

Safety in workplace.

End child labor.

End political progression.

More democrat

American Federation of Labor

Labor union founded by Samuel Gompers.

Skilled workers.

Focused on bread and butter issues.

open shop

factory/business where you don't have to belong to a union

Who were the progressives?

Made of upper class

National Urban League

Jobs/housing opportunites for African Americans

Jim Thorpe

Athlete, Native American, known for getting gold metal in the Olympics

17th Amendment

direct election of U.S. senators by people

16th Amendment

Federal income tax

Mary Harris Jones

most dangerous woman in America because of organizing and promoting union

Benevolent societies

Charitable aid organizations that helped immigrants

Immigration Restriction League

(IRL)

 Required a literacy test.

Mass transit

Development of cities/suburbs

Social Gospel Movement

Using Christian principles to solve social problems

Compulsory education laws

forced kids to go to school

yellow journalism

Sensationalizing/Exaggerating stories

City governments- Gilded Age

 Huge demand utilities and public services

Local politicians and ward bosses ran city governments

Corrupt practices by political bosses

Vote early/often. Kickbacks. Bribes.

Corruption in Grant's Administration

People blamed the problems on the Spoil System

organizations to help farmers

 1) National Farming Cooperatives

2) Colored Farmers Alliance

3) Southern Alliance

Populist Party goals

Restriction on Immigration

voting reforms

government ownership of railroads

Monopoly

when a corporation has exclusive control of an industry

Elizabeth Blackwell

1st doctor

Clara Barton

founded Red Cross

Ida B. Wells

Leader behind anti-lynching movement

Jane Addams

settlement houses. Hull House in Chicago

Caroline Bartlett

People's Church in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Based on Social Gospel Movement

Ida Tarbell

Muckraker

History of the Standard Oil Company