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Midterm
Western Civilization
150
History
Undergraduate 1
06/29/2015
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Term
Hominids split off from the great apes around six million years ago in
 Definition
Africa
Term
The first modern Homo sapiens
 Definition
First appeared in Africa between 200,000 to 150,000 years ago
Term
The cave in southern France, discovered in 1994 and that contains three hundred paintings of animals is
 Definition
Chauvet
Term
All of the following are believed to be developments of the paleolithic age except
 Definition
the regular production of food through agriculture
Term
In ancient civilizations, bronze would replace copper because
 Definition
Bronze was harder and more durable
Term
The early neolithic age saw
 Definition
a slow transition from hunting and gathering to an agricultural society
Term
the term civilization refers to human societies which, amongst other features,
 Definition
have an urban focus and distinct religious structure.
Term
One of the oldest known agricultural villages, located in Palestine was
 Definition
jericho
Term
The ancient city of Catal huyuk was
 Definition
a neolithic walled community sustained by food surpluses
Term
In agrarian societies, an economic surplus is food which is
 Definition
used to support a non-laboring elite
Term
The Sumerians
 Definition
were plagued by incessant warfare between their many city states
Term
The sumerian government
 Definition
came to view kings as agents of their gods
Term
Sumerian kings derived their authoirty from
 Definition
the gods
Term
mesopotamia is located in the valley of
 Definition
Tigris and Euphrates river
Term
The basic unit of early mesopotamia civilization was the
 Definition
city-state
Term
The physical environment of mesopotamia generally led to
 Definition
a pessimistic outlook with an emphasis on satisfying their angry gods.
Term
Mesopotamian religion was
 Definition
one in which no god reigned supreme and deites were closely related to cities.
Term
The written script of sumer is known as
 Definition
cuneiform
Term
The epic of giglamesh teaches that
 Definition
human life is difficult and immmortality is only for the gods
Term
The ruler of akkad, who established the first empire in sumer ca. 2340 b.bc was
 Definition
Sargon
Term
Gilgamesh was
 Definition
the hero of a sumerian epic poem
Term
punishments for crimes under the code of hammurabi
 Definition
were more sever for lower classes
Term
Which of the following statements best applies to the status of woman in mesopotamian society?
 Definition
The role of the woman was to be in the home and subservient to her husband
Term
unlike the rivers in Mesopotamia the nile river
 Definition
never rises or falls, but flows steadiliy year round
Term
The focal poiints and sources of life for the ancient egyptians were the
 Definition
nile river and the pharaohs
Term
In comparison to mesopotamian society, egyptian society was
 Definition
more rural
Term
Ancient egyptian history is divided into ____ major periods
 Definition
three
Term
According to egyptian theology, the Pharaoh derived his authority from
 Definition
the fact that he was percieved as a divine instrument of order and harmony
Term
The term Ma'at expresses the egyptian belief in
 Definition
truth justice and order in the universe
Term
Egypt's old kingdom ended for all of the following except
 Definition
foriegn invasion
Term
For administrative purposes in the old kingdom egypt was,
 Definition
divided into provinces called nomes and governed by nomarchs
Term
the hyskos
 Definition
were a semitic speaking people who infiltrated egypt in the seventeenth century b.c
Term
The economy of ancient egypt relied most heavily on
 Definition
agriculture
Term
Which of the egyptian god was most closely assosiated with the mummification of the dead?
 Definition
Osiris
Term
Originally Osiris cult was reserved for
 Definition
the wealthy who could afford preservation of the body
Term
The egyptian pyramis were
 Definition
concieved and built as tombs for a city of the dead
Term
Which of the following is not true of egyptian art ?
 Definition
It was largely individually expressive , illustrated by many identifiable artists.
Term
Amenhotep IV is best known for
 Definition
the temporary installation of the god of the sun disk in egyptian culture
Term
Which of the following is not true of egyptian social life ?
 Definition
marriages were based on love and personal attraction
Term
In general, during the imperialistic new kingdom, egyptian government changed by
 Definition
a gradual lessening of the power of pharaohs over their neighbors
Term
in the thriteenth century the egyptians were driven out of Palestine and back to their original fronteirs by the
 Definition
sea peoples
Term
Akhenaten is best known for his unsuccessful attempt to reform egypts
 Definition
religion
Term
One of the few female pharaohs was
 Definition
hatshepsut
Term
in the first century b.c, egypt became a colony of
 Definition
Rome
Term
the hitties were
 Definition
an indo-European speaking peoples and made iron weapons of war
Term
The hittities played an important role in the history of the middle east because they
 Definition
transmitted mesopotamia culture to the west, especially to the mycenaean greeks
Term
growing appreciation of astronomy among european peoples after 4000 b.c is best seen in
 Definition
megalisth observatories
Term
The most famous megalith construction of europe is
 Definition
stone hedge
Term
the original indo europeans possibly came from
 Definition
the steppe region north of the black sea
Term
Which of the folowing is not an indo-European language
 Definition
babylonian
Term
All of the followin are prominent features of greece's topography except
 Definition
extensive open plains
Term
In general, seperate early greek communities
 Definition
avoided all contact to appease their city gods
Term
the english archaeologist ___ uncovered the bronze age minonian civilization on crete
 Definition
sir arthur evans
Term
Which of the following best describes the myceneans
 Definition
they were a warrior people who achieved their apex between 1400 and 1200 B.C.
Term
The civilization of minonian crete
 Definition
enjoyed great prosperity due to extensive sea trade and commerce and developed elaborate skills in art and achritechture, visible in their great palaces.
Term
Mycenean kings used the title
 Definition
Wanax
Term
A popular minonian sport was
 Definition
bull jumping
Term
During the migrations of the greek dark age, many ionians
 Definition
crossed the aegean sea to settle in the asian minor
Term
What were the chief characteristics of the greek dark age
 Definition
it was a period of migrations and declining food production
Term
Homer's iliad points out the
 Definition
honor and courage of greek aristocratic heroes in battle
Term
which of the following is true of greece from the eighteenth century B.C
 Definition
the polis evolved into the central institution in greek life
Term
the polis was the greek name for
 Definition
city-state
Term
Which of the following was not a characteristic of the typical greek polis
 Definition
each polis had a populatio of between 90,000 and 100,000 citizens
Term
The development of the polis had a negative impact on Greek society by
 Definition
dividing greece into fiercely competitiive states
Term
The greek polis put primary emphasis on
 Definition
cooperation between its citizen for the common welfare
Term
the hoplite pharlanx relied for its success on
 Definition
discipline and teamwork
Term
which greek philosopher said with regards to the polis we must rather regard every citizen as belonging to the state
 Definition
aristole
Term
the rise of tryants in the poleis in the sevententh and sixth centuries b.c.
 Definition
often encouraged the economic and cultural progress of the cities
Term
tyranny in the greek polis arose as
 Definition
a reaction to aristocratic power and widening gulf between the rich and the poor
Term
the spartans made the army the center of their society because
 Definition
they feared an uprising by their helots
Term
the Lycurgan reforms resulted in
 Definition
the establishment of a permanent military state in sparta
Term
The neighbors of the spartans who were free inhabatants and required to pay taxes and perform military service but were not citizens of sparta were
 Definition
perioikoi
Term
unlike the woman of most greek cities spartan woman were expected to
 Definition
stay physically fit to bear healthy children
Term
spartan helots
 Definition
farmed the land as sharecroppers amd had war declared on them every year
Term
for the greeks the term arete described the
 Definition
striving for excellence
Term
which of the following descriptions of athean leaders is incorrect
 Definition
piistraus -remodeled the entire athenian constitution
Term
cleisthenes constitution established the athenian government as
 Definition
a democracy
Term
the typical greek culture in the archaic age was
 Definition
lyric poetry as found in the works of sappho
Term
hesiod's famous poem about the pleasures of ordinary work is titled
 Definition
works and days
Term
the strategoi in athens
 Definition
was a board of ten generals
Term
the poetry of sappho reflected
 Definition
a woman's homosexual and heterosexual feelings in a world dominated by males
Term
the immediate cause of the persian wars was
 Definition
a revolt of the ionian greek colonies in the asian minor.
Term
the battle of marathon was a victory for
 Definition
the athenian hoplites
Term
the narrow pass where 9000 greek hoplites held a persian army for 150,000 men for 3 days was
 Definition
thermopylae
Term
the delian league was organized in 478-477 B.C. to
 Definition
keep sparta isolated in the peloponnesus
Term
During the age of pericles
 Definition
athenians became deeply attached to their democratic system
Term
the peloponnesian war resulted in
 Definition
the unification of the greek city states under thebes
Term
One of the chief causes of the peloponnesian war was
 Definition
sparta's fear of the power of athens and it's maritime empire
Term
the greek historian thucydides differed from herodotus in that the former
 Definition
was unconcerend with spiritual forces as a factor inhistory
Term
the greek dramatist who was a realist and knownn for his portrayal fo realistic characters in real life
 Definition
euripides
Term
greek comedy was
 Definition
used to express political views as evidenced by aristophanes
Term
the greek parthenon
 Definition
is considered the greates example of classical greek temple architecture
Term
early greek philosphy attempted to
 Definition
explain the universe on the basis of unifying principles
Term
the sophists were
 Definition
professional teachers who seemingly questioned the tradditional values of their societies.
Term
Socrates was condemned to death for
 Definition
corrupting the youth of athens
Term
the unexamined life is not worth living is a cornerstone of the philosphy of
 Definition
socrates
Term
plato in the republic imagines a perfect society ruled by
 Definition
philospher-kings
Term
which of the following was no true of greek religion
 Definition
myths served no particular social function
Term
which of the folowing phrases best describes the social situation of most greek woman ?
 Definition
woman were kept inder strict control. cutt off from formal education and were always assigned a male guardian
Term
In classical athen male homosexuality
 Definition
was practiced and tolerated in part as a means by which mature men instructed young males about he masculine world of politics and patronage
Term
for the romans, italy's geography
 Definition
made rome a natural cross road an easy area to defend
Term
rome was established in the first millenium b.c.e on the
 Definition
plain of latium
Term
the people to the north of rome who apparantley ruled Rome for a century and heavily influenced roman urban culture were the
 Definition
etruscans
Term
the etrucans were
 Definition
an urban civilization to the north of rome
Term
livy's account of cincinnatus
 Definition
tells how the virtues of duty and simplicity in the behavior of leaders enabled rome to survive hard times.
Term
rome set a precedent for treating its vanquished foes after forming the roman confederation by
 Definition
offering the most favoried allied peoples full roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in succesful roman expansion
Term
after the latin revolt (440-338b.c.e) Rome
 Definition
enrolled the latin cities as military allies
Term
in defeating the greek city-states in southern Italy Rome
 Definition
had to fight the soilders of king phyruss sent agianst them by the greek
Term
the roman dictator
 Definition
was a temporay executive during the period of the republic. and excercised unlimited power for a period of average six months
Term
the struggles of the orders
 Definition
was a peaceful struggle which resulted in political comprimise
Term
which of the following statements about roman names is inccorect
 Definition
the nomen was the hereditary family name
Term
imperium was
 Definition
the power to command roman citizens
Term
as rome expanded it became roman policy to govern provinces with officals known as
 Definition
proconsuls and propraetors
Term
the paterfamilias in roman society was
 Definition
the male head of the household
Term
originally the roman senate
 Definition
could only advise the magistrates in legal matters
Term
the main achievement of the hortensian law in the roman constitutional history was its
 Definition
ruling that all plebiscita passed by the plebian assembley had the force of law and were binding even upon the patriants
Term
in there struggle with the patricians, roman plebians employed which of the following tactics
 Definition
a physical withdrawl from the state undercutting its military manpower and the formation of popluar assembles to lobby for more political reforms
Term
the 12 tables was/were
 Definition
the first formal codification of roman laws and customs
Term
the centuriate assembley was made up of roman citizens voting by
 Definition
precincts
Term
the carthaginians originated from
 Definition
phoenician tyre
Term
the immediate cause of the first punic war was
 Definition
rome sending an army to sicily
Term
as a result of the first punic war
 Definition
the carthaginians were forced to withdraw from sicily and pay an indemnity to rome
Term
What was the significance of scipio africanus in the second punic war
 Definition
he expeled the carthaginians from spain and later won the descisve battle of zama
Term
the secon punic war saw carthage
 Definition
carry a land war to rome by crossing the alps
Term
the roman senator who led the movement fot the complete desstruction of carthage was
 Definition
cato
Term
At the battle of cannae the romans
 Definition
suffered a devastating defeat by hannibal
Term
the result of the third punic war was
 Definition
the complete destruction and subjugation of carthage
Term
it can be best said that roman imperial expansion was
 Definition
highly oputunistic responding to unanticipated military threats and possibilities for glory
Term
The head of the Roman religious observances was
 Definition
the pontiflex maximus
Term
The goal of roman religion was to maintain trust and harmony with the spirits, a condition known as
 Definition
the peace of the gods
Term
the college of augrus existed to
 Definition
interpret auspices-signs sent to humans by the gods
Term
which of the following statements best applies to Roman schooling
 Definition
education stressed training in greek and mastery of rhetoric, or persuasive public speaking
Term
By the later republic, Roman slaves
 Definition
Often worked on the Roman latifundia
Term
Which of the following statements about marriage best captures the realities for Roman woman by the 1ST century b.c.
 Definition
they remained legally the property of their fathers
Term
In Rome, the male family head, paterfamilias , could
 Definition
sell his children and put his children to death, arrange the marriages of all of his offspring, and divorce his wife.
Term
Which of the following innovations enabled Romans to erect giant amphitheaters, public baths, and high rise tenement buildings
 Definition
concrete
Term
Romans did not readily accept any Greek philosphy except that of
 Definition
stoicism because of its emphasis on virtue and duty
Term
Optimates in the late Roman republic wanted to give more money to the
 Definition
proletariat
Term
Tiberius gracchus ran for tribune in 133 b.c. on a program of
 Definition
providng farms to landless farmers
Term
the reforms of gaius and tiberius gracchus
 Definition
resulted in further instability and violence as they polarized various social groups
Term
the equites
 Definition
were a wealthy and ambitious class of romans who appeared in the late republic
Term
sullas legacy and importance was that he
 Definition
employed his personal army in political disputes, paving the way toward roman civil war.
Term
Among the dangerous military innovations of marious threatining the republic, one finds he
 Definition
recruited destitute volunteers who swore an oath of allegiance only to him
Term
Cierco
 Definition
believed in the concord of others, was a new man of the equestrian order, was a great orator and capable lawyer , and advocated a balanced government of monarchy, aristocracy and democracy
Term
julius Ceaser
 Definition
led military commands into spain and especially gaul that enhanced hi popularity
Term
The first triumvirate was a political alliance between Crassus, Julious Ceaser, and
 Definition
Pompey
Term
By crossing the rubicon, ceaser showed that he
 Definition
was willing to disobey the direct order of the senate
Term
All of the following were results of the Roman civil wars 43-30 B.C.E. except the
 Definition
Second Triumvirate defeat of Pompey at the battle of actium
Term
Which Roman writer is most closely assoisated with the development of a new poetry at the end of the Roman republic.
 Definition
catullus
Term
After imposed retirment from roman politics, Cierco took up writting
 Definition
philosophical treaties
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