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Midterm JCCS
Coach Robs Midterm
254
History
11th Grade
01/07/2013
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Term
Most slaves were first enslaved by other africans and then were sold to european traders. True or False?
 Definition
True
Term
The first global economic system was created by a union of Spain and Portugal under whose rule?
 Definition
Philip II
Term
who was the conquerer of the Inca Empire?
 Definition
Francisco Pizarro
Term
the most devastating factor brought to the americas by the europeans was
 Definition
disease
Term
European explorer who reached the grand canyon was
 Definition
Francisco de coronado
Term
the leading practitioners of human sacrifices in the americas were the
 Definition
Aztecs
Term
Human habitation of the americas began about ______ years ago.
 Definition
1400
Term
as of 1400_____ mariners were the world's best
 Definition
Arab
Term
popular religious leader who was banned from massachusetts in 1638 was
 Definition
anne hutchinson
Term
in the mid sixteenth century the most powerful nation in Europe was ____.
 Definition
Spain
Term
most european christians viewed the indians as
 Definition
subhuman soulless devil worshippers.
Term
the nation that led the way for European expansion into the americas was
 Definition
portugal
Term
colonist recieved 50 acres of land for every person for whom he paid passage to virginia. what was this called?
 Definition
Headright system
Term
the americas were first settled by
 Definition
Asians
Term
the chinese developed the movable typer. True or False?
 Definition
False
Term
christopher columbus was an italian navigator whose four year voyages to the east were financed by the Spanish
 Definition
False
Term
the founder of rhode island was
 Definition
roger williams
Term
the major source of wealth exploited by the spainards in the americas was
 Definition
Silver
Term
the early civilizations of america were basially ________ age cultures.
 Definition
Stone
Term
Conquistadors
 Definition
spanish word for conquerers.
Term
the staple export of south carolina was
 Definition
rice
Term
Before the arrival of the europeans, the Indian societies of americas were ________ cultures.
 Definition
stone age
Term
Beringia
 Definition
Land bridge that connected the americas ti siberia in the last ice age.
Term
john smith is known for helping to stabilixe Jamestown by
 Definition
forcing the colonists to work
Term
were persecuted because they believed that god dwelt within each individual in the form of an inner light.
 Definition
quakers
Term
the lord protector who led england following the beheading of charles I.
 Definition
oliver cromwell
Term
settlers were attracted to pennsylvannia in large numbers becuse of
 Definition
liberal land grants, protection of rights, and religious toleration.
Term
a person could find salvation through faith alone. this is from the
 Definition
Protestant reformation
Term
huguenots
 Definition
french protestants who were calvinists. a very small but influential group.
Term
the man most responsible for the french colonization of north america was
 Definition
Samuel de Champlain
Term
a dutch patroonship is
 Definition
a large estate
Term
by 1645 the primary crop of barbados was
 Definition
sugar
Term
a person's salvation or damnation was predestined by god. this is a _________ principle.
 Definition
Calvinist
Term
englands colonies reacted very_______ to the navigation acts.
 Definition
unfavorably
Term
Glorious revolution
 Definition
revolution were jamesII was removed and William and Mary were put on the throne.
Term
lutherans followed calvinist principles. true or false
 Definition
false
Term
Jamestown saw most of its colonists die. true or false?
 Definition
True
Term
who promoted free trade, religious toleration, and local political control?
 Definition
the dutch republic and its north american colonies.
Term
the navigation acts required that
 Definition
all goods imported into the colonies be carried by english-owned ships.
Term
what was the primary export of jamestown?
 Definition
tobacco
Term
what colony was esablished as a catholic refuge?
 Definition
Maryland
Term
the leader of the Aztecs at the time of their defeat was
 Definition
Moctezuma
Term
MASSACHUSETTS was settled by
 Definition
puritans
Term
samuel de champlain explored the st. lawrence river and founded quebec. true or false?
 Definition
True
Term
the glorious revolution in england led to the elevation of _____ as king.
 Definition
William III
Term
henry hudson sailed for what country?
 Definition
the nethelands
Term
the major reason that western europe engaged in explorations in the fifteenth century
 Definition
to establish colonies
Term
predestination
 Definition
idea that a persons salvation or damnation was predetermined by god
Term
mercantilism says that colonies should develop manufacturing to export products to the mother country. true or false/
 Definition
false
Term
the staple act of 1663 regulated goods
 Definition
going to america
Term
leader of the 1676 virginia rebellion was
 Definition
nathaniel bacon
Term
williams penn's constitution for pennsylvania was called the
 Definition
first frame of government
Term
development of rigorous trade and control of colonial commerce were esseential for national power. this is
 Definition
the theory of mercantilism
Term
jamestown was established and settled by
 Definition
the virginia company
Term
a rebllious virginia planter who murdered peaceful indians and burned jamestown.
 Definition
Nathaniel Bacon
Term
tas a result of the withcraft trials in salem,___________________________.
 Definition
twenty people were killed by either hanging or crushing.
Term
how did the salem witch trials end?
 Definition
the governers wife was accused of witchcraft.
Term
by mid-1700s most colonies were what kind of colonies?
 Definition
royal with appointed governors and elected assemblies
Term
the pueblo revolt in spanish new mexico
 Definition
was more succesful than any other indian rebellion in amreican history
Term
colonists viewed military service as
 Definition
a temporary, voluntary experience
Term
Iriquois League
 Definition
a league of 5 native american tribes.
Term
in the british colonies life expectancy was longest in
 Definition
new england
Term
in the salem witch trials
 Definition
no one who confessed guilt was hanged
Term
after the glorious revolution, colonists assumed that thier governments would be
 Definition
represenntative governments
Term
middle ground
 Definition
area between the french and indian tribes. no country reigned soveriegn in this region.
Term
most populat revivalist of the great awakaning was
 Definition
George whitefield
Term
the great awakening refers to
 Definition
a massive religious revival
Term
cotton was a major cash crop in the early 1700s. true or false?
 Definition
false
Term
by 1750 the richest men in british north america were
 Definition
south carolina rice planters
Term
benjamin franklins profession was as a
 Definition
printer
Term
the largest slave revolt in the history of the thriteen colonies was
 Definition
the stone rebellion
Term
until independence the printing capital of nort america was
 Definition
boston
Term
immigrants saw ___ as their favored destination because the regions expanding economies offered many oppurtunities.
 Definition
mid-atlantic states
Term
the albany congrss refers to
 Definition
the attempt to unite the british colonies into a federation
Term
the region of least economic growth during the eighteenth century was
 Definition
New England
Term
indigo
 Definition
blue dye obtained from plants used in textile factories
Term
dower rights
 Definition
the rightt of a widow to get a piece usually a third of husbands land.
Term
the pricipal reform envisioned by the townshend revenue act was
 Definition
to establish the power of the king to tax.
Term
the greatest revenues to come in from the sugar act were expected to be from the tax on
 Definition
molasses
Term
the first continental congress met in
 Definition
philadelphia
Term
the declatory act
 Definition
asserted parliaments absolute right to legislate for the colonies.
Term
george washington was named commander in chief mainly because
 Definition
he was from the south
Term
the religious group in north america that led the attack on slavery were the
 Definition
quakers
Term
the proclamation of 1763
 Definition
prohibited american settlements west of the appalachian mountains
Term
the goal of the british troops sent to lexington and concord in april 1775 was
 Definition
to arrest samuel adams, demenstrate the authority to use against the delinwuents, destroy military equipment, and arrest john hancock.
Term
the tea act
 Definition
attempted to save the british east india company from financial disaster
Term
the colonial response to the coercive acts was the calling of
 Definition
the first continental congress
Term
the main argument of thomas paines common sense
 Definition
denounced the monarchy as a degenerate institution
Term
colonial assemblies set up committies of correspondence to
 Definition
coordinate intercolnial communication and organize efforts to defend american liberties.
Term
in 1770, british parliament repealed each of the townshend duties except for the one on
 Definition
tea
Term
the decleration of independence was primarily written by
 Definition
thomas jefferson
Term
the sons of liberty was
 Definition
a group of colonists that organized violent protests against english tax laws
Term
the group most responsible for overt resistance to acts of parliament were the
 Definition
sons of liberty
Term
the reason most americans took up arms in 1775 was to
 Definition
avoid paying taxes
Term
the only colony not to send a delegation to the first continental congress was
 Definition
georgia
Term
the english responded to colonial complaints against taxation without representation by asserting that
 Definition
each member of parliament virtually represented all the citizens of the empire.
Term
those who remained loyal to the british crown made up about ___ of the white population in north america.
 Definition
one sixth
Term
washingtons victory at ____ over the hessians on christmas night was a dramatic morale booster to the american cause
 Definition
trenton
Term
the most important outcome of the battle of saratoga was that
 Definition
the french entered the war on the side of the colonies
Term
loyalist forces in the south were under the command of
 Definition
Banastre Tarleton
Term
the final major battle in the revolutionary war was fought at
 Definition
yorktown
Term
the peace treaty ending the war between britain and america was the treaty of
 Definition
paris
Term
the church that suffered the most from the revolutionary war was the
 Definition
anglican church
Term
the first state to end the institution of slavery through gradual abolition laws was
 Definition
pennsylvannia
Term
spain chose to enter the war for independence because it
 Definition
hoped to retake gibraltar and florida
Term
the idea of the republican mother argued that women were
 Definition
the true educators for their children
Term
the state governments set up during the revolution reflected the american belief in the
 Definition
necessity for a written constitution to define citizens' right and to limit the governments power
Term
the central government under the articles of confederation raised money by
 Definition
requisitioning funds and printing currency
Term
the articles of confederation
 Definition
created a central government that wwas weaker than individual states
Term
in the peace treaty that ended the american revolution
 Definition
the mississipi ricer eas recognized as the western boundary of the united states
Term
in the virginia plan james madison proposed
 Definition
a two house legislature with representation based on population
Term
the connecticut compromise of the constitution
 Definition
established proportional representation in one house and state equality in the other
Term
the constitution of 1787 provided that the president and vice president would be
 Definition
chosen by an electoral college
Term
in his efforts to persuade the french to ally with the americans benjamin frankin
 Definition
lived in france for a time
Term
the man most responsible for the establishment of the system of government finance was
 Definition
alexander hamilton
Term
the new governments chief source of income was to be
 Definition
a tariff on imports
Term
the XYZ affair
 Definition
saw french officials demand a bribe in return for improving relations with the U.S.
Term
the louisiana territory was purchased from
 Definition
france
Term
the lewis and clark expedition was partly guided by the indian
 Definition
sacajawea
Term
the louisiana purchase
 Definition
was prompted by an impending war between england and france and by a slave rebellion in haiti
Term
the congressional group that forcefully advocated war with great britain in 1812 was known as the
 Definition
war hawks
Term
the hero of the battle of new orleans was
 Definition
andrew jackson
Term
in alexander hamiltons report on _____, the treasury secretary urged congress to assume state debts and combine them with the governments foreign debt.
 Definition
national debt
Term
the first amendment guaranteed
 Definition
freedom of speech, press, and religion
Term
the purpose of the excise tax on whiskey was to
 Definition
establish the federal governments right to pass and collect internal taxes
Term
the embargo act cut off us shipping with
 Definition
foreign countries
Term
the judiciary act of 1789
 Definition
established a six member supreme court and set up the federal district and circuit court system
Term
the first contested presidential election was in
 Definition
1796
Term
onw of the most peculiar aspects of the battle of new orleans was that
 Definition
it occurred after the war ended
Term
the indeclared naval war between france and the us was focused in the
 Definition
carribean
Term
in pinckney's treaty, the spanish
 Definition
gave the us free navigation of the mississippi river
Term
the pricipal author of the bill of rights was
 Definition
james madison
Term
citizen edmond genet caused trouble during washingtons presidency by
 Definition
sending privateers to attack english ships and threatening to attack spanish new orleans
Term
farm labor in post revolutionary america saw
 Definition
work carefully by sex
Term
the young single women who worked under the waltham system
 Definition
saved some money for dowries and spent some on clothers and books
Term
in early american rural neighborhoods
 Definition
few farmers were self sufficient
Term
thomas jefferson saw the ideal american society as one whose economy was dominated by
 Definition
rural farmers
Term
the federal census of 1790 found that more than ___ of americans lived in rural areas.
 Definition
90
Term
by 1818 the national road
 Definition
ran from washington d.c. to atlanta
Term
in 1815 the largest american city was
 Definition
new york city
Term
easterners described frontiersmen as
 Definition
violent drunken filthy white savages
Term
after 1790 the responsibilities for running american farm households
 Definition
fell more exclusively on women
Term
during the early republic indians living on western lands
 Definition
were constantly pushed further west
Term
the national drink of the early republic was
 Definition
whiskey
Term
the national road linked
 Definition
the potomac river with the ohio river
Term
the waltham or lowell system of textile manufacturing prmarily employed
 Definition
young women
Term
the erie canal
 Definition
opened the interior of new york and transformed the frontier into a prosperous commercial area
Term
the first power driven spinning mill in the us was built by ___ in pawtucket, rhode island.
 Definition
samuel slater
Term
the factory villages where entire families labored for mill owners in the process of cloth production was known as the
 Definition
rhode island system
Term
commercial agriculture in the northwest was first made feasible by the
 Definition
steamboat
Term
the inventor of the cotton gin was
 Definition
eli whitney
Term
among white southern males
 Definition
one's reputation and honor was paramount
Term
in slave christianity the liberator was
 Definition
moses
Term
southern slaves
 Definition
created their own culture which included religious piety and african style songs and folk magic
Term
in 1860 the value of southern slaves exceeded the investments in
 Definition
railroads banking manufacturing
Term
between 1790 and 1850 the southern planters became more dependent on
 Definition
britain
Term
in 1789 a major slave revolt was carried out in
 Definition
Haiti
Term
the large slave rebellion that beganin southampton virginia in 1831 under the leadership of a baptist lay minister was known as the
 Definition
nat turner revolt
Term
the leader of the aborted slave rebellion in south carolina in 1822 was
 Definition
Denmark Vesey
Term
in 1860 the southern slave popluation was collectively worth
 Definition
3 billion
Term
the denmark vesey slave revolt failed when
 Definition
vesey was sold by his master
Term
for the most part owners____slave marriages
 Definition
encouraged
Term
undeer the task system of slavery
 Definition
slaves were assigned daily specefic work to be done
Term
the whipping of slaves was
 Definition
a common form of punishment
Term
antebellum southern society placed its greatest importance on
 Definition
honoring obligations
Term
the primary crop of the low country was
 Definition
rice
Term
in 1790 chesapeke planters saw falling prices for
 Definition
tobacco
Term
with the rise of middle class culture child rearing practices changed in that
 Definition
children recieved more attention from their mothers
Term
nineteenth century minstrel shows
 Definition
were traveling productions in which white men in black face imitated african american songs and dances
Term
the religious leader who believed that the earth would be destroyed in 1844 was
 Definition
williams miller
Term
the founder of mormonism born in upstate new york in the early nineteenth century was
 Definition
joseph smith
Term
between 1790 and 1820 voting rights
 Definition
became easier and greatly expanded for white men
Term
during the early nineteenth century the birthrate among northern middle class mothers
 Definition
decreased
Term
the author of uncle toms cabin
 Definition
nathaniel hawthorne
Term
the popular literature of the 1830s was
 Definition
primarily written by women for women
Term
prostestant postmillennialists
 Definition
believed there would be a thousand years of perfect social order followed by the return of christ.
Term
when working class american audiences found theater productions too sophisticated for their tastes
 Definition
they resorted to mob violence
Term
during the early nineteenth century the social distinctions based on gender
 Definition
increased
Term
after 1830 there was a concerted effort by whites toward slaves to
 Definition
christianize them
Term
in 1830 most of the responsibility of child rearing fell on who
 Definition
mothers
Term
the most popular form of theater among nineteenth century americans was
 Definition
minstrel shows
Term
the most successful sects in the early nineteenth century were the
 Definition
baptist and lutherans
Term
circuit riding preachers
 Definition
saddle bag preachers
Term
which political party was most supportive of gobernment involvement in the market developments of the period from 1820 to 1840?
 Definition
whigs
Term
many catholic parents refused to send their children to public school because
 Definition
students were forced to recite protestant prayers and read the protestant bible.
Term
the abolitionists of the 1830s
 Definition
were an active and influential minorrity within the reform movements of the era
Term
on the issue of race the democratic party of the 1840s
 Definition
considered blacks to be unfit citizens
Term
before the 1830s organized opposition to slavery was mostly limited to
 Definition
american colonization society
Term
the american colonization societys opposition to slavery can be best described as
 Definition
half hearted
Term
congressional caucus
 Definition
group of congressman that select the candidates for presidency
Term
the most prominent abolitionist in antebellum united states was
 Definition
william lloyd garrison
Term
most women became advocates of womens rights through
 Definition
temperance
Term
the first womens rights convention was held in
 Definition
seneca falls
Term
the group most likely to be denied political power in the northeast was the
 Definition
african americans
Term
the new york magdalen society
 Definition
set up missions to save and reform prostitutes
Term
in general the wealthies men in cities were
 Definition
whigs
Term
the most overwhelmingly democratic group in the country were
 Definition
immigrant irish catholics
Term
the new york magdalen society sought to eliminate
 Definition
prostitution
Term
in the south wealthy planters tended to vote for the _____ party
 Definition
whig
Term
the whig party believed that government
 Definition
was an agency of moral reform
Term
beer was introduced into america by the
 Definition
Germans
Term
the winner of the crowded presidential election of 1824 was
 Definition
john quincy adams
Term
the primary defender of the right of nullification was
 Definition
john c calhoun
Term
the political party that emerged in the 1830s to oppose andrew jackson was the ____ party
 Definition
whig
Term
what did andrew jackson hate most about the government?
 Definition
the second bank of the united states
Term
the issue that led to the final and comlete break between andrew jackson and john c calhoun was
 Definition
the peggy eaton affair
Term
the indian removal of act of 1830 stated that native americans
 Definition
neeeded to be removed to west of the mississippi river
Term
the corrupt bargain of 1824 referss to the deal made between which two statesmen?
 Definition
john quincy adams and henry clay
Term
the gag rule refers to the congressional attempt to avoid discussing which issue?
 Definition
slavery
Term
andrew jacksons popularity was
 Definition
based on his image as a forceful and exciting military hero
Term
the democratic party
 Definition
supported both agrarian democratic priciples and the continuation of southern slavery
Term
the force bill refers to andrew jacksons attempt to
 Definition
prevent south carolina from nullifying the tariff
Term
the monroe doctrine stated that
 Definition
the united states was opposed to any further european attempt at colonization in the americas
Term
the winner of the popular vote in the election of 1824 though not the victor in the election was
 Definition
andrew jackson
Term
the phrase the spoils sustem referred to
 Definition
andrew jacksons use of presidential appointive powers to reward his supporters with government jobs.
Term
common schools
 Definition
schools funded by the sates by taxes from the people
Term
the author of uncle toms cabin was
 Definition
natahaniel hawthorne
Term
popular sovereignty was the belief that
 Definition
settlers to a territory should decide for themselves whether or not to permit slavery
Term
californias population increased dramatically in the late 1840s due to the
 Definition
discovery of gold
Term
the religious prophet and founder of the mormons was
 Definition
joseph smith
Term
the mexican war was least popular in which region
 Definition
new england
Term
the term oregon fever refers to
 Definition
the mass migration of thousands of farm families to the northeast
Term
the central theme of uncle toms cabin is
 Definition
the tragedy of the breakups of families by slavery
Term
the term manifest destiny refers to the belief that
 Definition
providence had destined the american continent to be dominated by the united states
Term
women n the migration westward
 Definition
fulfilled the same roles as homemakers and care givers as they did in the east
Term
in the mexican war
 Definition
the united states won every battle due to its superior leadership and weapons
Term
relations between the mormon settlement in utah and the us government became strained when
 Definition
the settlement authorized polygamy
Term
the four time invader of central america and the self proclaimed president of nicaragua was
 Definition
william walker
Term
american settlers who migrated to texas defied mexican law by
 Definition
bringing slaves
Term
in the election of 1844 james k polk
 Definition
promised to aqcuire texas and mexico
Term
the one issue in the compromise of 1850 that clearly favored the south was
 Definition
the fugitive slave act
Term
opponents of the mexican war
 Definition
claimed the war was just a pllot to expand slavery into new territories
Term
abolitionist
 Definition
person who wanted slavery to be abolished
Term
conscience whigs
 Definition
anti slavery whigs
Term
the violence in bleeding kansas involved clashes between
 Definition
proslavery and antislavery groups
Term
most northerners left te know nothings and became republicans because of
 Definition
the slavery issue
Term
the destruction of the whig party led to the formation of the
 Definition
republican party
Term
the central issue in the lincoln douglas debates of 1858 was
 Definition
slavery
Term
which political party endorsed the ideas of free labor
 Definition
republican party
Term
the final act that destroyed the whigs as a national political party was the
 Definition
passage of the kansas-nebraska
Term
the dred scott decision of the us supreme court involved a slave who
 Definition
was suing for his freedom because his master had taken him into a free territory
Term
one feature of industry pioneered by the united staes was
 Definition
mass production of interchangeable parts
Term
one of the problems of the southern economy on the eve of the civil war was
 Definition
a lack of diversification
Term
most immigrants in the 1840 and 1850s were
 Definition
irish, catholic, and unskilled laborers
Term
the major issue for the know nothing party was
 Definition
nativism
Term
most former northern members of the american party became
 Definition
republicans
Term
by 1855 cotton provided more than ______ of total us exports
 Definition
one half
Term
the subject of charles sumners speech that led to his beating on the floor of congress was
 Definition
bleeding kansas
Term
organization of the nebraska territory was neccessary in order to
 Definition
build a railroad across the area
Term
at the core of tree lavor ideology was the belief that
 Definition
social mobility awaited those industrious laborers who worked hard and efficiently
Term
the winner of the 1856 presidential election was
 Definition
James Buchanan
Term
the result of john browns raid on harpers ferry was
 Definition
outrage and fear throughout the south
Term
the great enemy of a free labor society was
 Definition
slavery
Term
interchangeable parts
 Definition
parts that can be put together to form a whole system like a gun.
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