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Midterm EDHS 3001
Posterior: Muscles, Bones, Nerves, and Vasculature
117
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/17/2013

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Term
Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle
Definition
Origin: lateral calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: fifth toe's phalange
Function: flexion and abduction of fifth toe
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve [branch of the tibial nerve]
Term
Abductor Hallucis Muscle
Definition
Origin: medial calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: medial base of big toe's phalange [tendon merges with that of the flexor hallucis brevis]
Function: abduct the big toe
Innervation: medial plantar nerve [branch of the tibial nerve]
Term
Acetabulum
Definition
Location: on the pelvic girdle, inferior to the ilium and superior to the ischium.
Function: concave articular surface where the head of the femur fits to make the hip joint.
Term
Achille's Tendon
Definition
Attachment: posterior calcaneus [and up mid-calf]
Function: attachment point for the plantaris, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles.
Term
Acromion Process
Definition
Location: bony process jutting out laterally from the scapular spine and hangs over the shoulder joint [forms glenoid cavity].
Function: ?????????????????????????????????????
Term
Adductor Hallucis Muscle
Definition
Origin: proximal end of the middle 3 metatarsals
Insertion: lateral side of the big toe's phalange
Function: adducting the big toe
Innervation: lateral plantar nerve
Note: this is the one with a transverse and an oblique!
Term
Adductor Magnus Muscle
Definition
Origin: pubis, ischium tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of the femur
Function: adduction, flexion, and extension of the hip
Innervation: posterior branch of the obturator nerve and tibial nerve.
BIDN: big ass muscle next to the gracilis is composed of three parts; the magnus is the biggest and closest to the gracilis. it's UNDER the adductor longus.
Term
Adductor Minimums Muscle
Definition
Origin: inferior ramus of the pubis, and the pelvis.
Insertion: linea aspera of the femur
Function: adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh
Innervation: obturator and tibial nerve
BIDN: small, flat, and damn close to ya crotch.
Term
Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
Definition
Abbreviated as AIIS.
Bony protuberance on the anterior inferior border of the ilium.
Function: serves as a point of attachment for the rectus femoris
BIDN: second bump on the hip, right above the acetabulum
Term
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
Definition
Abbreviated as ASIS
Bony protuberance on the anterior superior border of the ilium.
Function: serves as a point of attachment for the inguinal ligament and the sartorius muscle.
Note: this is an important surface anatomy landmark- it's what you feel from the outside
BIDN: first bump on the hip under the crest.
Term
Anterior talofibular ligament
Definition
Origin: fibular malleolus
Insertion: talus bone
Function: prevents the foot from sliding forward from the shin
Term
Arachnoid Mater
Definition
Location: lines the brain, but doesn't go down into sulci. Is superficial to the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). Goes all the way down to S2.
Function: contains arachnoid vili that go through the dura mater, allowing the CSF to exit the subarachnoid space and enter the blood stream
Term
Atlas
Definition
Location: cervical vertebrae #1
Function: forms the joint connecting the skull and the spine. Allows head to nod and rotate.
Special features: has no body, just a veterbral foramen and a hole for the dens [name?] and two transverse processes.
Term
Axis
Definition
Location: cervical vertebrae #2, under the atlas.
Function: articulates with the atlas. allows head to nod and rotate.
Special features: has a dens, a bony protuberance that rises superior to the bone and into the atlas, and has a very small body
Term
Biceps Brachii Muscle (long head)
Definition
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle [superior most tubercle on the glenoid cavity, under the acromion and behind the coracoid process]
Insertion: radial tuberosity on medial part of forearm
Function: flexes elbow and supinates forearm
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve [C5-C6]:
Term
Biceps Femoris Muscle
Definition
Origin: ischium tuberosity, linea aspera, femur.
Insertion: head of the fibula [which articulates with the posterior lateral tibial condyle]
Function: flexes knee joint, laterally rotates knee joint (when flexed), extends hip joint)
Innervation: tibial and common fibular nerve
Note: There are two parts to this muscle, a long and a short head.
Term
Calcaneofibular ligament
Definition
Origin: lateral fibular malleolus [bony protuberance on outside of ankle]
Insertion: lateral calcaneus
Function: -----------------------?
Term
Cauda Equina
Definition
What: bundle of spinal nerves and spinal nerve foots of L2-L5 and S1-S5 + coccygeal nerve.
Location: Exits at the 5th lumbar vertebrae
Function: innervates pelvic organs and lower limbs (including motor innervation of hips, knees, ankles, feet,and anal sphincters).
Term
Cervical Vertebrae
Definition
What: superior most 7 vertebrae of the spine.

-----Add more after the midterm-----
Term
Clavicle
Definition
Location: anterior aspect of the body, connecting laterally to the acromion of the scapula and medially to the sternum.
Function: Serves as an attachment to the deltoid, trapezius, subclavius, pectoralis major, sternocleidomastoid and sternohyoid muscles (and several ligaments)
Note: horizontal long bone in the body. Shaped like a stretched out 'S'.
Term
Coccyx
Definition
Term
Common Peroneal Nerve
Definition
Term
Conus Medullaris
Definition
What: tapered, lower end of the spinal cord
Location: lumbar vertebrae 1 and 2.
Note: turns into the cauda equina.
Term
Deep Peroneal Nerve
Definition
Term
Deltoid Ligament
Definition
Term
Deltoid Muscle
Definition
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
Term
Femoral Head
Definition
Term
Femoral Neck
Definition
Term
Femur
Definition
Term
Fibula
Definition
Term
Filum Terminale
Definition
Term
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle
Definition
Origin: medial calcaneal tuberosity
Insertion: phalanges of toes 2-5
Function: flexes the lateral four toes
Innervation: Medial plantar nerve
Extra: Right above the plantar aponeurosis (if person is standing up)

Layman's terms: from the bottom of the heel to the phalanges of the four little toes.
Term
Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle
Definition
Origin: posterior tibia, below the popliteal line.
Insertion: plantar surface at the phalanges of the four little toes.
Extra: passes below the flexor hallucis longus and the quadratus plantar. technically a muscle of the leg- the tendon goes into the foot.
Term
Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle
Definition
Origin: cuboid bone and third cuneiform
Insertion: sesmoid bones of the big toe
Function: flex the big toe
Innervation: medial plantar neve
Break it down now: midfoot to big toe
Term
Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle
Definition
Origin: fibula
Insertion: phalange of the big toe
Function: flexes the big toe
Innervation: tibial nerve
Break it down now: it goes down the tender part of the inside of your foot
Term
Gastrocnemius Muscle
Definition
Term
Glenoid Fossa
Definition
What/Where: cavity between the scapula and the head of the humerus
Deets: humerus is held it by the long head of the bicep tendon and the rotator cuff muscles.
Term
Gluteus Maximus Muscle
Definition
Term
Gluteus Medius Muscle
Definition
Term
Gluteus Minimums Muscle
Definition
Term
Gracillis Muscle
Definition
Origin: ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: tibia, right above the semitendinitus
Function: adducts, medially rotates, and flexes the hip.
Innervation: obturator nerve
BIDN: that muscle on the medial most part of the thigh, right outside of the adductor magnus, longus, and brevis (in order of closest to farthest)
Term
Greater Trochanter (femur)
Definition
Term
Greater Tubercle (humerus)
Definition
Term
Humerus
Definition
Term
Iliac Crest
Definition
Term
Iliocostalis Cervicis Muscle
Definition
Superior to the iliocostalis muscle.
attaches at ribs 3-6 and inserts into the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C4-C6.
Term
Iliocostalis Muscle
Definition
Term
Iliotibial Band (IT Band)
Definition
Term
Ilium
Definition
Term
Inferior Angle of the Scapula
Definition
Term
Inferior Gemellus Muscle
Definition
Term
Inferior Gluteal Nerve
Definition
Term
Infraspinatus Fossa
Definition
Term
Infraspinatus Muscle
Definition
Term
Ischial Tuberosity
Definition
Term
Ischium
Definition
Term
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle
Definition
Term
Lesser Trochanter (femur)
Definition
Term
Levator Scapulae Muscle
Definition
Term
Linea Aspera
Definition
Term
Longissimus Capitus Muscle
Definition
Term
Longissimus Cervicis Muscle
Definition
Term
Longissimus Muscle
Definition
Term
Lumbar Vertebrae
Definition
Term
Multifidus Muscle
Definition
Term
Oberator Internus Muscle
Definition
Term
Peroneus Brevis Muscle
Definition
Term
Peroneus Longus Muscle
Definition
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
Term
Piriformis Muscle
Definition
Term
Plantar Aponeurosis
Definition
Term
Plantaris Muscle
Definition
Term
Popliteus Muscle
Definition
Term
Posterior Inferior iliac Spine
Definition
Term
Posterior Superior iliac Spine
Definition
Term
Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament
Definition
Term
Pubic Symphisis
Definition
Term
Pubis
Definition
Term
Quadratus Femoris Muscle
Definition
Term
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
Definition
Term
Quadratus Plantae Muscle
Definition
Term
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Muscle
Definition
Term
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Muscle
Definition
Term
Rhomboid Major Muscle
Definition
Term
Rhomboid Minor Muscle
Definition
Term
Sacrum
Definition
Term
Scapula
Definition
Term
Sciatic Nerve
Definition
Term
Semimembranosis Muscle
Definition
Term
Semispinalis Capitis Muscle
Definition
Term
Semitendinosis Muscle
Definition
Term
Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle
Definition
Term
Soleus Muscle
Definition
Term
Spinal Cord
Definition
Term
Spinalis Cervicis
Definition
Term
Spinalis Muscle
Definition
Term
Spine of the Scapula
Definition
Term
Spinous Process of the Vertibrae
Definition
Term
Splenius Capitits Muscle
Definition
Term
Subscapularis Muscle
Definition
Term
Superficial Peroneal Nerve
Definition
Term
Superior Gemellus Muscle
Definition
Term
Superior gluteal Nerve
Definition
Term
Superior Oblique Muscle
Definition
Term
Supraspinatus Fossa
Definition
Term
Supraspinatus Muscle
Definition
Term
Tensor Fasciae Latea
Definition
Term
Teres major Muscle
Definition
Term
Teres Minor Muscle
Definition
Term
Thoracic Vertibrae
Definition
Term
Tibia
Definition
Term
Tibial Nerve
Definition
Term
Tibialis Posterior Muscle
Definition
Term
Transverse Process of Vertibrae
Definition
Term
Trapezius Muscle
Definition
Term
Triceps Brachii Muscle
Definition
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