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Midterm 1
Note set for HPHY 632 Midterm 1
26
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
10/17/2013

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is a nociceptor?
Definition
Pain receptors (FNE) that detect mechanical, thermal, and chemical changes above a certain threshold
Term
What is nociceptive pain?
Definition
direct activation of nocireceptors in skin or soft tissue due to tissue injury or inflammation
Term
What is neuropathic pain?
Definition
results from direct injury to nerves in PNS and CNS
Term
Pricking, burning, aching, stinging, and soreness are all examples of what kind of pain?
Definition
Nociceptive
Term
What is reflexive sympathetic dystrophy?
Definition

Rare disorder of sympathetic nervous system characterized by chronic, severe pain, inflammation, and edema

 

Also a neuropathic disorder

Term
Examples of Neuropathic Pain
Definition

Burning/Electrical

RSD

Phantom Limb

Shingles

Disc hernation (spinal root damage)

Term
Sensory component of pain
Definition
analysis of noxious stimuli with regards to its location and intensity
Term
Affective component of pain
Definition
analysis of noxious stimuli with regards to its relationship to emotional responses, goals, desires, and individual expectations.
Term
Cognitive component of pain
Definition
analysis of noxious stimuli as it pertains to past experiences, comparing the pain to a previous injury and how that injury might prevent future actions or possibilities
Term
Pain threshold
Definition

level at which pain nerves will fire due to stimulation/activation

 

(The point that it begins to hurt)

Term
Pain tolerance
Definition

Percieved intensityof pain point at which the person acts to stop the pain

 

Pain is variable and consistent from person to person!

 

(ie, athelete does not detect injury until end of game)

Term
Thermal nociceptors are activated at what temperatures?
Definition

> 45 C (113 F)

<5 C (41 F)

Term
Mechanical nociceptors
Definition
activated by pressure applied to skin
Term
Polymodial Receptors
Definition
activated by intense mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimuli
Term
What is the theory in which nociceptors detect action potentials?
Definition
nociceptor membrane contains proteins that convert TMC energy of noxious stimulus to depolarizing AP
Term
Capsaicin (topical ointment, chili peppers, pepper spray)
Definition

Binds to pain and/or heat sensing neurons

 

TRPV1 protein --> Ca2+ channels below 37 C (body temp) --> sensation of heat

Term
Counter irritants
Definition
Decreases perception of pain (topical ointments)
Term
First order neurons of nociception
Definition

A-Delta

C Fibers

A-Beta II


Term
A-Delta Receptors (A&P)
Definition

Thermal and mechanical

small diameter, thinly myelinated

CR: 5-30 m/s

 

Term
A-Delta receptors (sensations)
Definition

first pain

FAST

pulling away

sharp pain

stabbing

prickling

short duration

MECHANICAL STIMULUS

 

Term
C Fibers (A&P)
Definition

Polymodal receptors (thermal >114F, <10, MC)

 

Small diameter, unmyelinated

 

CR: 0.5-2 m/s

Term
C fibers (sensations)
Definition

Second pain

SLOW

dull

aching

unpleasant

persistent

long duration

detect heat/chemical stimuli

Term

Alpha-Beta II Receptors (A&P)

NOT a nociceptor!

non-noxious

Definition

Mechanoreceptor: pressure sensitivity (SKIN)

 

Large diameter

 

Myelinated

 

 

Term
Order in which mechano/noci- receptors are fired
Definition

From low to high intensity:

1.) A-Beta II(touch)

2.) A-Delta (sharp pain)

3.) C (dull pain)

 

Intensity of stimulus will determine which neurons are fired

 

Term
Substance P (diagram)
Definition
[image]
Term
Substance P (physiology)
Definition

from C fibers (help transmit info to SC and brain)

assoc. with inflammation process and intense, persistent, chronic pain

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