Term
|
Definition
| Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies |
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Term
| What does "prion" allegedly stand for? |
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Definition
| Proteinaceous infectious agent |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lag phase, exponential growth, stationary phase, decline phase |
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Term
| Other names for the exponential growth phase |
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Definition
| Log, generation time, doubling time |
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Term
| pH requirements of most clinically significant bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Temperature requirements of clinically significant bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does agar come from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does gelatin come from? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is Mueller-Hinton media used for? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is thioglycolate broth used for? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 4 types of Blood Agar hemolysis |
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Definition
| Beta, Alpha, Gamma, Delta |
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Term
| Morphology of blood agar with beta hemolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Morphology of blood agar with alpha hemolysis |
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Definition
| Partial hemolysis or "greening" of agar |
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|
Term
| Morphology of blood agar with gamma hemolysis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Morphology of blood agar with delta hemolysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of selective/differential media |
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Definition
MacConkey (selects for G-)
Simmons Citrate (diffs bacterial that uses citrate) |
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Term
| How does MacConkey media work? |
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Definition
| Crystal violet suppresses gram positive |
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Term
| What does the Simmons Citrate test do, and how is the test read? |
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Definition
| Differentiates between bacteria that do and do not use citrate. Starts green, turns blue if positive. |
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Term
| What is brain-heart infusion broth used for? |
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Definition
| Blood culture (septicemia) |
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Term
| What happens to brain-heart infusion broth if Strep. bacteria is present? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which bacteria causes black leg in livestock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three locations for spores to form? Give an example of a disease with each appearance. |
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Definition
Central (anthrax)
Subterminal (black leg)
Terminal (tetanus) |
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|
Term
| What is a suprainfection? |
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Definition
| A secondary infection caused by an opportunistic pathogen |
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|
Term
| Which bacteria would you not gram stain for? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Helps determine predominate organism in a mixed specimen (e.g. fecal smear)
Helps select appropriate anti-bacterial drugs |
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Term
| What does a pink background indicate on a gram stained slide? |
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Definition
| Excessive proteinaceous material |
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|
Term
| Under gram stain, what color should epithelial cells be? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Under gram stain, what color should WBCs be? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you look for in a gram stained fecal smear? |
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Definition
| Proportion of G+ to G- bacteria. Should be mostly G+ |
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|
Term
| Which test should be done for "gram variable" bacteria? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to a KOH test of G- bacteria? |
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Definition
| Turns boogery ("mucoid, strand-like") |
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|
Term
| What happens to a KOH test of G+ bacteria? |
|
Definition
| Mixture remains homogenous |
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|
Term
| Why would you stain a slide with Lactophenol blue? |
|
Definition
| To confirm and identify fungi |
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|
Term
| How does lactophenol blue work? |
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Definition
| Phenol kills organisms, lactic acid preserves fungal structures, and cotton blue stains the chitin in the fungal cell walls |
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Term
| What do fungal hyphae indicate? |
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Definition
| Vegetative state bacteria |
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|
Term
| In which species are we most concerned about aspergillus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of yeast is most commonly found in the ears? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of yeast is most commonly found in mucous membranes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a positive DTM look like? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the colloquial name of blastomycoses? When is it likely to show up? |
|
Definition
Chicago disease
Wet grass in the spring |
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|
Term
| Where would you find histoplasma? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you use Acid Fast stain for? |
|
Definition
| Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Cryptosporidium (in reptiles) |
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|
Term
| What do you use Giemsa stain for? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you use Malachite Green for? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you use fluorescent stain for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria groups are catalase tests peformed on? |
|
Definition
| Gram positive cocci, a few gram positive bacilli |
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|
Term
| Which genus are Catalase+? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which genus are Catalase-? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria groups are coagulase tests used on? |
|
Definition
| Catalase-positive, gram-positive cocci |
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|
Term
| Which genus is coagulase+? What does the result look like? |
|
Definition
| Pathogenic Staph. aureus, fibrin clot |
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|
Term
| Which genus is coagulase-? What does the result look like? |
|
Definition
| Staph. epidermis, stays liquid |
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|
Term
| Which bacteria groups are oxidase tests used on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which genus is Oxidase+? What indicates +? |
|
Definition
| Pseudomonas (and others), test turns red |
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|
Term
| Which genus are Oxidase-? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a SIM test used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a TSI test used for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cAMP test used for? |
|
Definition
| Strep. Hemolyses red cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Staphylococcus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram positive
Can be single, diploid, chains
Commensal gut bacteria, opportunistic pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gram positive
Usually grapelike clusters
Commensal skin/MM bacteria, opportunistic pathogen. Many abx resistant strains |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Moraxella cause? |
|
Definition
| Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| Gram positive bacilli (8) |
|
Definition
Bacillus anthracis
Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Actinomyces
Nocardia
Erysipelothrix
Lactobacillus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Corynebacterium cause? |
|
Definition
| Mastitis, ulcerative lymphangitis |
|
|
Term
| What does Listeria cause? |
|
Definition
| Abortions and encephalitis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anaerobic
Filamentous
Causes lumpy jaw |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Partial acid fast
Aerobic
Filamentous
Intracellular
30+ dz species |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Most common in pigs - causes septicemia, "diamond skin pattern" in acute cases
Has high mortality. Zoonotic. |
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|
Term
Gram negative aerobic bacilli (5)
Associated diseases |
|
Definition
Pseudomonas - pneumonia
Brucella - brucellosis
Bordetella - kennel cough
Francisella - tularemia
Neisseria - gonorrhea |
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|
Term
Gram negative facultative bacilli (12)
Associated diseases |
|
Definition
Echerichia - NF, E. coli, UTIs
Shigella - dysentery
Salmonella
Klebsiella - NF, pneumonia
Enterobacter - NF
Citrobacter
Yersinia - plague
Proteus - UTI
Aeromonas - Aquatic
Actinobacillus - Lg. animal
Haemophilus - oral commensal
Pasteurella - rabbits |
|
|
Term
| Gram negative anaerobic bacilli (1) |
|
Definition
| Bacteroides (NF, increasingly Abx resistant) |
|
|
Term
| Gram negative pleomorphic bacteria (5) and associated dz |
|
Definition
Rickettsia (RMSF)
Anaplasma
Mycoplasma (rodent resp.)
Haemobartonella (aka Mycoplasma)
Chlamydia |
|
|
Term
| Spirochetes (3) and associated dz |
|
Definition
Leptospira
Treponema - Syphilis
Borrelia - Lyme |
|
|
Term
| Spiral/curved bacteria (2) |
|
Definition
Campylobacter (GI disease)
Helicobacter (ulcers) |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Bacillus anthracis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Clostridium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Corynebacterium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Listeria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Actinomyces? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Nocardia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Erysipelothrix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Lactobacillus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Pseudomonas? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative aerobic bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Brucella? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative aerobic bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Bordetella? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative aerobic bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Francisella? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative aerobic bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Neisseria? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative aerobic bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Bacteroides? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative anaerobic bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Escherichia? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Shigella? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Salmonella? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Klebsiella? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Enterobacter? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Citrobacter? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Yersinia? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Proteus? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Aeromonas? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Actinobacillus? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Haemophilus? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Pasteurella? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative facultative bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Rickettsia? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative pleomorphic |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Anaplasma? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative pleomorphic |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Mycoplasma? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative pleomorphic |
|
|
Term
| What kind of bacteria is Chlamydia? |
|
Definition
| Gram negative pleomorphic |
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