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Microbiology and Disease
Disease-- Quiz 1-- Immunology 1
21
Veterinary Medicine
Undergraduate 2
01/30/2010

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
List 3 primary lymphoid organs:
Definition

1. Thymus

2. Bone Marrow in mammals

3. Bursa of Fabricius in birds

Term
What is the thymus?
Definition
Located in the cranial mediastinum and it's most active early in life and reaches maximum development at puberty
Term
What is the Bursa of Fabricius in Birds?
Definition
It's the outgrowth of cloaca
Term
List a few secondary lymphoid organs:
Definition

1. Lymph Nodes (mostly lymphocytes)

2. Spleen (many lymphocytes)

3. Lymphocytes

4. Peyer's Patches

Term

Explain the process of Derivation of cells of the immune system:

Definition

1. Primitive hematopoietic stems cells in bone marrow give rise to lymphoid cells and erythromyeloid cells

2. Lymphoid cells give rise to B and T Lymphocytes

3. B lymphocytes mature into plasma cells which produce antibodies (immunoglobulins)

4. T Lymphocytes mediate cell-mediated immune reactions

Term
What do T lymphocytes do with cell-mediated immune reactions?
Definition
Lyse cells/ phagocytize/ produce substances that direct cell functions
Term
What are erythromyeloid cells?
Definition

They are all other hematopoietic cells besides lymphtocytes.

 

EXAMPLES: Erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils

Term
Where are lympthocytes derived?
Definition
Derived from bone marrow prelymphoid stem cells and give rise to B and T lymphocytes
Term
Where are T-lymphocytes located?
Definition

Thymus gland--migrate there during embryo fetal stage of development

 

Are named T-Lymphocytes because they are found in the "T"hymus

Term
Where are B-lymphocytes located?
Definition

Bone marrow

 

Called B-lymphocytes because they are found in "B"one Marrow

Term
After leaving their primary organs, where do T and B lymphocytes head?
Definition
They colonize in secondary lymphoid organs such as the lymph nodes, spleen, etc.
Term
How can you compare T and B lymphocyte morphology?
Definition
Cannot be distinguished by light or electron microscope but you can test to identify certain molecules on their cell membranes
Term
What fraction of all circulating lymphocytes are T-lymphocytes?
Definition
2/3
Term
What are 4 subsets of T-lymphocytes?
Definition

1. T-Helper cells

2. T-Cytotoxic Cells

3. T-memory Cells

4. Natural Killer Cells

Term
What are T-Helper Cells?
Definition

They divide rapidly and secrete small proteins called cytokins that regulate or assist in the immune response

 

In normal human blood, there are about twice as many T-helper cells as T-cytotoxic cells

Term
What are T-cytotoxic Cells?
Definition
They are cells involved in mediating the killing of virus infected or tumor cells which are recognized by the body as foreign.
Term
What are T-memory Cells?
Definition

They are cells that inactive clones of Ag-sensitized T-Cells and persist long term after an infeciton has resolved.

 

They multiply upon re-exposure to their antigen and help to speed up the immune response the next time the Ag is encountered by the body.

Term
What are natural Killer cells?
Definition

They are T-cells that do not recognize specific Ag and do not require previous sensitization.

 

Account for 10-15% of peripheral lymphocytes and are a part of innate immunity

Term
What do B-lymphocytes differentiate into?
Definition
Into plasma cells that produce immunoglobulins
Term
What are plasma cells?
Definition
Descendants of B Lymphocytes that are oval shape, with an eccentrically located round nucleus and basophilic cytoplasma due to the presence of many ribosomes and lots of Rough Endoplasma reticulum
Term
What are Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Definition
Site of synthesis of immunoglobulins and is the primary secretory product of plasma cells
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