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Meninges / Dural Sinuses
Cole 6/9/11 lecture 1.5 hrs
68
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
06/06/2011

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Term
between the dura and periosteum(endosteum) it is not really a space in the brain so they call it the inner and outer dura layers sometimes including the endosteum as an outer layer - easier to separate the endosteum from the bone than from the dura
Definition
where is the epidural space (between what layers?)
Term
subarachnoid space (between arachnoid and pia mater)
Definition
where is the CSF(what layer/space?)
Term
between the dura and arachnoid
Definition
between what layers is the subdural space?
Term
nothing! in the brain it adheres directly, in the spine it is padded with fat and veins

note: the veins still exist, just as dural sinuses
Definition
what is between the dura and the neurocranium endosteum?
Term
the roots and margins

Almost every root has a sinus, but not every margin
Definition
where do the sinuses exist in the dural folds?
Term
venous
Definition
what type of blood is found in dural sinuses?
Term
endosteum
Definition
name the periosteum of the endocranial cavity
Term
the subdural space
Definition
between what layers of dura is there a potential space that is easily forced open with a bleed, but normally kept close with the pressure of CSF?
Term
dural fold
Definition
a double layer of dura
Term
root is against the bone, margin is in the edge of the fold that projects into the endocranial cavity
Definition
where is the root of the dural fold? the margin?
Term
filaments of the arachnoid mater
Definition
what is found in the subarachnoid space besides CSF?
Term
pia mater, arachnoid just bridges the gaps
Definition
what is the only dura layer that follows the sulci/gyri?
Term
falx(sickle) cerebri
Definition
name the larges dural fold that is a mid-line sickle shaped structure between the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
Term
tentorium cerebelli
Definition
name the horizontal sheath of dura between the cerebrum and cerebellum
Term
anteriorly: a projection of the ethmoid bone: the crista galli

posteriorly it splits and forms the tentorium cerebelli
Definition
where is the falx cerebri anchored anteriorly? posteriorly?
Term
the midline gap in the tentorium cerebelli that allows communication between the cerebrum and more inferior parts of the brain
Definition
what is the tentorial notch?
Term
diaphragm sellae (there is a hole for the stalk of the petuitary)
Definition
name the dura that covers the sella tursica
Term
yes, they leave ridges in the bone where the flax attached for example
Definition
can you see in a dried skull where the dural folds were?
Term
the anterior attachment of the falx to the crista galli?
Definition
what is the frontal crest?
Term
the sphenoid (h. fossa aka sella tursica)
Definition
wha bone has the hypophyseal fossa?
Term
1) anterior clinoid processes
2) posterior clinoid processes
Definition
name the attachment points of the diaphragm sellae
Term
the ridge on the petrous part of the temporal bone
Definition
what bone does the tentorium cerebelli anchor to (what ridge)?
Term
sigmoid sinus(behind temporal), transverse sinuses
Definition
name the 2 sinuses in the grooves of the occipital bone
Term
internal occipital protuberence, it marks the intersection of falx and the tentorium, and the falx cerbelli
Definition
name the intersection of ridges/grooves in the back of the occipital bone, why is it important?
Term
tentorial incisure (aka tentorial notch???)
Definition
name the hole around the midbrain that allows the cerebrum and lower brain parts to communicate
Term
corpus callosum, 3rd ventricle
Definition
what brain structure lies just deep to the falx cerebri & longitudinal cerebral fissure? deep to that?
Term
superior sagittal sinus
Definition
name the largest dural sinus at the root of the falx cerebri
Term
inferior sagittal sinus
Definition
name the dural sinus at the margin of the falx cerebri
Term
transverse sinus
Definition
name the sinus at the root of the tentorium cerebelli (on the occipital sinus)
Term
doesn't exist
Definition
name the dural sinus in the margin of the tentorium cerebelli
Term
sigmoid sinus, this sinus receives blood from the transverse sinus and flows downward
Definition
name the S shaped sinus behind the temporal bone, where does the blood flowing to this sinus come from?
Term
it does not have an associated dural fold, some dura just bridges over a groove in the bone to form the sigmoid sinus
Definition
how is the sigmoid sinus formed in dura?
Term
straight sinus
Definition
this sinus is not associated with bone, but serves as an intersection between the inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral vein
Term
confluence of sinus (posterior in the endocranial cavity)
Definition
where the straight sinus and superior sagittal sinus meet the transverse sinus
Term
occipital sinus
Definition
name the sinus in the root of the falx cerebelli
Term
cavernous sinuses
Definition
these sinuses lie on either side of the sphenoid bone and have no associated dural fold and look like vertical slits
Term
intercavernous sinuses
Definition
name the sinuses behind the petuitary gland, but anterior to the cavernous sinus
Term
petrosal sinuses (superior)
Definition
name the along the petrous part of the temporal bone at the root of the tentorium, where it continues anteriorly after the transverse sinus turns down into the sigmoid sinus
Term
no, yes
Definition
is the inferior petrosal sinus associated with a dural fold? the superior?
Term
superior petrosal sinus
Definition
connects the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus through the root of the tentorium
Term
internal jugular
Definition
where does the inferior petrosal sinus drain?
Term
sigmoid sinus to the internal jugular vein
Definition
primary route of venous blood drainage from the brain
Term
both flow front to back (toward the confluence)
Definition
what is the direction of blood flow in the superior sagittal sinus? inferior?
Term
inf:
converges with the great cerebral vein
to form the straight sinus
then to the confluence
Definition
describe blood flow from the inferior sagittal sinus to the confluence
Term
a venous plexus in the epidural space "the vertebral plexus"
Definition
where does the occipital sinus drain?
Term
superior petrosal sinus
Definition
what connects the cavernous sinus to the sigmoid sinus?
Term
transverse (except the occipital sinus)
Definition
"everything drains into the ___ sinus then into the sigmoid sinus"
Term
laterally then forward
Definition
what direction does blood flow in the transverse sinus?
Term
jugular foramen (from the sigmoid sinus)
Definition
where is the transition for dural sinus to true vein?
Term
excess CSF
Definition
what do dural sinuses drain besides blood?
Term
choroid plexus
Definition
what makes CSF continuously?
Term
lateral ventricles (one in each hemisphere)

a little in the 3rd ventricle
Definition
where is most of the CSF made?
Term
cerebral aquaduct
Definition
name the space between the brain stem and cerebrum that goes from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th
Term
cerebellum
Definition
what lies just anterior to the 4th ventricle?
Term
1 in back, pair in front, so 3
Definition
how many openings shunt CSF from the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space?
Term
arachnoid granulations
Definition
specialisations of arachnoid mater that project through holes of dura into the dural sinuses
Term
drain CSF to the dural sinuses which is normally at higher pressure, but don't let blood back in
Definition
what flows through arachnoid granulations?
Term
in the superior saggital sinus &
lateral lacunae b/w dura and endosteum
Definition
where are most of the arachnoid granulations found?
Term
used to think it was the granulations, but it is now known that lymphatic drainage is the primary route
Definition
what is the main way CSF is drained from the subarachnoid space to venous circulation?
Term
there is lymph drainage from dura/arachnoid mater
& along cranial n roots

-eventually it ends up in venous circulation
Definition
where are the lymphatic drainage locations of CSF?
Term
1) fluid build up INSIDE the brain (forcing brain tissue against walls of neurocranium)

2) obstruction of drainage of the subarachnoid space (once fluid has left the brain) pressing on brain from outside compressing it to the size of a tennis ball
Definition
name the 2 types of hydrocephalus
Term
middle meningeal artery
Definition
blood supply for most of the dura & bone, important in endocranial bleeds
Term
middle meningeal artery
Definition
this artery is at risk of laceration with a crushing blow to the side of the head due to a thin portion of bone
Term
epidural hemorrhage
Definition
between the endostium and bone, the middle meningeal artery leaks blood between dura and endosteum causing the space to quickly fill and put pressure on the brain, what kind of hemorrhage is this?
Term
a subdural bleed (venous) happens in old people because as their brain shrinks the bridging veins stretch and are more succeptible to shearing
Definition
a bleed between the arachnoid mater and the endosteum/dura combination into the subdural space (a potential space) that tends to occur when the bridging veins get sheared like in a car accident or like in a fall with an old person.
Term
subarachnoid mater
Definition
this type of bleed happens usually due to strokes/aneurisms where blood mixes with the CSF under the arachnoid mater
Term
epidural and subdural put pressure on the brain

subarachnoid disrupts the blood supply
Definition
name types of bleeds that put pressure on the brain, what type actually interrupts the blood supply to the brain?
Term
1) subarachnoid (arterial)
2) epidural (arterial)
3) subdural (venous)
Definition
list the types of brain bleeds in order of what will kill you the quickest
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