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Membranes/homeostasis
Membranes
28
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
08/28/2013

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Term
Structure of a cell plasma membrane
Definition
1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Protein Islands
3. Selective Permeable
Term
selectively permeable
Definition
cell membrane has some control over what can cross it, so that only certain molecules either enter or leave the cell.
Term
Describe: diffusion
Definition
Concentration gradient

High concentration to low concentration
Term
Describe: osmosis
Definition
Diffusion of water across cell membrane
Term
Describe: solute
Definition
dissolves in solvent

In a salt/water solution, dissolved salt is the solute
Term
Describe: solvent
Definition
solute dissolves in solvent

In a salt/water solution, water is the solvent
Term
Describe: solution
Definition
is any mixture of liquids, gases, or solids in which the substances are uniformly distributed with no clear boundary between them
Term
Describe: osmotic pressure
Definition
tendency of water to move by osmosis
Term
Describe: milliosmole
Definition
measurement depicting 1/1000 of an osmole (express the number of particles in a solution)
Term
Describe: facilitated diffusion
Definition
Passive Transport

Diffusion along membrane protein carriers
Term
Describe: filtration
Definition
Solutions move across membrane by hydrostatic pressure; influenced by molecule size
Term
Describe: active transport
Definition
movement against concentration gradient requiring metabolic energy
Term
Describe: NA+/K+ pump
Definition
3 Na out/2 K in

Biochemical mechanism that uses energy derived from ATP to achieve the active transport of potassium ions opposite to that of sodium ions; also called sodium potassium ATP-ase
Term
Describe: Endocytosis
Definition
Bulk uptake of material through the cell membrane
Term
Describe: Phagocytosis
Definition
Cells' ingestion of solid substances, such as other cells, bacteria, bits of necroses tissue, and foreign particles.
Term
Describe: Exocytosis
Definition
Elimination of material from a cell through the formation of vacuoles
Term
Tonicity (solution, solvent)
Definition
Isotonic
hypotonic
Hypertonic
Term
Isotonic
Definition
of equal tension
Term
Hypotonic
Definition
a solution of lower osmotic pressure than another solution with which it is compared (opposed to hypertonic ).
Term
Hypertonic
Definition
Having the higher osmotic pressure of two solutions.
Term
osmalility
Definition
reflects the number, not the type, of particles in a solution

1 Osm glucose solution contains avogadro's number of particles per kg of water
Term
Tonicity
Definition
Osmotic pressure or tension of a solution, usually relative to that of blood; a state of continuous activity or tension caused by muscle contraction beyond the tension related to physical properties of muscle.
Term
RBC in Hypotonic solution (low solute concentration)
Definition
Water enters the cell by osmosis causing the cell to swell or even burst (lyse)
Term
RBC in isotonic solution (equal concentration to cell)
Definition
Water moves into and out of the cell at the same rate. No net water movement occurs, and the cell shape remains normal
Term
RBC in Hypertonic Solution (High solute concentration)
Definition
Water moves by osmosis out of the cell and into the solution, resulting in shrinkage (crenation).
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
In balance
Healthy person is in homeostasis

Disease is loss of homeostasis
Term
Negative Feedback loops
Definition
Opposite effect
Not enough hormone so negative feed back will make more hormones
Term
Positive Feedback loops
Definition
exaggeration

a lot of hormone so positive feedback will make more
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