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Medulla Oblangata
N/A
48
Anatomy
Graduate
02/24/2012

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Cards

Term
The medulla oblongata is derived from what developmental structure?
Definition
Rhombencephalon
Term
The medulla oblongata contains primary nuclei responsible for what functions?
Definition
Autonomic control of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure
Term
What long tracts are associated with the medulla oblongata? What is the relationship between the medulla oblongata and the long tracts of the nervous system?
Definition
Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system and corticospinal tracts both decussate (cross) from one side to the other at the medulla oblongata
Term
Where does the pyramidal decussation appear on the medulla?
Definition
Ventral surface as a minor disruption of the anterior median fissure
Term
Which long tract has 80-90% of its fibers crossing over at the level of the ventral caudal medulla?
Definition
Corticospinal tract, descends in the lateral funiculus
Term
Where do fibers within the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus begin to synapse?
Definition
Nucleus Gracilis and nucleus cuneatus of the pyramidal decussation respectively
Term
Where is the spinal trigeminal nucleus located?
Definition
Lateral medulla between the caudal pons and the upper cervical spinal cord within the grey matter of the dorsal horn
Term
What takes place in the tract of Lissauer?
Definition
Spinal trigeminal tract
Term
What type of innervation is received by the spinal nucleus tract?
Definition
GSA conveying pain, temp, and crude touch from the face and external ear
Term
What is the surface marking given off by the spinal trigeminal nucleus?
Definition
Tuberculum cinereum
Term
Where is the tuberculum cinereum located?
Definition
Lateral to the cuneate tubercle and tract
Term
What are the divisions of the spinal nucleus within the medulla?
Definition
Pars Oralis, Pars Interpolaris, Pars Caudalis
Term
What are the boundaries of the Pars Oralis and what type of sensory input does it receive?
Definition
Rostral pole of hypoglossal n. to caudal end of pons, receives crude touch input
Term
What are the boundaries of the Pars Interpolaris and what type of sensory input does it receive?
Definition
Obex to rostral pole of hypoglossal nucleus, receives input for dental pain
Term
What are the boundaries of the Pars caudalis and what type of sensory input does it receive?
Definition
C3 to the obex, receives input for pain and temperature input
Term
What part of the spinal medula synapses with V1, V2, and V3?
Definition
Pars caudalis
Term
Where is the spinal accessory nucleus located?
Definition
Lateral portion of the ventral horn from C5 or C6 to C1
Term
What are dorsal column axons referred to at the point where they ducussate?
Definition
Internal arcuate fibers
Term
What do dorsal column axons travel within to reach the thalamus after they ducussate?
Definition
Medial lemniscus
Term
What type of innervation does the accessory cuneate nucleus receive?
Definition
Proprioceptive information from the upper limb destined for the cerebellum
Term
What is the name of the projections traveling from the accessory cuneate nucleus to the cerebellum?
Definition
Cuneocerebellar tract
Term
What tracts are found in the midline behind the medial lemniscus of the medulla?
Definition
Tectospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus
Term
What are the major vessels that supply blood to the medulla?
Definition
Anterior spinal artery, vertebral arteries, posterior spinal artery
Term
The level of the obex is associated with which cranial nerve?
Definition
CN XII (hypoglossal n.)
Term
What unique structure is found in the upper medulla?
Definition
Area postrema
Term
What is the function of the area postrema?
Definition
Contains sinusoid capillaries with chemosensitive zones that can trigger emesis (vomiting)
Term
What pathway is provided by the restiform body within the inferior cerebellar peduncle?
Definition
Major afferent pathway for the cerebellum, also carries cuneocerebellar tract
Term
Where does the ventral trigeminothalamic tract originate and what type of innervation does it carry?
Definition
Spinal trigeminal nucleus, carries pain and temp signals from the face
Term
What are the prominent features of the midolivary level of the medulla?
Definition
Inferior olivary complex, exit points for the hypoglossal and vagus nerves
Term
What are the components of the inferior olivary complex?
Definition
Principal olivary nucleus, medial accessory, and dorsal accessory olive
Term
What is the function of the principal olivary nucleus
Definition
Involved in control of planned or skilled voluntary movements
Term
What is the function of the medal and dorsal accessory olives?
Definition
Receive spinal afferents for sterotyped movements
Term
How does the inferior olivary complex project to the cerebellum?
Definition
Via olivocerebellar tract within the contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle
Term
Where is the hypoglossal nucleus located?
Definition
Deep to the hypoglossal trigone present on either side of the median sulcus in the medullarly portion of the rhomboid fossa
Term
Where do hypoglossal motor neurons emerge from the brainstem?
Definition
Between the pyramid and the inferior olive in the preolivary sulcus
Term
What is innervated by the ambiguus nerve?
Definition
Primarily SVE motor innervation to muscles derived from pharyngeal arches, some GVE to cardiac ganglia
Term
The nucleus ambiguus contributes to which cranial nerves?
Definition
IX, X, XI
Term
Where is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus located?
Definition
Deep to the vagal trigone and lateral to the hypoglossal trigone in the floor of the 4th ventricle
Term
Where is the solitary nucleus located?
Definition
Lateral to the dorsal motor nucleus
Term
What are the two zones of the solitary nucleus?
Definition
Rostral gustatory zone and caudal cardiorespiratory zone
Term
What is the function of the rostral gustatory zone of the solitary nucleus?
Definition
Receives taste afferents (SVA) via CN VII, IX, X
Term
Neurons from the gustatory zone of the solitary nucleus project to what structure?
Definition
Thalamus
Term
What is the function of the caudal cardiorespiratory zone of the solitary nucleus?
Definition
Receives GVA input from CN IX and X from the lungs and GI tract as well the carotid sinus and carotid body
Term
Where is the vestibular nuclei located?
Definition
Rostral, dorsolateral medulla
Term
What is the function of the vestibular nuclei?
Definition
Receives input form labyrinth of the inner ear involved in equilibrium and control of eye movement
Term
The rostral medulla is on level with what cranial nerves?
Definition
CN IX and VIII
Term
What nuclei are present in the rostral medulla?
Definition
Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, inferior salivatory nuclei, nucleus prepositous, and enlarging restiform nucleus
Term
What is the function of the salivatory nucleus?
Definition
Origin of parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland, fibers synapse in otic ganglia
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