Term
| The medulla oblongata is derived from what developmental structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medulla oblongata contains primary nuclei responsible for what functions? |
|
Definition
| Autonomic control of respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| What long tracts are associated with the medulla oblongata? What is the relationship between the medulla oblongata and the long tracts of the nervous system? |
|
Definition
| Dorsal column-medial lemniscal system and corticospinal tracts both decussate (cross) from one side to the other at the medulla oblongata |
|
|
Term
| Where does the pyramidal decussation appear on the medulla? |
|
Definition
| Ventral surface as a minor disruption of the anterior median fissure |
|
|
Term
| Which long tract has 80-90% of its fibers crossing over at the level of the ventral caudal medulla? |
|
Definition
| Corticospinal tract, descends in the lateral funiculus |
|
|
Term
| Where do fibers within the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus begin to synapse? |
|
Definition
| Nucleus Gracilis and nucleus cuneatus of the pyramidal decussation respectively |
|
|
Term
| Where is the spinal trigeminal nucleus located? |
|
Definition
| Lateral medulla between the caudal pons and the upper cervical spinal cord within the grey matter of the dorsal horn |
|
|
Term
| What takes place in the tract of Lissauer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of innervation is received by the spinal nucleus tract? |
|
Definition
| GSA conveying pain, temp, and crude touch from the face and external ear |
|
|
Term
| What is the surface marking given off by the spinal trigeminal nucleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the tuberculum cinereum located? |
|
Definition
| Lateral to the cuneate tubercle and tract |
|
|
Term
| What are the divisions of the spinal nucleus within the medulla? |
|
Definition
| Pars Oralis, Pars Interpolaris, Pars Caudalis |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the Pars Oralis and what type of sensory input does it receive? |
|
Definition
| Rostral pole of hypoglossal n. to caudal end of pons, receives crude touch input |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the Pars Interpolaris and what type of sensory input does it receive? |
|
Definition
| Obex to rostral pole of hypoglossal nucleus, receives input for dental pain |
|
|
Term
| What are the boundaries of the Pars caudalis and what type of sensory input does it receive? |
|
Definition
| C3 to the obex, receives input for pain and temperature input |
|
|
Term
| What part of the spinal medula synapses with V1, V2, and V3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the spinal accessory nucleus located? |
|
Definition
| Lateral portion of the ventral horn from C5 or C6 to C1 |
|
|
Term
| What are dorsal column axons referred to at the point where they ducussate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do dorsal column axons travel within to reach the thalamus after they ducussate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of innervation does the accessory cuneate nucleus receive? |
|
Definition
| Proprioceptive information from the upper limb destined for the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the projections traveling from the accessory cuneate nucleus to the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What tracts are found in the midline behind the medial lemniscus of the medulla? |
|
Definition
| Tectospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus |
|
|
Term
| What are the major vessels that supply blood to the medulla? |
|
Definition
| Anterior spinal artery, vertebral arteries, posterior spinal artery |
|
|
Term
| The level of the obex is associated with which cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What unique structure is found in the upper medulla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the area postrema? |
|
Definition
| Contains sinusoid capillaries with chemosensitive zones that can trigger emesis (vomiting) |
|
|
Term
| What pathway is provided by the restiform body within the inferior cerebellar peduncle? |
|
Definition
| Major afferent pathway for the cerebellum, also carries cuneocerebellar tract |
|
|
Term
| Where does the ventral trigeminothalamic tract originate and what type of innervation does it carry? |
|
Definition
| Spinal trigeminal nucleus, carries pain and temp signals from the face |
|
|
Term
| What are the prominent features of the midolivary level of the medulla? |
|
Definition
| Inferior olivary complex, exit points for the hypoglossal and vagus nerves |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the inferior olivary complex? |
|
Definition
| Principal olivary nucleus, medial accessory, and dorsal accessory olive |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the principal olivary nucleus |
|
Definition
| Involved in control of planned or skilled voluntary movements |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the medal and dorsal accessory olives? |
|
Definition
| Receive spinal afferents for sterotyped movements |
|
|
Term
| How does the inferior olivary complex project to the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
| Via olivocerebellar tract within the contralateral inferior cerebellar peduncle |
|
|
Term
| Where is the hypoglossal nucleus located? |
|
Definition
| Deep to the hypoglossal trigone present on either side of the median sulcus in the medullarly portion of the rhomboid fossa |
|
|
Term
| Where do hypoglossal motor neurons emerge from the brainstem? |
|
Definition
| Between the pyramid and the inferior olive in the preolivary sulcus |
|
|
Term
| What is innervated by the ambiguus nerve? |
|
Definition
| Primarily SVE motor innervation to muscles derived from pharyngeal arches, some GVE to cardiac ganglia |
|
|
Term
| The nucleus ambiguus contributes to which cranial nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus located? |
|
Definition
| Deep to the vagal trigone and lateral to the hypoglossal trigone in the floor of the 4th ventricle |
|
|
Term
| Where is the solitary nucleus located? |
|
Definition
| Lateral to the dorsal motor nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What are the two zones of the solitary nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Rostral gustatory zone and caudal cardiorespiratory zone |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the rostral gustatory zone of the solitary nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Receives taste afferents (SVA) via CN VII, IX, X |
|
|
Term
| Neurons from the gustatory zone of the solitary nucleus project to what structure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the caudal cardiorespiratory zone of the solitary nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Receives GVA input from CN IX and X from the lungs and GI tract as well the carotid sinus and carotid body |
|
|
Term
| Where is the vestibular nuclei located? |
|
Definition
| Rostral, dorsolateral medulla |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the vestibular nuclei? |
|
Definition
| Receives input form labyrinth of the inner ear involved in equilibrium and control of eye movement |
|
|
Term
| The rostral medulla is on level with what cranial nerves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nuclei are present in the rostral medulla? |
|
Definition
| Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, inferior salivatory nuclei, nucleus prepositous, and enlarging restiform nucleus |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the salivatory nucleus? |
|
Definition
| Origin of parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland, fibers synapse in otic ganglia |
|
|
