Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| help control metab, inflam, immune func, NaCl H2O balance, sex char |
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Term
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Definition
| chemically related to male sex horm testosterone; illegal to build muscles |
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Term
| anabolic steriod side effects |
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Definition
| liver damage, altered body chem, testicular shrinkage, breast devel, mood swings, violence. in teens - bone loss, short height |
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Term
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Definition
| pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid (4), adrenal (2), pancreas, thymus, pineal gland, gonads (2) |
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Term
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Definition
| any disease of endocrine system |
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Definition
| condition caused by excessive secretions of any gland |
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Definition
| under secretion of a gland |
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Term
| location of pituitary gland |
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Definition
| base of brain, below hypothalamus, has anter and poster sections |
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Term
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Definition
| acts in response to hypothal. it secrets horm which control other glands |
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Term
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Definition
| secrets neurohormones which communicates w/ other parts of body |
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Definition
| unlike other hormones b/c it is secreted by or acts on a part of nervous system |
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Term
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenotropin) |
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Definition
| stim growth & secretions of adrenal cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| follicle-stim hormone (follitropin) FSH |
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Definition
| female-stim secretion of estrogen adn ova growth. males-prod of sperm |
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Term
| growth hormone (somatotropin) |
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Definition
| regulates bone, muscle, tissue growth |
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Definition
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Term
| lactogenic hormone (prolactin) |
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Definition
| stimu and maintains milk secretion |
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Definition
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Term
| interstitial cell-stimulating hormone, lutenizing hormone (luteontropin) |
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Definition
| stim ovulation in femail. test secret in male |
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Definition
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Term
| melanocyte-stimulation hormone (melanotropin) |
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Definition
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Term
| thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) |
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Definition
| stim growth and secret of thyroid gland |
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Term
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Definition
| maintains H2O balance by stim H2O reabsorption. |
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Term
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Definition
| stim uterin contract during labor |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| synthetic oxytocin; given to speed labor; after labor oxytocin stim milk flow |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargement of extremities caused by excessive growth horm AFTER puberty |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| abnormal overgrowth of body caused by excessive growth hormone BEFORE puberty |
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Definition
| patho results in excess secret of anterior pituitary |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced secret due to partial, complete loss of func in anter pit |
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Term
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Definition
| any disorder of pitutary func |
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Term
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Definition
| benign tumor causes excess secret of adrenocorticotropic horm, causes excess cortisol usually causes cushing's syndrome |
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Term
| prolactin-producing adenoma (prolactinoma) |
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Definition
| benign tumor of pit that causes excess prolactin; in female causes infert & change in menstration. in males causes impotence |
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Term
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Definition
| not enough antidiuretic or kidney inability to respond to anitdiur. causes too much fluid to be excreted causing polydipsia and polyuria |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| human growth hormone thearpy/recombinant GH |
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Definition
| sythetic version of horm; stimulates growth when body doesn't prod enough |
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Term
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Definition
| lies on either side of larynx below thyroid cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| reg metabolism, influences growth and nervous sys func |
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Term
| thyroxine and triiodothyronine |
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Definition
| 2 primary horm influ metabol. secret of these is controled by thyroid stim hormone |
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Term
| calcitonin/throcalcitonin |
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Definition
| works w/ parathyroid horm to reg calcium levels; decreases blood levels by moving it into bones and teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| autoimmune; immune sys attacks thyroid tiss; begins as inflam process causes goiters hypothyroidism; progressively distroys gland |
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Term
| hypothyroidism/underactive thyroid |
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Definition
| deficiency of thyroid secret. sympt fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, decreased metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| congenital form of hypothyro. if not treated after birth it hinders physical and mental develop |
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Term
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Definition
| severe form of hypothyro; symp enlarged tongue, puffiness of hands and face |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive thryoid secret; symp increased metabol, sweating, nervousness, weight loss |
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Term
| thyrotoxicosis/thyroid storm |
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Definition
| life-threatening, excess of thyroid horm secreted into blood |
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Term
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Definition
| autoimmune; form of hyperthyro char by goiters and exophthalmos |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal protrusion of eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal enlargement of throid gland prod swelling in neck |
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Term
| thyroid-stimulatin hormone assay |
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Definition
| diagnostic test measures TSH in blood; detects abnormal thyroid activity due to excess pitu stim |
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Term
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Definition
| measures thyroid func; form of nuclear med |
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Term
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Definition
| med given to slow ability of thyroids to produce thyroid horm |
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Term
| chemical thyroidectomy/radioactive iodine therapy |
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Definition
| radioactive iodine is given to destroy thyroid cells; kills part of thyroid; treats hyperthyro disorders ex Grave's disease |
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Term
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Definition
| surg removal of 1 lobe of thyroid gland; term also describes removal of lobe of lung, liver, or brain |
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Term
| synthetic thyroid hormones |
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Definition
| given to replace lost thyroid func |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 of them, located in thyroid, size of grain of rice |
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Term
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Definition
| regulates calcium levels in body; calc levels are import to smooth func of nervous and muscle systems |
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Term
| parathyroid hormone/parathormone |
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Definition
| works w/ calcitonin to reg calcium. parathy horm increase cal in blood by taking it out of bones and teeth |
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Term
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Definition
| insufficient/absent secret of parathy gland. usually occurs w/ hypocalcemia and tetany |
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Term
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Definition
| char abnorm low levels of calcium in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| char by periodic painful muscle spasms and tremors |
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Term
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Definition
| overprod of parathy (PTH) causes hypercalcemia can lead to weak bones and kidney stones |
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Term
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Definition
| char by abnorm high concentration of calc in blood instead of in bones |
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Term
| primary hyperparathyroidism |
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Definition
| cause by diseased parathy glands |
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Term
| secondary hyperparathyroidism |
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Definition
| cause by problem elsewhere; ex kidney failure makes body resistant to parathy horm |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of one or more of the parathy glands done to control hyperparathyroidism |
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Term
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Definition
| located on top of kidneys; surrounded by adrenal capsule; has adrenal cortex(outside) & adrenal medulla (inside) |
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Term
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Definition
| control electrolyte levels; reg metabol, interacts w/ sympathetic nervous system (stress) |
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Term
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Definition
| mineral sub (Na, K) found in blood |
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Term
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Definition
| name given to any steroid horm (&syntheic equivalents) prod by cortex. 3 groups: mineral corticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids |
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Term
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Definition
| aldosterone; reg mineral salts and water by increasing Na reabsorption by kidneys |
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Term
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Definition
| returning sub to bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
| cortisol/hydrocortisone;reg metab of carbs, fats, proteins; influence bp, have anti-inflam effect |
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Term
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Definition
| androgens; influe sex-related char; normally production is minimal |
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Term
| epinephrine and norepinephrine |
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Definition
| adrenaline; stim sympath nervous sys; increases heart rate & bp. norepi has a role as a neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| adrenals don't prod enough cortisol or aldosteron. char chronic worsening fatigue, muscle weakness, loss of appetite, weight loss |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal electrolyte balance causes excess aldosterone secret |
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Term
| primary aldosteronism/conn's syndrome |
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Definition
| aldosteronism caused by disorder of adrenals |
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Term
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Definition
| not caused by adrenal disorder; results from problems elsewhere ex nephrotic syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| benign tumor of adrenal medulla causes gland to prod excess epi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| cushing's syndrom/hypercortisolism |
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Definition
| prolonged exosure to high levels or cortisol; sympt moon shaped face; cause by overproduction in body or overuse of cortico meds to treat inflam disorders ex rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy |
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Definition
| minimally invasive procedure that removes one or both adrenal glands |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic version of corticosteroids; it suppresses inflam and immune sys |
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Term
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Definition
| sythetic horm used as vasocontricter treats heart dysrhythmias and asthma attacks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| feather shaped organ located behind stomach |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| pancreatic islets/islets of Langerhans |
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Definition
| cells w/i panc that have endocrine func |
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Term
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Definition
| control blood sugar and glucose metab |
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Term
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Definition
| horm secreted by alpha cells in response to low blood sugar. increase sugar by stim liver to convert glyocen into glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| the form in which the liver stores glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by beta cells in response to high blood sugar; it allows glucose to enter cells and when additional glucose is no longer needed it stim liver to convert glucose into glycogen |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally high blood sugar; seen in pt with diabetes mellitus; sympt polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| excessive secret of insulin; causes hypoglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormally low blood sugar |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bening tumor of panc causes hypoglycemia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| group of metabol disorders char hyperglycemia. caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both |
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Term
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Definition
| insulin dependent diabetes/juvenile diabetes; autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder; destruc of beta cells; sympt polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue, slow healing |
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Term
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Definition
| insulin replacement, diet and exercise therapy |
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Term
| type 2 diabetes/non-insulin-dependent diabetes |
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Definition
| insulin resistant; body secretes insulin but it isn't used effectively; may have no sympt for years; same sympt as type 1 plus recurring infect, irritablity, tingling in hands and feet |
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Term
| treatment for type 2 diabetes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lower blood sugar by causing body to release more insulin |
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Term
| glucophage (metaformin hydrochloride) |
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Definition
| work w/i cells to combat insulin resistance and to help insulin let blood sugar into cells |
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Term
| gestational diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| form of diabe that occurs during preg; disappears after delivery; usually develop type 2 diabetes later in life |
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Term
| diabetes mellitus diagnostic procedures |
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Definition
| fasting blood sugar test, oral glucose tolerance test, home blood glucose monitoring, fructosamine test, hemoglobin A1c testing |
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Term
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Definition
| measures glucose levels after pt has not eaten for 12 hours. screen/monitoring treatment of diab |
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Term
| oral glucose tolerance test |
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Definition
| done to confirm diab or hypoglycemia |
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Term
| home blood glucose monitioring |
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Definition
| measures current blood sugar levels; requires drop of blood, done by pt |
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Term
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Definition
| measures average glucose levels over past 3 weeks; able to detect changes in HbA1c test |
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Term
| hemoglobin A1c testing/HbA1c |
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Definition
| blood test that measure average blood sugar over last 3-4 months; used to eval how well blood sugar levels have been controlled; also screening for diab |
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Term
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Definition
| due to too much or too little blood sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by very low blood sugar; treated by giving sugary substance that can be quickly absorbed into blood stream |
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Term
| diabetic coma/diabetic ketoacidosis |
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Definition
| caused by very high blood sugar; treated by insulin shot |
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Term
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Definition
| result from damage to capillaires, other vessels due to long term exposure to high blood sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| excess blood sugar makes walls of vessels sticky and ridgid; causes hypertension and atherosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
| may lead to renal failure b/c damage to vessles reduced flow through kid |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to nerves; when occurs in hands and feet it is called peripheral neuropathy; causes pain numbness, tingling |
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Term
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Definition
| diab damages vessesl in retina, can lead to blindness |
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Term
| pancreatectomy (total pancreatectomy) |
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Definition
| removal of the panc; treats panc cancer; the spleen, gall bladder, common bile duct and portions of small intest and stomach are taken out with it b/c they are attached to panc |
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Term
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Definition
| located near midline in anterior portion of thoarcic cavity; post to sternum, superior to heart |
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Term
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Definition
| play important role in immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| stim maturity of lymphosytes in to T cells of immune sys |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| usually bening tumor dervied from tissue of thymus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| very small, shaped like a pine cone, located in central part of brain |
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Term
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Definition
| not clearly understood; influe sleep-wakefullness cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| secret by pinal influe sleep and wakefulness portion of circadian cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the biological func that occurs w/i a 24 hour period |
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Term
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Definition
| any disorder of the pineal gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| female-ovaries male-testes; produce gametes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| gonadotropic hormones/gonadotropin |
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Definition
| any hormone that stim gonads |
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Term
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Definition
| secret horm, devel and maintain secondary sex char |
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Term
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Definition
| condition of 1st being able to reproduce; genitals mature, secondary sex char devel, 1st occurence of menstration; avg age 14(boys) 12(girls) |
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Term
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Definition
| early onset of changes of puberty; before 9 in girls and before 10 in boys |
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Term
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Definition
| secreted by testicles, stim devel of male secondary sex char |
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Term
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Definition
| important in devel and maint of female secondary sex char, and reg of menstration |
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Term
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Definition
| horm released during 2nd half of menstration by corpus luteum in ovary; completes prep for preg; if preg occurs placenta takes over progest prod; if it doesn't secret stops follow by period |
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Term
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Definition
| during preg it secret human chorionic gonadotropin to stim corpus luteum to contin prod of preg horm; also stim lactation after birth |
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Term
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Definition
| excess secret of horm by sex glands |
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Term
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Definition
| sex glands don't secret enough horm |
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Term
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Definition
| excess mammary devel in males |
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Definition
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