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Medical Terminology
Chapter 8 - The Digestive System
79
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/23/2009

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Term
Aliment
Definition
to nourish
Term
cheil/o
Definition
lips or mouth
Term
odonti
Definition
teeth
Term
Dentition
Definition
natural teeth
Term
Salivary Glands
Definition
Parotid, Subligual, Submandibular
Term
Edentulous
Definition
Without teeth; Natural teeth have been lost
Term
Gullet
Definition
esophagus
Term
Fundus
Definition
Upper, rounded part of the stomach
Term
Antrum
Definition
Lower, smaller part of the stomach
Term
Pylorus
Definition
Passage between the stomach and the intestines
Term
Length of the Small Intestines
Definition
20 feet
Term
Parts of the Small Intestines
Definition
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Term
Parts of the Large Intestines
Definition
Cecum, Colon, Rectum, Anus
Term
Parts of the Colon
Definition
Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid
Term
Anorectal
Definition
Refers to the anus and rectum as a single unit
Term
Accessory Digestive Organs
Definition
Liver, Pancreas, Gall Bladder
Term
Stores/Produces Bile
Definition
liver produces; gall bladder stores and concentrates
Term
Cholecystic
Definition
pertaining to the gall bladder
Term
Primary Nutrients
Definition
Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins
Term
Essential Nutrients
Definition
Vitamins and Minerals
Term
metabol
Definition
change
Term
Absorption
Definition
process by which completely digested nutrients are taken into the circulatory system by passing through the capillaries of the small intestines
Term
Bolus
Definition
mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed
Term
Gastric juices
Definition
HCl and digestive enzymes
Term
Chyme
Definition
semifluid mass of partly digested food that passes from the stomach to the small intestines
Term
Duodenum
Definition
Here chyme is mixed with bile and pancreatic juice (1st portion)
Term
Jejunum
Definition
Additional enzymes are added (2nd portion)
Term
Ileum
Definition
Body absorbs nutrients from digested food (Last portion)
Term
Role of Large Intestines
Definition
to receive and store products of digestion until elimination; also absorbs excess H2O
Term
Borborygmus
Definition
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
Term
Internist
Definition
specializing in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs & related body systems
Term
orth
Definition
straight or normal
Term
proct
Definition
anus and rectum
Term
xer/o
Definition
dry
Term
-stoma
Definition
mouth
Term
gingiv
Definition
gums
Term
halit
Definition
breath
Term
-phagia
Definition
swallowing
Term
Gastroesophageal reflux disease/esophageal reflux
Definition
upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus; common cause of indigestion
Term
Pyrosis
Definition
heartburn; the burning sensation caused by acidic stomach contents returning to the esophagus
Term
hiat
Definition
opening
Term
Hernia
Definition
protrusion of a part or structure through the tissues that normally contain it
Term
pept
Definition
digestion
Term
Perforating ulcer
Definition
erosion through the entire thickness of the organ wall
Term
Gastric ulcer
Definition
peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach
Term
Peptic Ulcer
Definition
affects the mucous membrane of digestive system
Term
Duodenum Ulcers
Definition
occur in the upper part of the small intestine, and are the most common form of peptic ulcer
Term
Anorexia
Definition
loss of appetite for food, especially when caused by a disease
Term
Anorexia Nervosa
Definition
eating disorder, fear of gaining weight
Term
Emaciated
Definition
abnormally thin
Term
Bulimia
Definition
in addition to eating disorder it means continuous, excessive hunger
Term
Pica
Definition
eating disorder where there is a craving for nonfood substances (sometimes associated with pregnancy)
Term
Obese
Definition
the individual is 20-30% over what their body weight should be
Term
Morbid
Definition
pertaining to disease
Term
Bariatrics
Definition
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and allied diseases
Term
aer/o
Definition
air
Term
-phagia
Definition
swallowing
Term
Eructation
Definition
belching or raising gas orally from stomach
Term
-pepsia
Definition
digestion
Term
Dyspepsia
Definition
pain or discomfort in digestion; indigestion
Term
Emesis
Definition
expel the contents of the stomach through the esophagus and out of the mouth; vominting
Term
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Definition
Ulcerative colitis & Crohn's disease (most common)
Term
ile
Definition
ileum
Term
Gangrene
Definition
tissue death that is usually associated with a loss of circulation
Term
Piles
Definition
hemorrhoids; clusters of veins, muscles & tissues slip near or through the anal opening
Term
Icterus
Definition
yellow discoloration of skin and eyes caused by too much bilirubin in blood; jaundice
Term
cirrh
Definition
yellow or orange
Term
chole
Definition
bile or gall
Term
-lithiasis
Definition
presence of stones
Term
tom/o
Definition
slice or cut
Term
-occult
Definition
hidden
Term
emet
Definition
vomiting
Term
palat/o
Definition
palate
Term
Prophylaxis
Definition
prevention
Term
Anastomosis
Definition
a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures
Term
Ligation
Definition
tying off of blood vessels or ducts
Term
Prolapse
Definition
falling or dropping down of an organ or internal part
Term
-pexy
Definition
surgical fixation
Term
lith
Definition
stone
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