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Medical Law and Ethics
Chapter 5 and 6 - Quiz 2
52
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/06/2017

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Patient's Rights 

 

Hint: 6 statements

Definition
  1. Right to confidentiality
  2. Right to give informed consent
  3. Right to privacy
  4. Right to be informed of advantages and potential risks of treatment
  5. Right to refuse treatment
  6. Confidentiality (HIPAA)
Term
List 3 Advanced Directives a patient may have in place
Definition

Living will

Durable power of attorney

Uniform Anatomical Gift Act

Term

True or False

 

A patient cannot revoke advanced directives, once signed

Definition

False

 

They can revoke the documents at any time

Term

True or False

 

A patient's family cannot consent on the deceased patient's behalf to donate organs

Definition

False

 

A family may consent!

Term
What are the two types of consent a patient gives a medically trained person to touch, examine, and perform treatment?
Definition
  1. Informed (expressed) consent
  2. Implied consent
Term

What kind of consent is this statement:

 

'Patient agrees to course of treatment after being told consequences of having or not having certain procedures and treatment'

Definition
Informed or Expressed Consent
Term

What kind of consent is the following statement:

 

'Signature indicates patient understands limits or risks involved as explained by physician'

Definition
Informed or Expressed Consent
Term
Informed or Expressed Consent requires a physician to explain in understandable language what 6 things?
Definition
  1. Diagnosis
  2. Nature of proposed treatment
  3. Advantages and risks of treatment
  4. Alternative treatments available to patient
  5. Potential outcomes of treatment
  6. What might occur-risks and benefits-if treatment is refused
Term
What is Implied Consent?
Definition

Patient indicates by behavior that he or she accepts procedure

 

i.e. offers arm to have blood sample drawn

Term

When medical treatment is provided to a patient who is unconscious and/or cannot respond.  

 

What is this called?

Definition
Implied Consent
Term
List 6 exceptions to Consent
Definition
  1. Need not inform of commonly known risks
  2. Need not inform if disclosure of risks may be detrimental to patient
  3. Need not inform if patient asks physician not to disclose risks
  4. Not required to restore patients to original health
  5. Cannot elicit cure for every patient
  6. Cannot guarantee successful results of every treatment
Term
Refusal to Grant Consent included the following 3 things.
Definition
  1. Adult patients conscious and mentally capable have right to refuse any medical or surgical treatment
  2. Refusal must be honored no matter what patient's reasoning
  3. Failure to respect right of refusal could result in liability for assault and battery
Term

Describe 2 statements for the

Physician-Patient Relationship

Definition
  1. Both must agree to form relationship for there to be contract for services (implied contract)
  2. Under contract for services, patent can expect doctor to provide medical service for as long as necessary
Term
List the 6 statements for Physician's Rights:
Definition
  1. Right to select patients
  2. Right to refuse service to patients
  3. Right to determine type of services provided
  4. Right to be paid for services rendered
  5. Right to withdraw from relationship
  6. Right to vacation and time off
Term
What are the 3 duties of a Professional Practice during a medical emergency?
Definition
  1. Cannot ethically or legally turn away patient in an emergency situation
  2. If unable to treat patient, then must call for emergency assistance
  3. Patients cannot be turned away if indigent or uninsured
Term
Who are indigent patients?
Definition
A person who is unable to pay for medical care
Term

Define the Duty to Treat Indigent Patients

 

(under: Professional Practice Responsibilities)

Definition
  1. Dumping Crisis
  2. Emergency Medical Treatment & Active Labor Act (EMTALA)

           * Amendment under the Comprehensive Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

           * Does not mandate treatment but does require stabilization in an emergency

Term

Describe the 4 statements included in the

Duty Not to Abandon a Patient

Definition
  1. Once physician agrees to take care of patient, contract may not be improperly terminated
  2. Physician may be charged with abandonment if formal notice of withdrawal is not given
  3. Physician must allow patient time to seek service of another physician
  4. Licensed healthcare providers are also subject to this principle
Term
Describe a non-compliant patient
Definition
a patient who fails or refuses to cooperate
Term

True or False

 

Patients can discharge themselves 'against medical advice'

Definition

True

 

 

Term
Patients who are unable to provide for their own needs is called....
Definition
Incompentent
Term
A caregiver may be appointed by a court of law when the status of a patient is deemed __________.
Definition
Incompentent
Term
What are the 2 statements related to 'Duty to Treat Patients with AIDS'?
Definition
  1. Unethical to refuse to treat, work with, or provide housing for person who is HIV-positive or has AIDS
  2. Physician, by law, must make full report to state about any patient who is HIV-positive or has AIDS
Term
Malpractice
Definition
Professional misconduct or demonstration of an unreasonable lack of skill with the result of injury, loss, or damage to the patient
Term
Negligence
Definition
Unintentional action that occurs when a person performs or fails to perform an action that a reasonable person would or would not have committed in a similar situation
Term
Malfeasance
Definition
Performing a wrong or illegal act
Term
Misfeasance
Definition
Improperly performing an otherwise proper or lawful act
Term
Nonfeasance
Definition
Failure to perform a necessary action
Term
Duty
Definition
Responsibility established by physician-patient relationship
Term
Dereliction
Definition
Neglect of duty
Term
Direct or proximate cause
Definition
Continuous sequence of events, unbroken by any intervening cause, that produces injury and w/out which injury would not have occurred
Term
Damages
Definition
Injuries cased by the defendant
Term
Res Ipsa Loquitur
Definition
Latin for: 'The thing speaks for itself'
Term
The 3 conditions that must be present for 'Res Ipsa Loquitur'
Definition
  1. Injury could not have occurred w/out negligent act
  2. Defendant had direct control over cause of injury
  3. Patient did not and could not contribute to the injury
Term
Compensatory Damages
Definition
Court-awarded payment to make up for loss of income or emotional pain and suffering
Term
Punitive Damages
Definition

aka Exemplary damages

 

Monetary awarded by court to person harmed in malicious and willful way; meant to punish offender

Term
Nominal Damages
Definition
Slight or token payment awarded by court
Term
Fraud
Definition
The deliberate misrepresentation or concealment of facts from another person for unlawful or unfair gain
Term
Affirmative Defense
Definition
Allows defendant to present evidence that patient's condition was the result of factors other than negligence
Term
Denial Defense
Definition

Plaintiff must prove defendant did wrongful or negligent act

 

** Most common defense **

Term
Assumption of Risk
Definition

Prevents plaintiff from recovering damages if plaintiff voluntarily accepts a risk associated with the activity

 

i.e. patient was told of risks and said yes, but did not sign document

Term
Contributory Negligence
Definition
  • Conduct on part of plaintiff that contributes to cause of injuries
  •  
  • Complete bar to recovery of damages; plaintiff will receive no monetary damages
Term
Comparative Negligence
Definition
  • Similar to contributory negligence
  • Plaintiff's own negligence helped cause injury
  • Not a complete bar to recovery of damages; based on the amount of defendant's fault
Term
Statute of Limitations
Definition
  • Set time period for injured party to file lawsuit
  • Statute of limitations does not begin to 'run' until injury is discovered
Term
Res Judicata
Definition
  • Means: 'the thing has been decided' or 'a matter decided by judgement'
  • Once the court decides a case, plaintiff cannot bring new lawsuit on same subject
Term
Claims-made insurance
Definition
Covers insured party for claims made only during the time period policy was in effect
Term
Occurrence insurance
Definition
Covers the insured party for all injuries and incidents that occurred while policy was in effect regardless of when claim is made
Term
Malpractice Insurance
Definition
Covers any damages the physician/employer must pay if he or she is sued for malpractice and loses
Term
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
Definition
Method other than court to settle disputes
Term
Arbitration
Definition
Settling dispute without judge; decision is binding
Term
Arbitration
Definition
Settling dispute without judge; decision is binding
Term
Mediation
Definition
Opinion of third party for nonbinding decision
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