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Medical Imaging of the Normal Head and Neck
Cole 7/1/11 lecture 2 hrs
21
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
06/06/2011

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Cards

Term
1/10 angstrom
Definition
what is the wavelength of the electomagnetic radiation used for medical imaging?
Term
petrous temporal bone
Definition
what is the densest bone in the body? (or at least in imaging of the head and neck)
Term
PA, the x-ray is shot posterior to anterior, so the film is on the anterior side catching it, and thus closer to the structures you want to view.
Definition
if you want to see someone's anterior chest, do you want PA or AP x-rays? why?
Term
more absorbance/scatter = less exposure
Definition
if a tissue absorbs/scatters more radiation, will there be more or less exposure of the film?
Term
cheap and fast
Definition
list the advantages of plain radiography(x ray)
Term
1) bone, (esp for fracture diagnosis)
2) vessels (with contrast media)
3) teeth
4) detecting fluid in the sinuses
5) detecting foreign objects (especially metal)
Definition
what is plain radiography good for visualizing?
Term
1) cannot isolate structures or view 3-D very well
2) hard to distinguish soft tissues
3) ionizing radiation
Definition
what are the disadvantages of plain radiography?
Term
it is opposite normal x-rays, air is white, dense bone is dark
Definition
what is white in fluroscopy?
Term
to make x-ray movies the clinician can view in real time

often used for:
1) joint fxn (esp TMJ)
2) swallowing disorders
Definition
what is fluroscopy used for?
Term
1) better ability to visualize gray tissues
2) discreet slices of the body can be views without superimposing anything
2) a single series of scans can be viewed from any angle
3) image parameters (brightness/contrast) can always be changed
4) segmentation and isosurfaces are possible
Definition
what are the advantages of CT of plain films?
Term
a volume (a collection of axial slices)
Definition
what is a series of CT scans called?
Term
the axial slice
Definition
what is the basic unit of a CT?
Term
Computed X-ray Tomography
Definition
what is the full name of CT?
Term
It is a surface that represents points of a constant value (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) within a volume of space

a 3d model of something, like a blood vessel, with the other layers stripped off
Definition
what are isosurfaces?
Term
1)expensive, not always accessible
2) ionizing radiation exposure
3) metal causes artifacts
Definition
list the disadvantages of CT
Term
1) has same advantages over plain film as CT
2) often better with soft tissue imaging than CT
3) does not use ionizing radiation
Definition
list the advantages of MRI
Term
1) expensive, not always accessible
2) not good for mineralized tissue (bones and teeth)
3) can be freaky, it takes a while and you are in a small space
4) cant use on patients with metallic parts
Definition
list some disadvantages of the MRI
Term
describes the locations of structures in the orbit relative to the extrinsic eye muscles
Definition
what does extraconal and intraconal mean?
Term
intraocular melanomas
Definition
name the most common melanomas inside the eye
Term
persistent metopic suture
Definition
slide 65: this fracture is most likely to be a
Term
it looks for nerve like material and follows the tracts of it, like white matter tracts
Definition
what is tractography?
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