Term
| Mediastinum Overview (including superior and inferior borders) |
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Definition
- Midline region between the right and left pleural cavities
- Houses all of the thoracic organs except the lungs
- Space bounded by the superior thoracic aperture (1st ribs, manubrium, T1 vertebra) superiorly and the diaphragm inferiorly
- Horizontal plane passing through sternal angle
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Term
| Thymus (fxn, adulthood?, describe its location) |
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Definition
- lymphoid organ
- by adulthood, largely replaced by fat
- lies posterior to manubrium and body of sternum; its inferior aspect lies anterior to pericardum (at sternal angle)
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Term
| Pericardium (innervation, three layers) |
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Definition
- serous membrane surrounding the heart and proximal portions of the great vessels
- Phrenic nerves (ventral rami C3, C4, C5)
- 3 Layers: fibrous pericardium, patietal layer of serous pericardium, visceral layer of serous pericardium
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Term
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Definition
- (ventral rami C3, C4, C5) courses through the superficial aspect of the pericardium, anterior to the root of the lungs
- motor innervation to diaphragm
- sensory innervation to diaphragm, parietal pleura and pericardium (fibrous and parietal layer of serous pericardium)
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Term
| Most superficial layer of Pericardium and location and function? |
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Definition
- fibrous pericardium
- tough external layer
- inelastic and so protects the heart against overfilling
- attached to central tendon of diaphragm
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Term
| Name the Serous Pericardium's outermost layer and describe it's location |
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Definition
parietal layer of the serous pericardium
- lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium
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Term
| Name the Serous Pericardium's inner layer and describe it's location |
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Definition
Visceral Layer of the serous pericardium
- adhered to surface of the heart
- continuous with parietal layer of serous pericardium at great vessels
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Term
| Pericardial Cavity (also, name of inflammation of the serous pericardium) (term for heart compression and its cause) |
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Definition
- Potential space between parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
- contains thin layer of serous fluid
- inflammation of serous pericardium (pericarditis)- results in roughened surfaces that produce a pericardial friction rub during auscultation
- cardiac tamponade (heart compression) - fluid accumulation -- since inelastic this fluid will result in hearts ability to expand and fill with blood
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Term
| Echo-guided pericardiocentesis |
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Definition
| Can be perfromed to drain fluids from the pericardial cavity. A needle is inserted to the left of xiphoid process, and directed superiorly, deep to the costal margin (subxiphoid approach) OR a needle is inserted to the left of the sternum, in the left 5th or 6th intercostal space (left parasternal approach). |
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Term
| 4 chambers of the heart (most posterior and most anterior portions, relative to the other chambers) |
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Definition
- Right atrium
- Right Ventricle (most anterior)
- Left atrium (most posterior portion)
- Left Ventricle
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Term
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Definition
- Right Border - R.atrium between superior vena cava (SVC) and IVC
- Inferior border - primarily R ventricle
- Left border - primarily L ventricle
- superior border - L and R atria
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Term
| Apex and Base (describe their positions) |
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Definition
Apex - lies anterointeferiorly and to the left (formed by left ventricle)
Base - lies posteriosuperiorly and to the right (formed by left atrium) |
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Term
| Transverse Pericardial Sinus |
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Definition
- located posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk
- during cardiac surgery, the presence of the transverse pericardial sinus allows surgeon to ligate or clamp the aorta or pulmonary trunk to control the arterial outflow during surgery.
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Term
| Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves |
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Definition
LRLN- braches from L vagus nerve, runs deep to ligamentum arteriosum and around aortic arch -- therefore, if aneurysm on arch there may be voice troubles due to compression of this nerve
RRLN - branches from R vagus nerve, courses posterior to right subclavian artery |
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