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mediastinum and heart I
mediastinum and heart I
39
Anatomy
Graduate
09/13/2009

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Cards

Term
what is the superior border of the mediastinum?
Definition
superior thoracic aperture- 1st rib, manubrium, T1
Term
what is the inferior border of the mediastinum?
Definition
the diaphragm
Term
what is the divding point of the superior and inferior mediastium, and what is the significance of this point?
Definition
T4/T5, where the bronchi bifucate, arch of aorta
Term
where is the thymus
Definition
posterior to the manubrium and anterior to pericadium, by adulthood mainly replaced by fat
Term
what type of organ is the thymus?
Definition
lymphoid organ
Term

what is the pericardium?

Definition
serous membrane surounding heart and proximal portions of the grat vessels
Term
[image]
Definition

phrenic nerve, passign anterior to root of lung, going to diaphragm from C345

  • motor innervation of diaphragm
  • sensory innervation diaphragm, parietal pleura, and pericardium

Term
what are the 3 layer of pericardium?
Definition

  1. fibrous pericardium
  2. parietal layer of serous pericardium
  3. visceral layer of pericardium

Term
is the fibrous pericadium elastic?
Definition
no, it is inelastic, so as to protect the heart against over filling, and attches to the diaphragm
Term
what two layers of pericardium are continuous?
Definition
parietal and visceral layers of pericardium
Term
[image]
Definition

it is the transverse pericardial sinus. posterior to the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

During cardiac sugery it is ligated to control the arterial outflow of blood

Term
what is the pericardial cavity
Definition
space between the visceral and parietal pericardium
Term
what is pericarditis?
Definition
inflamation of serous pericardium, results in roughened surfaces that produce friction that can be auscultated 
Term
what is cardiac tamponade?
Definition
fluid acumulating in the pericardial cavity.  fibrous pericardium is inelastic thus pressure build up in cavity, and heart cant expand to fill with blood
Term
what is pericardiocentesis
Definition
a needel is inserted left of the xiphoid process and superiorly deep to costal margin, and fulid in the pericardial cavity is removed
Term
what heart chamber is the most  posterior?
Definition
Left atrium
Term
what heart chamber is most anterior?
Definition
right ventricle
Term
what heart chamber is the right border of the heart?
Definition
right atrium
Term
what heart chamber is the inferior border of the heart?
Definition
right ventricle
Term
what heart chamber is the left border of the heart?
Definition
left ventricle
Term
what is the superior border of the heart
Definition
the atria
Term
where is the apex of the heart?
Definition
anteroinferiorly and to the left, pointy part of left ventricle
Term
where is the base of the heart?
Definition
posterior of the heart, mainly  left artium
Term
[image]
Definition

blue- internal jugular veins

green- subclavian veins

purple- brachicephalic veins

yellow- SVC

Term
[image]
Definition

red- ascending aorta

grey- arch of aorta

ligth blue- brachiocephalic trunk

green- right subclavian

yellow- right common carotid

purple- left common carotid

white- left subclavian

Term
what takes blood to the head?
Definition
common carotid arteries
Term
what takes blood away from the head
Definition
jugular veins
Term
what type of innervation slowes down the heart?
Definition
para sympathetic, vagus nerve
Term
map the rout of the parasympathetic innervation of the heart
Definition

preganglionic cell bodies in the brain

preganglionic fibers make the vagus nerve

posganglionic cell bodies in wall of heart

post ganglionic fibers also in wall of heart

Term
does the vagus nerve pass anteriorly or posteriorly to the root of the lung?
Definition
posterior
Term
describe the branching of the right vagus nerve in the mediastinum
Definition
right recurent laryngeal split deep to right subclavian artery
Term
describe the branching of the left  vagus nerve in the mediastinum
Definition
left recurent laryngeal branches under arch of aorta, deep to liagmentum arteriosum
Term
what could a how could a hoarseness relate to heart problems?
Definition
aneurism of the aortic arch or enlargment of the lymph nodes can compress left recurent laryngeal nerve, which is heading to the larynx after passing under the aortic arch
Term
T/F the heart has sympathric innervation?
Definition
True
Term
map the rout of innervation in the heart
Definition

preganglionic cell biodies in lateral horn of thoracic spinal cord

preganglionic fiber ventral root-> spinal nerve-> ventral ramus-> white ramus comunicans-> sympathetic trunk

postganglionic cell bodies in paravertebral ganglis

postganglionic fibers go paravertebral ganglia to heart

Term
places where the vagus nerve goes
Definition

cardiac plexus

left and right pulmonary plexuses

espohogeal plexus,

continues to abdominal cavity

 

Term
what is cardiac reffered pain?
Definition
visceral pain- from iscema during cardiac arrest- is percieved as pain from superficial part of the body.
Term
[image]
Definition

2- rib

3- vein

4- artery

5- nerve

6- sympathetic trunk

7- vertebrae

8- splanchnic nerve

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