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med terms
digestive sysytem
67
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/20/2009

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Term
adhesions
Definition
abnormal fibers that bind one organ to another
Term
botulism
Definition
a severre type of food poisoning caused by anaerobic bacteria
Term
carcinoma
Definition
a malignant tumor anywhere in the body
Term
cholelithiasis
Definition
the term for stones in the gallbladder
Term
colitis
Definition
inflammation in the colon
Term
diverticula
Definition
pouches in the sigmoid colon
Term
gastric ulcer
Definition
an inflammation area with tisse destruction in the gastric mucosa
Term
gastritis
Definition
inflammation of the stomach or intestines
Term
glossitis
Definition
inflammation of the tounge
Term
hernia
Definition
protrusiob of a part out its natural place
Term
intussusception
Definition
telescoping of the intestine into itself
Term
strangulated
Definition
a hernia that causes a bowel obstruction
Term
nausea and vomiting
Definition
the most common symptoms of gi disorders
Term
obesity
Definition
having a body mass index of greater than or equal to 30
Term
pancreatitis
Definition
inflammation of the pancreas
Term
peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritoneal membrane
Term
pyloric stenosis
Definition
a disease of infancy in which the outlet of the stomach is too narrow for food to pass through
Term
steatorrhea
Definition
foamy bulky foul smelling stool high in fat content
Term
cirrhosis
Definition
replacement of liver cells by fiborous tissue
Term
hepatitis
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
tongue
Definition
aids in swallowing
Term
pharynx
Definition
carries food to the esophagus
Term
parotoid, submaxillary, sublingual
Definition
produces salivia
Term
gallbladder
Definition
stores bile
Term
esophagus
Definition
a tube that directs food to the next organ
Term
liver
Definition
stores fat soluble vitamins
Term
pancreas
Definition
produces insulin and enzymes
Term
ileum
Definition
digests and absorbs food
Term
gastric mucosa
Definition
prevents acid form consuming the stomach
Term
gastric secretions
Definition
breaks up food for digestion
Term
small intestine
Definition
cheif organ of digestion and absorbption
Term
gastroenterologist
Definition
a md who specializes in the study of the gi tract
Term
digestion
Definition
process of converting food into nutrients
Term
absorption
Definition
process that transfers nutrients to the bloodstream
Term
alimentary canal
Definition
the entire gastrointestinal tract
Term
peristalsis
Definition
rhythmic motion of the muscles that move food through the gi tract
Term
mucus
Definition
slime produced in mucous membrane
Term
duodenum
Definition
first 10-12 in in the small int.
Term
pyloric sphincter
Definition
valve that passes food from the stomach to the intestine in the abdominal cavity
Term
ampulla of vater
Definition
opening of the common bile duct in the duodenum
Term
mesemtery
Definition
special double layered tissue that suspends the intestine in the abdominal cavity
Term
hemorrhoids
Definition
viens in the region of the anus
Term
peritoneum
Definition
additional covering of the alimentary canal
Term
colon
Definition
the large intestine which extends from cecum to rectum
Term
cecum
Definition
the beginning of the large intestine of the GI tract
Term
mouth or oral cavity
Definition
the first part of the digestive system is called this
Term
small intestine
Definition
the chief organ of digestion
Term
duodenum
Definition
the first part of the small intestine
Term
cecum
Definition
the first part of the large intestine
Term
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Definition
three accessory organ
Term
deciduous
Definition
baby teeth replaced by adult teeth
Term
rectum
Definition
the lower part of the large intestine
Term
anus
Definition
the last part of the alimentary canal
Term
greater omentum
Definition
a structure whose common name is the apron is the
Term
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Definition
the three divisions of the small intestine
Term
palate
Definition
a term meaning roof of the mouth
Term
peridental disease
Definition
a group of inflammatory gum disorder
Term
anastomosis
Definition
joining two parts together when a portion of only small amounts of food
Term
cholecystectomy
Definition
excision of the galbladder
Term
colostomy
Definition
creating a stoma on the abs to excrete waste
Term
gastrectomy
Definition
subtotal removal of the stomach
Term
herniorrhaphy
Definition
surgical repair of a hernia
Term
ileostomy
Definition
creation of a new opening into the abdomen
Term
laparotomy
Definition
exploratory incision into the abdomen
Term
stapling
Definition
closing off half of the stomach
Term
shunt
Definition
bypass of an obstruciton
Term
vagotomy
Definition
cutting the vagus nerve to reduce acid secretions
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