Term
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Definition
| painful, abnormal, difficult, labored |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Excessive or above normal |
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Definition
| Below normal or deficient |
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Definition
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|
Definition
| beside, near, or abnormal |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| surgical puncture to aspirate fluid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| the record, radio-graphic image |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| condition of, diseased state, abnormal state |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| specialist who studies and treats |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| instrument, used for visualization |
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Term
|
Definition
| process of viewing, visualization |
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Term
|
Definition
| creation of an artificial opening |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used to record |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| loosing, dissolution, separating |
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Term
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Definition
| surgical fixation suspension |
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Definition
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Definition
| developing cell, germ cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall |
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Term
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Definition
| abdomen, abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| pylorus, pyloric sphincter |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| abdomen, abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| A measurement of body fat based on height and weight, used to assess whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. |
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|
Term
| EGD= Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
Definition
| A diagnostic procedure in which a flexible endoscope is used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in infants or children characterized by insufficient weight gain or growth, often caused by inadequate nutrition or underlying medical conditions. |
|
|
Term
| GERD= Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
|
Definition
| A chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referring to the digestive system, which includes the stomach, intestines, and associated organs involved in digestion and nutrient absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which a portion of the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the inguinal canal,causing a bulge in the groin |
|
|
Term
| IBD= Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
Definition
| A group of chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, primarily including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis |
|
|
Term
| IBS= Irritable Bowel Disease |
|
Definition
| a common functional Gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. |
|
|
Term
| NG Tube= Nasogastric Tube |
|
Definition
| A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach, used for feeding, administering medications, or draining stomach contents. |
|
|
Term
| NAFLD= Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver not caused by alcohol consumption, often associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| PUD= Peptic Ulcer Disease |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum,often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or the use of NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of providing nutrition intravenously, bypassing the digestive tract,often used in patients with severe gastrointestinal conditions or after surgery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glands in the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus to protect the intestinal lining. These glands help neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, playing a key role in preventing damage to the intestinal mucosa. |
|
|
Term
Crohn's Disease
(Named after Burrill Crohn) |
|
Definition
| A chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, often affecting the ileum and colon |
|
|
Term
Gilbert's Syndrome
(Named after Augustin Nicolas Gilbert) |
|
Definition
| A hereditary liver disorder resulting in mildly bilirubin levels, typically without significant symptoms. It is often detected incidentally during routine blood tests and is usually benign. |
|
|
Term
Whipple Procedure
(Named after Allen Whipple) |
|
Definition
| A complex surgical procedure that involves removing the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, the gallbladder, and the bile duct. It is performed primarily to treat pancreatic cancer or other diseases affecting the pancreas and nearby organs. The full name of this procedure is pancreaticoduodenectomy. |
|
|
Term
Bartter Syndrome
(Named after Frederic Bartter) |
|
Definition
| A rare genetic condition affecting the kidneys' ability to reabsorb sodium, leading to hypokalemia, metabolic, alkalosis, and dehydration. |
|
|
Term
Bowman's Capsule
(Named after Sir William Bowman) |
|
Definition
| A cup-shaped structure in the nephron of the kidney that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate from blood plasma. They are integral to the filtrationprocess in the kidney's, initiating urine formation. |
|
|
Term
Henle's Loop
(Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle) |
|
Definition
| A U-shaped portion of the nephron, crucial for concentrating urine by creating a gradient in the kidney'a medulla. It plays a key role in water and salt reabsorption, maintaining the body's electrolyte balance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sudden loss of kidney function, leading to accumulation of waste products in the blood and an imbalance of electrolytes. It is often reversible with the prompt treatment. |
|
|
Term
| BPH= Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| A non cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, that can cause urinary symptoms such a as difficulty starting urination or a weak urine stream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The insertion of a catheter, a thin flexible tube, into the bladder to drain urine, monitor output, or deliver medications directly to the urinary tract |
|
|
Term
| CKD= Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
Definition
| A long term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time, potentially leading to end stage renal disease if untreated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diagnostic procedure in which a thin, flexible scope is inserted through the urethra to examine the bladder and urethra for abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| DRE= Digital Rectal Examination |
|
Definition
| A manual exam where a healthcare provider inserts a finger into the rectum to check for abnormalities in the prostate gland or rectal area. |
|
|
Term
| ESRD= End-Stage Renal Disease |
|
Definition
| The final stage of chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys can no longer support the body's needs, often requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. |
|
|
Term
| ESWL= Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy |
|
Definition
| A non-invasive procedure that uses shock waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces, allowing them to pass through the urinary tract. |
|
|
Term
| PKD= Polycystic Kidney Disease |
|
Definition
| A genetic disorder characterized by the development of fluid filled cysts in the kidneys which can lead to kidney enlargement and impaired function |
|
|
Term
| TURP= Transurethral Resection of the Prostate |
|
Definition
| A surgical procedure to remove part of the prostate gland through the urethra to relieve symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate (BPH) |
|
|
Term
| UTI= Urinary Tract Infection |
|
Definition
| An infection affecting any part of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, or kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| painful, abnormal, difficult, labored |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excessive or above normal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Below normal or deficient |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beside, near, or abnormal |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical puncture to aspirate fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the record, radio-graphic image |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition of, diseased state, abnormal state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialist who studies and treats |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrument, used for visualization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of viewing, visualization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| creation of an artificial opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| instrument used to record |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loosing, dissolution, separating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surgical fixation suspension |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| developing cell, germ cell |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hernia, protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abdomen, abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pylorus, pyloric sphincter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| abdomen, abdominal cavity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measurement of body fat based on height and weight, used to assess whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese. |
|
|
Term
| EGD= Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
|
Definition
| A diagnostic procedure in which a flexible endoscope is used to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine (duodenum). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a condition in infants or children characterized by insufficient weight gain or growth, often caused by inadequate nutrition or underlying medical conditions. |
|
|
Term
| GERD= Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
|
Definition
| A chronic condition in which stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, difficulty swallowing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Referring to the digestive system, which includes the stomach, intestines, and associated organs involved in digestion and nutrient absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which a portion of the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the inguinal canal,causing a bulge in the groin |
|
|
Term
| IBD= Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
|
Definition
| A group of chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, primarily including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis |
|
|
Term
| IBS= Irritable Bowel Disease |
|
Definition
| a common functional Gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. |
|
|
Term
| NG Tube= Nasogastric Tube |
|
Definition
| A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach, used for feeding, administering medications, or draining stomach contents. |
|
|
Term
| NAFLD= Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver not caused by alcohol consumption, often associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| PUD= Peptic Ulcer Disease |
|
Definition
| A condition characterized by open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach or duodenum,often caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or the use of NSAIDs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a method of providing nutrition intravenously, bypassing the digestive tract,often used in patients with severe gastrointestinal conditions or after surgery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of inflammatory bowel disease that causes chronic inflammation and ulcers in the colon and rectum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Glands in the duodenum that secrete alkaline mucus to protect the intestinal lining. These glands help neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, playing a key role in preventing damage to the intestinal mucosa. |
|
|
Term
Crohn's Disease
(Named after Burrill Crohn) |
|
Definition
| A chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract, often affecting the ileum and colon |
|
|
Term
Gilbert's Syndrome
(Named after Augustin Nicolas Gilbert) |
|
Definition
| A hereditary liver disorder resulting in mildly bilirubin levels, typically without significant symptoms. It is often detected incidentally during routine blood tests and is usually benign. |
|
|
Term
Whipple Procedure
(Named after Allen Whipple) |
|
Definition
| A complex surgical procedure that involves removing the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, the gallbladder, and the bile duct. It is performed primarily to treat pancreatic cancer or other diseases affecting the pancreas and nearby organs. The full name of this procedure is pancreaticoduodenectomy. |
|
|
Term
Bartter Syndrome
(Named after Frederic Bartter) |
|
Definition
| A rare genetic condition affecting the kidneys' ability to reabsorb sodium, leading to hypokalemia, metabolic, alkalosis, and dehydration. |
|
|
Term
Bowman's Capsule
(Named after Sir William Bowman) |
|
Definition
| A cup-shaped structure in the nephron of the kidney that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate from blood plasma. They are integral to the filtrationprocess in the kidney's, initiating urine formation. |
|
|
Term
Henle's Loop
(Named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle) |
|
Definition
| A U-shaped portion of the nephron, crucial for concentrating urine by creating a gradient in the kidney'a medulla. It plays a key role in water and salt reabsorption, maintaining the body's electrolyte balance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sudden loss of kidney function, leading to accumulation of waste products in the blood and an imbalance of electrolytes. It is often reversible with the prompt treatment. |
|
|
Term
| BPH= Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| A non cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, common in older men, that can cause urinary symptoms such a as difficulty starting urination or a weak urine stream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The insertion of a catheter, a thin flexible tube, into the bladder to drain urine, monitor output, or deliver medications directly to the urinary tract |
|
|
Term
| CKD= Chronic Kidney Disease |
|
Definition
| A long term condition characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time, potentially leading to end stage renal disease if untreated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A diagnostic procedure in which a thin, flexible scope is inserted through the urethra to examine the bladder and urethra for abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| DRE= Digital Rectal Examination |
|
Definition
| A manual exam where a healthcare provider inserts a finger into the rectum to check for abnormalities in the prostate gland or rectal area. |
|
|
Term
| ESRD= End-Stage Renal Disease |
|
Definition
| The final stage of chronic kidney disease, where the kidneys can no longer support the body's needs, often requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. |
|
|
Term
| ESWL= Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy |
|
Definition
| A non-invasive procedure that uses shock waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces, allowing them to pass through the urinary tract. |
|
|
Term
| PKD= Polycystic Kidney Disease |
|
Definition
| A genetic disorder characterized by the development of fluid filled cysts in the kidneys which can lead to kidney enlargement and impaired function |
|
|
Term
| TURP= Transurethral Resection of the Prostate |
|
Definition
| A surgical procedure to remove part of the prostate gland through the urethra to relieve symptoms caused by an enlarged prostate (BPH) |
|
|
Term
| UTI= Urinary Tract Infection |
|
Definition
| An infection affecting any part of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, or kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Around, beside, beyond, abnormal |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialist who studies and treats |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| condition of, formation, development, growth |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| cortex, outer layer of body organ |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate blood pressure and balance electrolytes by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion. |
|
|
Term
| ACTH= Adrenocorticotropic |
|
Definition
| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol, which helps regulate stress, metabolism, and immune response |
|
|
Term
| ADH= Antidiuretic Hormone |
|
Definition
| A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland that regulates water balance in the body by reducing urine production and increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys |
|
|
Term
| DKA = Diabetes Ketoacidosis |
|
Definition
| A serious complication of diabetes where the body produces high levels of blood acids (ketones) due to insufficient insulin, often accompained by high blood sugar levels and dehydration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from either insufficient insulin production (type 1) or resistance to insulin (type 2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hormone and neurotransmitter, also known as adrenaline, produced by the adrenal glands to prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response by increasing heart rate, blood flow, and energy availability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A test that measures blood glucose levels after an overnight fast to help diagnose diabetes or monitor blood sugar control |
|
|
Term
| FSH=Follicle-Stimulating Hormone |
|
Definition
| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that plays a critical role in the reproductive processes, including the maturation of eggs in females and the production of sperm in males. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to overproduction of thyroid hormones |
|
|
Term
| HGH= Human Growth Hormone |
|
Definition
| A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration in the body, particularly during childhood and adolescence |
|
|
Term
| LADA= Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults |
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Definition
- A form of type 1 diabetes that develops more slowly and typically occurs in adults, often misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes due to its gradual onset.
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| OGTT= Oral Glucose Tolerance Test |
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- A test that measures blood sugar levels before and after drinking a glucose-containing solution to diagnose diabetes or gestational diabetes.
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| RAI= Radioactive Iodine Treatment |
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- A therapy using radioactive iodine to destroy overactive thyroid cells, commonly used to treat hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer.
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| TSH=Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone |
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- A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that regulates the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by stimulating the thyroid gland.
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| A condition caused by adrenal insufficiency, leading to reduced production of cortisol and aldosterone. Symptoms include fatigue, hyperpigmentation, low blood pressure, and weight loss. |
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| A disorder caused by excessive cortisol levels, often due to a pituitary adenoma or long-term corticosteroid use. Symptoms include moon face, central obesity, purple striae, and hypertension. |
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| An autoimmune disorder leading to hypothyroidism due to chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin. |
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| Clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Dysfunction can lead to diabetes mellitus or other metabolic disorders. |
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- A diagnostic procedure in which a needle is inserted into the amniotic sac to collect amniotic fluid, often used to detect chromosomal abnormalities or infections during pregnancy.
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- A common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance in the natural bacteria of the vagina, often resulting in unusual discharge, odor, and irritation.
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| C-section = Cesarean Section |
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- A surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions made in the abdomen and uterus, often performed when a vaginal delivery is unsafe.
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| HRT = Hormone Replacement Therapy |
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- A treatment involving supplemental hormones, typically estrogen and/or progesterone, used to alleviate symptoms of menopause or hormonal imbalances.
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| HPV = Human Papillomaviruses |
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- A group of viruses that can cause genital warts and are associated with cervical cancer, as well as other types of cancer in both men and women.
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- A minimally invasive procedure in which a thin, lighted scope is inserted into the uterus through the vagina to examine the uterine cavity and treat abnormalities.
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| IUD = Intrauterine Device |
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- A small, T-shaped device inserted into the uterus for long-term contraception, available in hormonal and non-hormonal (copper) types.
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| NICU = Neonatal Intensive Care Unit |
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- A specialized unit in a hospital that provides intensive care to premature or critically ill newborns.
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| PID = Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
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| An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria, which can lead to infertility if untreated |
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| PMS = Premenstrual Syndrome |
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- A group of symptoms, including mood swings, bloating, and irritability, that occur in the days leading up to menstruation.
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| STIs, STDs= Sexually Transmitted Infections or Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
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- Infections transmitted through sexual contact, caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV.
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| Paired glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete mucus to lubricate the vulva. Infections of these glands can result in Bartholin's cysts or abscesses, causing pain and swelling in the vulvar region. |
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| Also known as the bulbourethral glands, they are small glands in males that produce a pre-ejaculate fluid to neutralize acidity in the urethra. These glands play a role in enhancing sperm viability during ejaculation and reducing damage to sperm caused by residual urine. |
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| A clinical sign characterized by the softening of the lower uterine segment during early pregnancy. This is used as an early indicator of pregnancy during pelvic exams. |
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| Pelvis, pelvic bones, pelvic cavity |
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| Uterine tube, fallopian tube |
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| Vas deferens, vessel, duct |
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| orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o |
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| Excision or surgical removal |
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| Beginning, development, or production |
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| Diseased state, abnormal state, condition of |
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| Loosening, dissolution, separating |
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| Surgical fixation, suspension |
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| Creation of a new opening |
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